Leechdoms, wortcunning, and starcraft of early England. Being a collection of documents, for the most part never before printed, illustrating the history of science in this country before the Norman conquest

RERUM BRITANNICARUM MEDII M\l
SCRIPTORES,

OR

HRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OF GREAT BRITAIN

AND IRELAND

DURING

THE MIDDLE AGES.

9875.

THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS

OF

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.

PrBT,TSHKTl BY THE AUTHORITY OF HER MAJESTY'S TRRASFRT. T'NPER
THF mrfVPTTON OF TTTF MASTER OF TTTF FAT T t

On the 26tli of Jaiuiary 1857, the Master of the Rolls
submitted to the Treasury a proposal for the publication
of materials for the History of this Country from the
Invasion of the Romans to the Reign of Henry VIII.

Tlie Master of the Rolls suggested that tliese materials
should be selected for publication under competent
editors without reference to periodical or chronological
arrangement, without mutilation or abridgment, prefer-
ence being given, in the first instance, to such materials
as were most scarce and valuable.

He proposed that each chronicle or historical docu-
ment to be edited should be treated in the same way as
if the editor were engaged on an Editio Princeps ; and
for this purpose the most correct text should be formed
from an accurate collation of the best MSS.

To render the work more generally useful, the Master

of the Rolls suggested that the editor should give an

accoimt of the MSS. employed by him, of their age and

their peculiarities; that he should add to the work a

brief account of the life and times of the author, and any

remarks necessary to explain the chronology ; but no

other note or comment was to be allowed, except what

might be necessary to establish the correctness of the

text.

a 2

4

The works to be published in octavo, separately, as
they were finished ; the whole responsibility of the task
resting upon the editors, who were to be chosen by the
Master of the Eolls with the sanction of the Treasury.

The Lords of Her Majesty's Treasury, after a careful
consideration of the subject, expressed their opinion in a
Treasury Minute, dated February 9, 1857, that the plan
recommended by the Master of the HoUs '' was well
calculated for the accomplislmient of this important
national object, in an effectual and satisfactory manner,
within a reasonable time, and provided proper attention
be paid to economy, in making the detailed arrange-
ments, without unnecessary expense."

They expressed their approbation of the proposal that
each chronicle and liistorical document .should be edited
in such a manner as to represent mth all possible cor-
rectness the text of each writer, derived from a collation
of the best MSS., and that no notes should be added,
except such as were illustrative of the various readings.
They suggested, however, that the preface to each work
should contain, in addition to the particulars proposed
by tlie Master of the Rolls, a biographical account of
the author, so far as authentic materials existed for that
purpose, and an estimate of his historical credibility and
value.

Bolls House,

Deremher IHoT.

ixy U ftLil yvAi'elpfc Voti xtvecp -j p' jrav ■S-p eft
"T if l^^'^^^^^^' |^oTi-mxe&''iic vipHe--^IIf<fr][ve-'
-]p-yp^lwlo'^>on|>a hot-cu j^'uchoman 'Tip

IftiP-arv Ha^ onprtjii?- "itf-Wmi^ njiKnucl n lol'o

e _ ^ ^

lortvvn '^^|iiipe-^n"li'a TO&^Toyonmt- m.\K. -ipic

ir,rnwciii¥-^ Wile Urn ^nim nii^lnnimciA.^cnil'lim
\ -1 ncvne roftcu) • ^ip-hti ptfem Tmvro o bjvfn i^va.

MS. RE<3. 12. D.XYIX. fol .'53d

LEECHDOMS, WORTCUNNING,

STARCRAFT

EAELY ENGLAND.

A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS, FOR THE MOST PART
NEVER BEFORE PRINTED,

ILLlIbTllATIXG

THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN THIS COUNTRY
BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST.

COLLECTED AND EDITED

i;y TIIK

REV. OSWALD COCKAYNE, M.A. CANTAB.

VOL. II.

PUBLISHED BV THK AUTIlOlUTY OF TIIK LOKUS COMMISSIOXKKS OF UEU MAJESTY'S
TREASURY, UNDER THE DIREUTIONT OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.

LONDON:
LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, ROBERTS, AND GREEN.

iS6o.

D^

2.

/r

nd.3S
V. 2

, Trill ted by

EiKli and Spottiswoode, Her Majesty's Prinlefj
For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.

CONTENTS.

Page

Preface - - - - - - vii

Leech Book. Book I. - - - - 1

Book II. ...... 158

Book III. - - - - 300

Glossaky - - - - - -361

Index of Pkoper Names - - - - 415

PREFACE.

PREFACE.

No historical records are complete without the usual
chapter on Manners and Customs ; and the true scholar
never feels himself well in possession of the I'equisite
knowledge of the past age, till he has so learnt its
time honoured tale, as to apprehend in a human and
practical sense those feelings which made its super-
stitions plausible, its heathenism social, its public
institutions tend, in the end, to the general welfare.

The Saxons have not been more fortunate than others
in their appreciation by us, self satisfied moderns. They
have been, and still .are, I believe, commonly regarded
as mangy dogs, whose success against the Keltic race
in this country was owing chiefly to their starved
condition and ravening hunger. The children protest
that, positively, as they know from their most reUable
handbooks, these roving savages stuffed their bellies
mth acorns, and the enlightened literati and dilettanti
begrudge them any feeling of respect for their queens
and ladies, or any arts such as befit our " Albion's
" glorious isle " under an Encflish kino-.

The work now published for the first time, and
from a unique manuscript, will, if duly studied, afford
a large store of information to a very difierent effect,
and show us that the inhabitants of this land in
Saxon times were able to extract a very fair sliaie
of comfortable food, and healing medicines, and savoury
drinks directly or indirectly from it. Many readers

Vlll PREFACE.

will be glad to see drawn together into one the scat-
tered notices which occur most plentifully here, and
occasionally elsewhere, upon this matter.

At his noon meat or dinner, at the Itova nona, or
ninth hour of the day,^ for the word noon has now
changed its sense, the Saxon spread his table duly
and suitably with a table cloth.^ He could place on
it for the entertainment of his family and household,
the flesh of neat cattle,*' now Normanized, as Sir Walter
Scott has made familiar to all, into beef, the flesh of
sheep,* now called mutton, of pig, of goat,*" of calf,^ of
deer, especially the noble hart,*^ of wild boar," the pea-
cock, swan, duck,' culver or pigeon,^ waterfowl, barn-
door fowl,'^ geese, '° and a great variety of wild fowl,
which the fowler caught with net, noose, birdlime,
birdcalls, hawks, and traps ;'^ salmon, eels, hake, pil-
chards, eelpouts,^- trout, lampreys, herrings, sturgeon,
oysters, crabs, periwinkles, plaice, lobsters, sprats,^^
and so on.^*

The cookery of these viands was not wholly contemp-
tible. It was entrusted to professors of that admired
art,^'^ who could, though their accomplishments have
been neglected by the annalists, put on the board
oyster patties, ^*^ and fowls stuffed with bread and such
worts as parsley.''^ Weaker stomachs could have light

' Horn. II. 256. Also Seo vunne
aJjyjTjiobe.vpam mibbaej;^' o'iS non,
JI.II. 158 a, The mm was darkened
from midday tdl noon. Even here
our dictionaries blunder.

- Beobcla'5, vE.G. 8,lincol. Myj'c
hjiBegel, I>ye.

* Lb. II. vii., etc.

' Coll. Monasticon, p. •!{).

■- Lb. II. xvi.

" Coll. Mon. p. ±1.

■ Lb. IL xvi.

"■■ Lb, II. XXX. 2.

' DD. 504 ; Lb. II. xvi. 2,

'" Lb. II. xvi. 2,

" Coll. Mon. p. 25.

'- Young eels (Kersey).

'■' Sppoccas not in the dictionaries.
JJcsides two passages in which it
occurs, reserved for reasons which
readers of the Shrine will under-
stand, it occurs Coll. Mon. p. 23.
See French Celerin, Selerin ; the
MS. has Salin.

' ' Coll. Mon. pp. 23, 24.

'' Coll. Mon. p. 29.

'" Lb. II. xxiii.

"Lb. HLxii.

PTIEFACE.

IX

food, chickens,' giblets, pigs trotters,^ eggs, broth,
various preparations of milk, some of the nature of
junkets.'*'

From some of their drawings, their cookery of meat
seems to have been more Homeric^ than Roman or
modern English, for we see portions of meat brought
up on small spits, all hot, to the table. All food that
required it was sweetened with honey, before men had
betaken themselves to sugar. For fruits, we know
they had sweet apples,''' which are not indigenous to
England, pears, peaches,*^ medlars, plums, and cherries.

Saxons, thus well provided with eatables, could
satisfy thirst with not a few good and savoury drinks ;
with beer, with strong beer, with ale, with strong ale,
with clear ale, with foreign ale, and with what they
called twybrowen, that is, double brewed ale, a luxury,
now rare, and rare too then probably.'' These ales
and beers were, of course, to deserve the name, and
as wo learn from many passages of the present publi-
cation, made of malt, and some of them, not all pro-
l>ably, were hopped.^ I have sufficiently, in the Glos-
sary,^ established that tlie hop plant and its use were
known to the Saxons, and that they called it by a
name, after which I have inquired in vain among
hop growers and hop pickers in Worcestershire and
Kent, the Hymele.'" The hop grows wild in our hedges,
male and female, and the Saxons in this state called
it the hedge hj^mele ; a good valid presumption that they
knew it in its fertility. Three of the Saxon legal deeds

' As before.
- Lb. II. i.
^ Gl. ylecan.

•• Kai a./x(p' o^eXoKTiv tQrjKav.
' Mylsee asppla, Lb. II. xvi.
" Persocas, Lb. p. 176 ; Lacn. 89 ;
AiSa|. .31.

• Lb. T. xlvii. .1.

^ Hb, Ixviii.

" See also Preface, Vol. I. p. Iv.

'" I find Ymele, fem., gen -an, for
a roll, scroll, volumen. The Ilymele
is in glossaries frequently Voliihilis ;
and the two suggest a derivation for
either from Ymbe = 'Aficpi, so that
Ilvmele means coiler.

X PREFACE.

extant refer ^ to a liide of land at Hymel-tim in Wor-
cestershire, tlie land of the garden hop, and as tun
means an enclosure, there can he not much doubt that
this was a hop farm. The bounds of it ran down to
the hymel brook, or hop plant brook, a name which
occurs about the Severn and the Worcestershire Avon
in other deeds. One of the unpublished glossaries
affords the Saxon word Hopu, Hojos,^ and Hopwood in
Worcestershire doubtless is thence named. Perhaps,
to explain some testimonies to a more recent impor-
tation of hops, it may be suggested that, as land or
sea carriage of pockets of hops from Worcestershire to
London or the southern ports was difficult, the use of
the hop was long confined to that their natural soil,
while the Kentish hops may be a gift from Germany.

A table is well enough furnished where the flagons
are filled with good malt liquor ; it is flat heresy, they
say, to discover mischief in University " particular :"
but, notwithstanding, the Saxons drank also mead, an
exhilarating beverage, which from its sweetness must
have been better suited to the palates of the ladies,
and which was of an antiquity far anterior to written
or legendary history. They had also great store of
wines, which they distinguished by their qualities, as
clear, austere, sweet, rather than by their provinces or
birth. They made up also artificial diinks, oxymel,
hydromel, mulled wines, and a Clear drink, or Claret/"^
of the nature of those beverages which are now called
cup.

Salt, which is an indispensable condiment to civilized
man, they obtained from Cheshire and Worcestershire,
where they had furnaces for the evaporation of the

' CD. 209, 080, lOGG. 1 lleve them to be the hloKSoms of

- " Lygistra hopu," Gl. Cleop. privet.
f. 57 a. Ligustra, though known to ^ See the Glossary in jMuttoji
every ear, by the line Alba ligustra bpenc.
caduut, were long doubtful ; we be- I

PREFACE.

XI

brine.^ Salt fm* salted meats,- which also were quite
familiar to them, might be got from the saltpans on
the sea shore.

The dishes, on which their meats were served, were
sometimes of silver,^ nor was this esteemed a high
distinction.'^ The vessels from which they drank were
sometimes of glass f and those they had also transpa-
rent in quality.'^' The supply upon the tables of a chief-
tain, who had many retainers, was abundant, and not
over studious of luxury and refinement.' When not
engaged in war or hunting, the princes thought a good
deal of their gormandize.^ Festive assemblies were more
frequent than among other races of men ; they were
duly ordered, and attended by gleemen, from whose
lips the honeysweets of song flowed readily and freely,
and whose reward came from the munificence of the
prince. The feasts not rarely lasted through the
night.*'

In the monastic colloquy, an exercise for students,
who were to be "bilingues," capable of conversing in
their own language and in that of Rome, which is,
therefore, quite destitute of artifice or ambition, a boy
is asked what he has to eat. His reply i^^, worts (that
is, kitchen herbs), fish, cheese, butter, beans, and flesh
meats. He drinks ale, and, if he cannot get that, water,
for he cannot afford wine. This is the daily diet of
a boy under education in a monastery.

Altogether, if the comfortable prejudices of modernism
do not shut out trustworthy and contemporary testi-

' CD. 451.

- Lb. p. 234, etc.

^ Discus argenteus regalibus
epulis refertus, Becla, III. vi.

* Est videre apud illos argentese
vasa, legatis et pi'incipibus eorum
muneri datse, non in alia vilitate
quam qua; bumo finguntur. Tacitus,
Germ. 5.

■' Calicem is translated slsej-yaer,
Beda, p. 618, line 12.

« C.E. 78, ult.

■ Epiilffi et, quanquam incompti,
largi tamen adparatus, Tacit. Germ.
14.

* Dediti somno ciboque. Tacit.
Germ. 15.

'■' Tacit. Germ. 22.

xn

PREFACE.

mony the Saxons must be concluded to be very far
removed from that pasturage upon the lierb of the
field whicli was the regale of human innocence, and
that feeding upon grass which was the doom of an
arrogant Oriental king. They seem to dine like Eng-
lishmen.

The Saxon imported purple palls, and silk, precious
gems, gold, rare vestments, drugs, wine, oil, ivory, ori-
chalclium (a very fine mixed metal of gold and silver),
brass, brimstone, glass, and many more such articles.^
Tin came by water from Cornwall. Their enterprise by
sea was distinguished ; the}^ pursued the dangerous
whale, and were known for their adventurous hostile
landings upon the Gallic coasts before they had settled
in this country.^

When the Saxons got possession of Britain, they
found it, not such as Julius C?esar describes it, but
cultivated and improved by all that the Romans knew
of agriculture and gardening. Hence rue, hyssop, fennel,
mustard, elecampane, southernwood, celandine, radish,
cummin, onion, '"' lupin, chervil, flower de luce, flax
probably, rosemary, savory, lovage, parsley, coriander,
olusatrum, savine, were found in their gardens and
available for their medicines. Among the foreign drugs,
or the like, which are mentioned in this volume, we find
mastich, pepper, galbanum, scamony, gutta ammoniaca,
cinnamon, vermilion, aloes, pumice, quicksilver, brim-
stone, myrrh, frankincense, petroleum,'* ginger.

The Saxons and Engie for the supply of their tables,
thus, as we have seen, abundantly supplied, kept herds
of cattle. The agriculture was in great measure, with
alterations adapted to the moister climate, and with
improvements from lapse of time and from other coun-

' Col. Mon. p. 27.

■-' Ainmianiis Marcellinus, xxviii.

^ Ynneleac has for its first ele-
ment a Latinism, unionem, onion.

'Lb. pp. 53, .'iT, 01, 101, 125
289,297.

PREFACE.

xm

tries, Roman. Among them arable land was excellently
cared for, much on the same method as we observe on
the downs of Kent, the garden of England. By throw-
ing a thousand small allotments into one great field,
they were well rid of the encumbrance, the weeds, the
birds, the boys going a birdnesting, and the repair of
hedges or other fences. But the pasture land was not
so well managed. The Romans, who had an elaborate
machinery of aqueducts and irrigation, grew hay in their
prata, or meadows, which were artificially supplied with
water, and to get two crops a year, or three or four,'
gave a large flow of that element to the soil. This,
of course, had its inconveniences, herbs that thrive in
wet came up stronger than the grass, especially horse-
tail, and a " nummulus " with pods. They had an awk-
ward inefiicient way of cutting the grass with a hook,
held in the right hand only, and this was followed
by a second operation, called sickling,^ to cut what the
hooks had left. They tedded the hay, as is done now,
by hand, with forks, ^ took care it should be dry enough
not to ferment, leaving it in cocks,* and when ready
carried it off to the farm,^ and stored it in a loft.^

Our forefathers here were able, from the frequent Hay.
rains, to dispense for the most part with irrigation.
They cut the hay with sithes,' the pattern of which
was probably borrowed from the continental Kelts, '^ and,
most naturally, by the subdued British before the settle-
ment of the English, since they were relatives, spoke

' Interamnse in Umbria quater
anno secantur etiam non rigua,
Plin. xviii. 67=2S.

2 Sicilire ; Plin. as above, Varro,
E.R. i. 19.

8 Furcillis.

* Meta;.

* Villa.

" In tabulate. Sub tecto, Colu-
mella, II. xix.

VOL. II.

' Horn. II. p. 162. Also a Saxon
drawing in MS. Cott. Tiber. B. v.,
where the painter has given straight
handles to the sithes ; and has cer-
tainly committed an error in draw-
ing haymaking for August, and
reaping for June.

** Galliarum latifundia maioris
compendii, Plin. as above.

XIV

PREFACE,

tlie language, and were in frequent communication with
Gaul. They stored the hay in ricks ^ and mows,- where
it was less likely to get mouldy than in the half close
lofts of the Romans.

But according to the Roman system little hay was
prepared thus, there were legal impediments to ex-
tending widely the formation of inclosed pasturage^, and
we read often enough of feeding the cattle upon leaves,
or rather on foliage.^ The man employed in procuring
small boughs for his cattle was called Frondator.^ The
greater part, by far, of Italian pasture land was common,
overspread by bushes and trees, where the employment
of herdsmen and shepherds was indispensable, and im-
provement was almost impossible.
Cattle thieves. In the same way, in early England, a grass fiekP is
rarely heard of, while the law books are full of pre-
cautions against cattle thieves, whose bad business was
made easy by the threadmg commons and wide moors,
along which a stolen herd could be driven, j)icking up
subsistence on its way, and evading observation by
keeping off the great roads. So much were the farmers
pestered with cattle thefts, that the legislature required
responsible witnesses to the transfer of such property,
and would have it transacted in open market; it also
invented a team ; that is to say, when Z, who has lost
his oxen, found them and identified them in possession
of A, the said A was bound by trustworthy witnesses
to show that he had them lawfully from B ; B was
then compelled to go through the same process, and to

' This word is not in the Saxon
dictionaries, and I will not at pre-
sent indicate the passage where it is

to he found. Sa^ l^jL^juie^ eicXia.
•-.x.'J / ...'I. /> ^ . hre^c , Oi^t^d. £

■"^'Mugan, Exodus xxii. 6

" Quid maiora sequar ? Salices
" humilesque genistae

" Aiit ilia; pecori frondem aut

" pastoribus umbram
" SufEciunt."

Virgil. Georgic. II. 434.
" Hie ubi densas agricola; strin-
" gunt frondes."

Id. Eel. ix. 60.
' Virgil. Eel. I. 57.
^ Gaejjj^un.

PREFACE. XV

sliow that lie gave honest money for them to C ; thus
a team or row of successive owners was unravelled till
it ended in P, who had neglected to secure credible
witnesses to his bargain ; or in Q, who bought them
at a risky price from the actual thief Then Z recovered
his cattle or their value.^ Under this legislation the
chief difficulty of a loser was to trace the direction in
which his cattle had been driven off, and the skill of
the hunter in tracking the slot of the deer, helped to
follow the foot prints of horse or sheep or ox.^ The
less fertile parts of England are still patched by strips
of common, or ways with grassy wastes skirting them,
and the wanderer may often ramble by hedgerow elms
mid hillocks green, among the primroses and violets,
by ups and downs, through quagmires and over gates,
from his furthest point for the day, till he nears the
town and his inn. Elwes, the famous miser, could ride
seventy miles out of London without paying turnpike.
The Saxon herdsman watched the livelono- nie^ht.^

The Saxons also, like the Romans, fed their cattle, Cattle fed on
sometimes, so as to make the notion familiar, with the ^^aves.
foliage of trees. In his life of St. Cu6berht, the venerable
Beda gives an account of a worthy Hadwald (Eadwald),
a faithful servant of ^Iflced, abbess of Whitby, who was
killed by falling from a tree.^ ^Ifric three hundred
years afterwards telling the same story, gives us either
from some collateral tradition, by writing may be, may
be by word, or from his judgment of what was naturally
the mans business at tree climbing, an account that this
tree was an oak, and that he was feeding the cattle
with the foliage, so that he was killed in discharge
of his duty as herdsman.-'^ In the summer of 18G4< this

' DD. in many passages.

^ Ho^pec, Focppop.

3 Coll. Mon. p. 20. Tota nocte
sto super eos vigilando propter
fures.

■* Incautius in arborem ascen-
dens deciderat deorsiun, Beda, 256,
22.

5 Horn. II. 150.

b 2

XVI

PREFACE.

poor resource is said to have been used in some counties
of England, notwithstanding the " great strides science
" has made."

Sheep. Sheep were driven to pasture by their shepherd with

his dosrs. and at nis^ht were taken back home and fokled.'
With goats, sheep provided most part of the milk and
cheese consumed in early times ; cow butter is fre-
quently named in this volume by way of distinction ;
these smaller beasts were robbed of their milk from the
teats between the hind legs. A Saxon calendar heads
the month of May with a painting representing sheep and
goats under the shepherds care.

Swine. Swine w^ere entrusted to the swineherd, who pastured

them in his masters woods, or on a customary per-
centage of the stock,- in the woods of some other pro-.
prietor. He had a perquisite, a sty pig out of the farrow,
with another for his comrade or deputy, besides the
usual dues of servitors.^

Boar hunting. A drawing of a purely Saxon type, in a Saxon manu-
script, represents the hunting of the wild boar ; a thane,
or as we say gentleman, on foot, has some wild pigs,
bristly and yellowish brown, in view ; he carries a long
boar spear, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his
sword, which is to save his life, if the boar charges ;
he is followed by an unarmed attendant, with a pair
of dogs in a leash, and a hunting horn. The painter
has probably assigned this drawing to the wrong
month.'*

Ilawliing. The same artist has drawn a Saxon gentleman out

a hawking on horseback, with an attendant on foot,
each provided with a haAvk; the wild fowl, ducks or
teal, are in the picture, these the hawk dispatched

' Coll. :\ron. 20.

- One tliirrl of very fat ones, one
fourth, and one fifth of less fat.
DD. p. 58.

'DD. p. 187.

■• September. To say this painting
represents herding swine is a strange
inaccuracy. No hand is raised to
shake down mast.

PREFACE. XVli

quicldy, splitting their skulls with a stroke of his beak,
A large bird, perhaps a heron, is introduced into the
scene.

Feather beds, with bolsters and pillows, were in use
in Saxon times. ^

It seemed necessary to pave the way for an examina- England
tion of the work now published by some such remarks ^^^' ^^^ '
as these, which are not all trite or matters of course ;
in order that the minds of readers not very familiar
with these early times might give the rest of our facts
a readier acceptance. The entire scope and tenor of
all that we possess in the way of home literature, laws,
deeds, histories, poems, regarding these Angles and
Saxons, implies a tolerable degree of civilization ; and
many modem writers have persistently misrepresented
their customs, and pretended to unloose the very bonds
of society among them. I take leave to touch on one
or two points, tending still to prepare us for the facts
on the face of the present volume.

Tacitus says that the German races were well pleased Coins,
with Roman money, and that such coins as were of
approved value, the milled edged, and the pair horse
chariot stamped,^ had currency among them. In Eng-
land the kings, great and small, learned to imitate on
their own account the currency of Eome. Writers on
the subject dwell upon this, and we are, in our mended
age, ourselves guilty of this want of originality. Saxon
pennies are common enough, but the numismatists say
that they coined no gold, because no gold coins have
been turned up. Saxon gold mancuses are mentioned
in twenty different passages of manuscripts : they were
not money of account, for we read of mancuses by
weight ; and a will, nov/ in the hands of a zealous
editor, settles the question by the following words :
" Then let twenty hundred mancuses of gold be taken

' Gl. Soiun. p. 60 b, line 40. | - Serratos bigatosque.

XVIU

PREFACE.

Herbalist
learnino-.

" and coined into mancuses ;" ^ that is, there was a gold
coin of a determinate weight called a mancus, and coined
in England. Suppose when the document is fairly be-
fore us that this will turn out suspect ; suppose it be
pronounced a forgery ; still we have Saxon authority
for coininof wold mancuses, and at home. All works
that touch the subject, know that there were in those
times royal mints and royal moneyers.

The Glossary appended to this work exhibits, from
among a still wider list, a large number of names of
herbs ; and materials exist for determining most of these
to full conviction. The change of residence produced
doubtless some confusion, by depriving the Saxons of spe-
cimens of the trees and plants answering to their names.
The Germanic races had not before their arrival here
pushed down upon the Mediterranean ^hores, but we
all know historically that they had not been confined
to cold climates, and one very curious proof exists
that in some instances the name they fixed on a plant
was appropriate only to its aspect in warmer countries.^
It is true that the oak, beech, birch, hawthorn, sloe-
thorn, bore native names, but elm,^ walnut, maple,
holly,* are equally native names ; and, except the
walnut, native trees. The cherry was brought to Italy
by Lucullus, from Kspatrouj, Cerasus, a city of Cappadocia,
where it was plentiful, and it has ever borne the
same name. The students of nature learn that many
species of its Fauna, and also, though less so, of its Flora,
can be traced to a single spot. Thus the peach, peppoc,

' panne mmpe (read nime) man
tpencij; hunb mancufa golbep -]
gemynerige to mancujan, HID. fol.
21 a. The transcript is not by any
means cotemporary.

2 1 regret I cannot here explain
this fully.

^ Not a Latinism.

* Holen, which is originally an

adjective, Hole5n,HoleSen, and even
now so applied to Holn Wood on
the banks of the Dart, near Ash-
burton. Holej, Holly, is the ori-
ginal substantive, C.E. 437, line
19. The old Latin name is Aqui-
folius : the Ilex was glandiferous,
the evergreen^ oak.

PREFACE. ' xis

Malum Persicum, was from Persia ; there is no other
name for it but " the Persian apple/' For such as these
it was impossible to have any other name ; they were
fruit trees foreign to all but their own countrymen.
The plum is a better sloe ; can be raised only by graft-
ing, for seedlings are found to degenerate; which is
also the case with the pear, having its native equivalent
in the Pirus domestica, of Bewdley Forest. The syca-
more, which has been alleged to prove the Latinism
of the Saxons, is merely a maple. Yet the great
influence which a Latin education, and scarce any in-
struction in old English, has upon ourselves, is trace-
able even among the Saxons : the true signification of
some native names was passing away, and the plants
supposed once to have borne them began to be known
by some Roman denomination. For so common a plant
as mint, seen in every running ditch, on every watery
marge, there seems to be no name but that which is
Hellenic, and Latin. The Germanic races, on the con-
trary, were the original patrons of hemp ' and flax,^
as against wool. It is, however, with their reach over
the material world, and their proficiency in the arts
which turn it to mans convenience, after, and not
before, their arrival in England, that we are now deal-
ing ; and we maintain that a great part of what the
Roman could teach, the Saxons, their successors, had
learnt.

The most cursory examination of the work now Book learning,
before us will show that we are reading of a civiliza-
tion such as the above details would lead us to ex-
pect. Here a leech calmly sits down to compose a
not unlearned book, treating of many serious diseases,
and assigning for them something he hopes will cure
them. In the Preface to the first volume it was ad-

* Vol. I. p. X. note.

^Feminae saepius lineis amictibus utuntur. Tacitus, Germ. 17.

XX

PREFACE.

The maau-
script.

mitted that Saxon leeches fell short of the daring skill of
Hellas, or the wondrous success of the leading medical
men of either branch in London or Paris. Notwith-
standing that this is a learned book, it sometimes sinks
to mere driveling, The author almost always rejects
the Greek recipes, and doctors as an herborist. It
will give any one who has the heart of a man in him
a thrill of horror to compare the Saxon dose of brook-
lime and pennyi'oyal twice a day, for a mother whose
child is dead -within her,^ with the chapter in Celsus
devoted to this subject, in which we read, as in his
inmost soul, an anxious courageous care, and a sense
of responsibility mixed with determination to do his
utmost, which is, even to a reader, agitating.^

The volume consists of two parts ; a treatise on
medicine in two books, with its proper colophon at
the end, and a third of a somewhat more monkish
character. The book itself probably once belonged to
the abbey of Glastonbury, for a catalogue of the books
of that foundation, cited by Wanley,^ contains the entry
" Medicinale Anglicum," which is rightly interpreted,
" Saxonice scriptum ;" and this book, rebound in 1757,
has preserved on one of the fly leaves an old almost
illegible inscription, " Medicinale Anglicum." Search
has been made for any record of the books, Avhich, on
the dissolution of the monasteries, might have found
their way from Glastonbury to the Royal Library, but
in vain.

An earlier, the first, owner is pointed out in the
colophon.^

Bald habet hunc librum, Gild quem conscribere iussit.

' Lb. p. 331.

* Adhibenda curatio est, quce
numerari inter difficillimas potest.
Nam et summam prudentiam mo-
derationemque desiderat, et maxi-

mum periculum affert. Celsus, VII.
xxix.

=* Hickes, Tliesaur. Vol. II. Pra;f.
ad Catalogum.

* P. 298.

PREFACE. XXI

In this doggrel, Bald is the owner of the book ; we
have no right to improve him into iESelbald ; Cild is,
probably, the scribe ; some will contend, the author.
In classical Latin no doubt would exist, conscribere
would at once denote the composing of the work :
but in these later dciys, when millions of foreigners
learnt the Latin language as a means of interchange of
thoughts, occasionally intruding their own "Gothic words,
all such niceties of the ear went for nothing ; Cild
might well be the mere penman. But then the mar-
ginal tokens, and private memoranda, show that the
work so written had passed either through the hands
of the author, which from the use of private marks
is probable, or through those of another leech, who was
able to discover the sources of the authors information.
Bald anywise may have been the author himself

Let us give a few touches to the, as yet, bare outline q[\^_
of the penman Cild. The famous Durham book is a
charming work of ancient Saxon art ; those who cannot
inspect the original may see a copy of a piece of the
ornamentation in the Gospel of St. Matthew, edited
by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, and published by the
Surtees society. According to an entry of a later age
in the book itself, not of doubtful authenticity, this
exquisite piece of pattern work, which is a part of
the writing, was the performance of EadfriS, bishop
of Lindisfarne, who occupied that see from 698 to 721.
It is of Irish tone, and like many other dignitaries this
prelate had, very likely, completed his Christian educa-
tion in the Isle of Saints. Cild was certainly not of the
make and metal of a bishop, for the words " conscribere
" iussit " forbid it ; Dunstan forefend ! It would be
somewhat speculative to say, that in JSTorthumbria,
A.D. 700, the art of writing was at a higher premium
than afterwards. I will not venture to say it, but
proceed upon surer data. One of the poems in the
Exeter book, of uncertain date, but before the end

xxii PREFACE.

of the tenth century, mentions as a valued accomplish-
ment the art of writing in fair characters.^

One can cunningly

word speech write.

w^lfric also himself in a sermon on Midlent Sunday, —
" Oft one seeth fair letters awritten ; then extoUeth he
" the writer and the letters, and wotteth not what they
" mean. He who kenneth the diflference of the letters,
" he extolleth the fairness, and readeth the letters,
" and understandeth what they mean." Tlie honour
remained to beautiful writing, but the writer did not
stalk in so lofty a station. On the top margin of a
page ^ of the Oxford copy of the Herd Book, or Liber
Pastoralis, of King Alfred may be read these words, —

piUimoc ppio ]?uf ob^e bet,

that is, Willimot, lurite thus or hetter. A little further
on,^

ppic ]?uf o^Se bet oS8e ];me hybe poplet,

Write thus or hetter, or hid good hye to thy hide, that
is, get a good hiding. In an Harleian MS.^ there is
a bit of nonsense, but the same idea of a hiding is
uppermost ;

ppit ]?uf o'S^e bet pibe apeg.

seljinseppattap ox ]>u Jjilc ppmjan selppic cilb ;

Write tlius or hetter; ride away; ^Ifiiwrpattafox; thou
wilt siuinge child uElfric. From these marginal
scribblings it is plain that the penman had descended
from his episcopal throne, to be a tipsy drudge, kept
in order by the whip. Gild, " quem Bald conscribere
" iussit," was nearer the whip than the crooked staff.
^^^^- The owner of the book, Bald, may be fairly presumed

to have been a medical practicioner, for to no other

• " Summse^ j-eapolice,
" \>0]\b Cj'ibe jijiican."

C.E.42,14.

2 Fol. 53 a.

3 Fol. 55 b.

' Harl. 55, fol. 4 b.

PREFACE. xxiii

could such a book as this have had, at that time, much
interest. We see then a Saxon leech here at his studies;
the book, in a literary sense, is learned ; in a professional
view not so, for it does not really advance mans know-
ledge of disease or of cures. It may have seemed by
the solemn elaboration of its diagnoses to do so, but I
dare not assert there is real substance in it. Bald,
however, may have got some good out of it, he may
have learned to think, have begun to discriminate, to
take less for granted. Thus we see him in his study,
among his books becoming, for his day, a more ac-
complished physician ; and he speaks with a genuine
philosophs zeal about those his books. " nulla mihi tam
" cara est optima gaza Quam cari libri :" fees and stored
wealth he loved not so well as his precious volumes.
If Bald was at once a physician and a reader of learned
books on therapeutics, his example implies a school of
medicine among the Saxons. And the volume itself
bears out the presumption. We read in two cases ^ that
" Oxa taught this leechdom ;" in another ^ that " Dun
" taught it ;" in another " some teach us ;" ^ in another
an impossible prescription being quoted ;^ the author, or
possibly Cild, the reedsman, indulges in a little facetious
comment, that compliance was not easy. I assume that
Oxa and Dun were natives, either of this country or
of some land inhabited by a kindred people. Any way,
we make out, undoubtedly, a bookish study of medicine;
the Saxon writers, who directly from the Greek, or
through the medium of a Latin translation studied
Trallianus, Paulus of ^gina, and Philagrios, were men
of learning not contemptible, in letters, that is, not to
say in pathology. Some of the simpler treatment is
reasonable enough ; the cure of hair lip^ contains a true

> Lb. p. 120.
2 Lb. p. 292.
^Lb. p. 114.

* Ibid.

* Lb. L xiii.

xxiv PREFACE.

element; the application of vinegar with prussic acid^ for
head ache is practical ; the great fondness for elecampane,
Inula lieleniiiin, is parallel to the frequent employment,
at the present day, of Arnica. But it would be vain to
defend the prescriptions, some are altogether blunders,
and the fashion of medical treatment changes so much
that the prescriptions of Meade and Radcliffe are now-
condemned as absurd. It suffices that Saxon leeches
endeavoured by searching the medical records of foreign
languages to qualify themselves for their profession.

Age. The character of the writing fixes, as far as I venture

on an opinion, this copy of the work to the former half
of the tenth century ; some learned in MSS., who have
favoured me v/ith an opinion, say the latter half, 960
to 980. My own judgment is chiefly based upon com-
parison with books we know to have been written about
900.

KingiElfred. The inquisitiveness of men at that period about the
methods in medicine pursued in foreign countries is
illustrated by the very curious and interesting citation
from Helias, patriarch of Jerusalem.^ The account given
has strong marks of genuineness. We will assume that
King iElfred had sent to Jerusalem requesting from
the patriarch some good recipes ; for it would be not
in the manner of mens ordinary dealings for the head
of the church in the Holy Land to obtrude upon a
distant king any drugs or advice of the kind. He
returns then a recommendation of scamony, which is the
juice of a Syrian convolvulus, of gutta ammoniaca, a
sort of liquid volatile salts, of spices, of gum dragon,
of aloes, of galbanum, of balsam, of petroleum, of the
famous Greek compound preparation called S>jpajt»j, and
of the magic virtues of alabaster.^ These drugs are good
in themselves, and such as a resident in Syria would
naturally recommend to others. The present author

> Lb. I. i. 10 and 12. I » On the Phoenician origin of this

2 Lb. p. 290. I -(vord, see SSpp. p. 285.

PREFACE.

XXV

drew his information, we may fairly suppose, from that
handbook which tlie king himself kept, in which were
entered '• flowers, culled from what masters soever,"
" without method/'^ "according as opportunity^- arose/'
and which at length grew to the size of a psalter; whence
also most likely came in due time the voj^age of 0th-
here. It is very much the custom of the jiresent swarm
of critics to drag up every old author to their modern
standard of truth, to peer into dates, to sift, and weigh,
and measure, and in short, to put an old tale teller into
the witness box of a modern court of justice, and there
teaze and browbeat him because they cannot half under-
stand his simple talk, nor apprehend how small mat-
ters, in a truthful story, the exact day of the week
and the twentieth part of a mile become. When one
writer of the Middle Ages copies another there com-
monly arises a want of clearness in marking the tran-
sitions from the text of the old author to the words
of him who cites him. But in this case all seems smooth ;
the man named was patriarch of Jerusalem ; he was
contemporaneous with King Alfred, and the drugs he
recommended were sold in the Syrian drug shops, or
apothek^. I am, therefore, well pleased to claim for
this volume the publication in type of a new fact
about the inquiring watchfulness of that illustrious
ruler.

Thus, Oxa, Dun, perhaps some others of the same Many sources,
sort, and Helias, patriarch of Jerusalem, are sources
of some of the teaching in this book. To these we
may add a mixture of the Hibernian,'- and of the
Scandinavian.^ Some of the recipes occur again in the
Lacnunga and in Plinius Valerianus, who, from his
motion* of the physician Constantinus, was later than

' Flosculos undecunque collectos
a quibuslibet magitris, et in corpore
unius libelli, mixiim quamvis, sicut
tunc suppetebat recligerc,Asser. p. 57.

- Lb. p. 10, 1, xlv. .5.
3 Lb. L xlvi., J. Ixx. Ixxi., IIL
Iviii.

•Fol. 14 b. 1.5 a.

XXVI PREFACE.

this work. Larsfe extracts and selections are made
from the Greek writers. It is not to be expected that
many will soon travel over the field of research which
the present edition required, and it will be but fair to
those who are examining the facts, to present them with,
at least one passage as a specimen.

Hep] Xvyi/.Sv. 'O \vyf/.o<; ylvtrai v; Zia. irX'/j pec a- ii/^ '/j 5*a Kevuo'iv, '/j
^pt[A,euv y^vjAuv ^aKvovroiv tov (TTOjWaj^ov. dii/ e'ji^efievTwy navercci. 'KOAA.ot Se
Kot TO ^icc rZv Tpiuv neitepeuv /aovov Xa/3ovTe?, iav evOeat; iirnvici)(7iv
olvov Xvtfivcnv. oti Se /cat iiacjiOeipovTei; Tjve? rpo(priv Xv'CiOvutv ruv
yivuaKOfjiiveov io-Ti. kou piyuaravTeq Ze itoXXo) Xv^oticrjy. tjOteTov f^ev ovv
evp'/i<ro[A€v ainapKii; ia/xa tSv Sta ttX^So^ vj S^gtv Xv^ovrav. OepyMciacv
8e Tuv Ztcc, ^pv^iv. orav te ^tito wXy^pwerew? iiypuv yeuyjrai Xvy[j.oi;,
^ixia(; ZeTrai Kiviaeuq. toZto Se o TnapiAoi; ipyaX^eTui. tovi; 8e iiu
K€i/uer€i XvyfAOvq ovk Icctooi iirccpjj.oq. AtZovcci Se t&^j Xv'^ova'iv Tir^yavov
[a€t' ctvov vj vixpov eV i^eXiKpaiaj vj o"eo"£?it '/j OavKOV vj kv[a,iv(iV vj
"^lyytSep v; KaXa.i/.ii/O'rjv vj vdpCiov KeXriK-^v. TOvTce, tuv ewt Ziac^Oopa
aniuv 75 iiii ^pv^ea-iv ')} eVi itXyjpuuei /So'jj^vjjMaTa. To7q 8e viio ntX-^Oovi;
Xv'^ov(7ty iiii xf/vy^^polq koi yXi<Ty^poii y^vfAoT^; Kacnopiov Tpiu^oXov S/Soii

Ttiveiv S' o^vKodrov, k.t.X. Paulus -^gin. lib. ii. cap. 56.

Translation.
Of hiccupings. Hiccup comes on either by reason of re-
pletion, or of emptiness, or of austere juices biting upon tlie
stomach, and when these are vomited forth it ceases. Many
also by only taking the medicine called " by the three
" peppers," if immediately on that they swallow wine, hiccup.
It is also a recognized fact, that some turning their food sour,
hiccup ; and many also hiccup after shivering. We shall find
then that a vomit is a sufficient cure for those who liiccui^
from repletion or irritation ; and the application of warmth
for those that do so from chill. But when the hiccup comes
on by fulness of moistures, it needs a violent evacuation ;
and this sneezing produces ; but sneezing does not cure the
hiccups which depend on emptiness. Give the sufferer from
hiccup rue with wine, or nitre in sweetened wine, or seseli, or
carrot, or cummin, or ginger, or calamintha, or Keltic valerian.
These arc proper for the cases in which food turns sour on
the stomach, or for chill, or for emptiness. But for those that
suffi^r by repletion Avith cold and viscid humours, give cas-
toreum, three obols worth, and to drink some oxymel, etc.

PREFACE.

XXVll

This is to be compared with Lb. I. xviii. The cor-
respondence is so close as to leave no doubt but that
the work before us drew from Paulus, or from one
of the Greek authors, from whom he compiled his
work. The number of passages the Saxon thus draws
from the Greek is great ; they would make perhaps one
fourth of the first two books, and the question of course
occurs strongly to the mind whether they came direct
from the study of Greek manuscripts.

At first sight a passage ^ which says that the ficus Internal
in the eyes is called *' on Iseben" chymosis, may seem *^^''^°^°°^'
to resolve the question as that this author copied Latin
works. So it may have been ; but the place is not
conclusive, those words may come from Oxa, Dun, or
other writers of the native school of medicine ; or Iseben,
leben, may be used as it often is in a loose sense for
language,^ foreign language. It is not at this point,
that it will repay our trouble to stay for consideration :
we shall much more profitably form an opinion whether
the Saxon leeches in general had access to the sense
of the Greek authors, than whether in particular the
author of these books knew anytliing of them. If the
best men among our leeches of the tenth century could
avail themselves of what Paulus of /Egina, Alexander
of Tralles, and Philagrios wrote, that will suffice to
raise our estimate of that day into approbation.

M. Brecliillet Jourdain ^ has shewn that in those Greek
early days, before the invention of printing, the wise beaming,
men of the middle ages possessed Latin translations of
Aristoteles. There was therefore no reason for their not
possessing other authors. Some am.ong them were able
to translate, some to speak Greek. The Byzantine
authors in our own hands come down to a late date.

' Lb. p. 38.

- Ealle his rpjieca'S an lyben,
Genesis xi. 6.

' Recherches critiques sur Page
et origine des traductions Latines.
d'Aristote. Paris. 1819.

XXVI] 1

PREFACE.

Now if an Italian or a Frenchman could acquire Greek,
and translate into Latin, a Saxon might do the same.
Beda' tells of Theodorus the archbishop, and abbot
Hadrianus, that they collected pupils, taught them ver-
sification, astronomy, and the ecclesiastical arithmetic
of the computus, and some remained while Beda wrote
who were acquainted with the Greek and Latin lan-
sruaeres as well as with their own.^ Further on ^ Beda
gives an example of one of these disciples, Albinus,
who understood Latin not less than his own language,
English, with not a little Greek. Of Tobias, bishop of
Rochester, another of these pupils, he saj^s * that he
knew the Greek and Latin languages as familiarly as
his own.

King /Elfred and .zElfric both lament the decay of
learning consequent upon the invasions of the Danes.
Of the works translated from the Latin, by order of
Alfred and by his confidential servants or by himself,
some are, in scattered passages, turned rather literally
than correctly ; some are executed with great spirit, and
even improved in the version. ^Elfric himself is a very
pleasing translator, he kept his own faculties alive in
the execution of his tasks ; thus he translates dactyli,
dates, as finger apples, plainly shewing that Greek words
were known to him ; it is also striking to find him cor-
recting Bedas error, "lutr?e,"^ otters, the quadrupeds
out of the sea, which came and warmed St. Cu"Sberhts
feet with their breath, into " seals." ^

I have shown, by the curious pieces published in the
preface to the first volume of the Leechdoms, that in

• Beda, Hist. Eccl. IV. ii.

* Latinam Grcccamque linguam
aeque ut propriam in qua nati sunt
norunt. The Saxon interpreter
gives a full emphasis to seque ut ;
that ■will bear softening down in this
late Latin.

^ Beda, V. xx., p. 209, line 11.

* Beda V. xxiii. Ita Grsecam
quoque cum Latina didicit linguam,
ut tarn notas ac familiares sibi eas,
quam nativitatis suje loquelam
haberet.

* Beda, p. 237.
« Hom. I. 138.

PREFACE. Xxix

a fair practical sense, for tlie purpose they had in view,
pupils in old England receive! instruction in Greek,
and though learning decayed in times of distress, still
there existed some who wished to acquire this know-
ledge, and some who were willing to give it. Some day
the monstrous compounds, and the absurd spellings of
our scientific nomenclature, pretending to be Greek, and
a dozen other weak points of the day on this subject,
will be regarded as proofs of barbarism.

It appears, therefore, that the leeches of the Angles
and Saxons had the means, by personal industry or by
the aid of others, of arriving at a competent knowledge
of the contents of the works of the Greek medical
writers. Here, in this volume, the results are visible.
They keep, for the most part, to the diagnosis and
the theory ; they go back in the prescriptions to the
easier remedies ; for whether in Galenos or others
three was a chapter on the svTrogio-Ta, the "parabilia,"
the resources of country practitioners, and of course,
even now, expensive medicines are not prescribed for
poor patients.

On the margin of the pages are some private marks, I'rivate marks,
such as may be observed on the facsimile page. The
pm'port of these marks is evident at fol. 56 a., chap.
Ixxv., which has something near a H with " totum " ;
again, at Ixxvi. with " totum," at fol. 5Q b., chap. Ixxx.,
the figure in the middle of the facsimile margin with
" uotum," fol. 57 a., top line of Ixxxiii. an I. nearly,
with " corum." These were plainly memoranda secretly
indicating the author from whom the passages so
marked were taken, and " totum " means that the whole
article was taken from that source. The token nearly
an I. occurs at fol. 9 b., at the beginning of ii. ; again
at fol. 31 a., at the end of the folio ; again at I. Ixxxiii.
with " totum " and the Roman numeral xviii. twice ;
again at fol. 94 b., line 8, eye to milre feocum men ;
again at fol. 126 b., to chapter Ixvii. These references
VOL. IT. c

XXX PREFACE.

contain a problem, which, in our imperfect knowledge
of the works of the physicians of the lower empire, is,
it seems, beyond solution. If the prescription of celan-
dine for the eyes, Lb. I. ii. be supposed to have been
derived from Marcellus 272 g., then the other passages
cannot, as far as, after repeated examination I see, be
discovered in that author. A mark which comes near
to F. is set, in the MS., over against the words pi^
eajna mifre, fol. 10 b., line 3, and it does not occur
again ; compare Marcellus 272 b. It adds to the diffi-
culty of the investigation, that recipes became a tradi-
tion passing from one author to another. A cypher
rather differing from H., which I will call h., occurs at
fol. 10 b. at the words 6j:t piS 'Son ilcan cele]?onian :
nearly the same on the same folio, towards the end, at
Gyt finolej'. That this prescription is found in Plinius
Valerianus does not help us. Another like a plummet
line, sometimes as in the facsimile, and at fol. 30 b.
for angnail, with a ring at top, sometimes with a cross
line, as at fol. 30 b., line 4. Tip nsejl fie, is so much
like that called I., that it may be meant for the same
name. There is another like F. reversed, occurring at
ol. 11 a. 6]:t pyj-laj', also at fol. 32 a., towards the
end of the leaf, J^onne Ipu j:yp, at fol. 55 b. as in the
facsimile, twice with a shght difference, at fol 56 b. top
line, with another small variation, at fol. 57 b. at last
line but one ; at fol. 94 a., ejzt jenim ipiep leap ; at fol.
125 b., by the third line of chapter Ixiiii., with these
words, " quia omni potu et omni medicinfe maleficia-
" torum et demoniacoi-um a[d]miscenda est aqua bene-
" dicta, et psalmis et orationibus vacandum est, sicut
" in hoc capitulo plene docetur." At fol 31 b. by the
word eallunja is a mark with a blot, meant probably
for I. At fol. 55 h. jip ]7u pdle, at 55 b., as in fac-
simile, at 56 a., chapter Ixxv. Ixxvi, is a sign like H.,
with legs of varied length, thus running into re-
versed F. At folio 5G b., chapter Ixxxii,, is an orna-

PREFACE. XXXI

mented cross ; this occurs but once. At fol, 94 a., chapter
xli., the mark I. is three times repeated III. The
marginal bimitce, fol. 108 b,, means that the scribe was
gettingf his task done : he was not aware of the ad-
ditional book III. If these signs refer to native treatises,
unknown to us, and now irrecoverable, they go to illus-
trate the existence of an English school of teaching
medicines ; as do the expressions " as leeches ken," not
of rare occurrence.

Besides these marks and signs as given above, we More cypher,

find at fol. 30 b. by the end of the sentence, bo plytan

ro, etc., in chapter xxxiv., some writing in cypher,
thus : —

and again at fol. 89 b., chapter xxxiv., thus : —

■l.fM pJMIf'-

! /-
I

The key to writing of this sort has never been pub-
lished, and now for those who are skilled in such
matters an account of it shall be given,

The letters were divided into groups, and these, of The^iaw of this
course, were at the discretion of every man severally,
as regarded their number and how many letters they
miglit contain. The groups, first, second, third, and so
on were commonly denoted by dots ; the upstrokes
shewed by their number what place in the group each
letter held. Thus, to spell Oxa, if the first gi-oup
began at A, and contained six letters, then the second
would begin at H, and if it contained eight letters,
omitting J as not ancient, then the third gToup would
begin at Q, and might go on, combining U and V, to
the end ; so that Oxa would be thus spelt : —

.'/////// -••//////■/

XXXll PIIEFACE.

and ]Juii would he, thus : —

•//// //////. 7/////

Some of the first letters in the specimens before us
have no dot, and may perhaps be reckoned from the
beginning;, A.

Another method employed a line of dots instead of
upstrokes, so that Oxa appeared, if the groups of
letters remained the same, thus : —

and Dun thus

In his Thesaurus, Hickes and his associate Wanley give
other methods employed by the Saxons, of which a
common one was to employ the next following letter
to that meant, so that Oxa would be Pyb, and Dun,
Evvo. These devices, which have in them something
of the quality of riddles and conundrums, were as
amusing to the idle mind in old times as they are
now. When among the varied accomplishments with
which men are gifted, we read in the Codex Exoniensis,

yum bi]? life lienbij to apjiitanne popb jejij^no,
(hie is cunning handy to awrite ivord mysteries,

we have an allusion to this art of secret writinsr, or
to its kindred riddle puzzles.

There is but little encouragement to unravel these
marginal marks of the Leechbook, since the two speci-
mens afford us but a very scant basis for inductive
reasoning. But, doubtless, when laid before the inqui-
sitive eyes of restless men, they may naturally give
rise to some unhappy conjectures.

Norse clement. Perhaps in dissecting the curious mosaic work of
this Leechbook, we may be as much struck by the
Old Dansk, or as people now sa^'^, Norse element in
the words Torbegete, Rudniolin, 0ns woi'm, and the

PREFACE. xxxiii

herb .Foniots palui, as by its Irish admixture, or its
Greek and Latin basis, or its fran'raents from Kinji"
iElfreds handbook.

The third book of tlie volume is a separate produc- Third book,
tion from the two former. This is evident by the
colophon at the end of the second, declaring who owned,
and who wrote the book, and by the word " dimitte " in
the margin of the last section, indicating the approach
of a close. This other l)Ook, then, is generally of the
same tone as the preceding ; a marginal mark, as men-
tioned above, is the same as stands by the side of some
recipes given earlier, and the monkish habit of saying
some good words over the sick is as ready to show
itself. We may therefore conclude it to be, at least, of
the same age ; possibly by the same hand as the other
two.

On the whole, this work brings into a clear strong light,
the plentiful supply of good English food for the brave
appetites of the AngulSeaxe, the large importation of
foreign wine and ale and plenteous brew of potent homo
beer and ale and mead, the mulled and honeyed drinks
for weaker palates ; the colleges of leechcraft, the Greek
and Latin medical studies of the most eminent teachers,
the wide and far back traceable herboristic traditions,
the far and wide inquiries of King ..Alfred and men
of his time like him, and it will prove every way a
most valuable work to the student of English an-
tiquity.

In the preface to Vol. I. a few pages were devoted
to an examination of some points of grammar ; these
were, of course, to some extent a precaution against
idle cavils and ignorant criticism of the translation.
The same considerations make it desirable to set forth
a few more simple observations and to support them
by examples.

It seems clear enough that the modern system of Long vowels,
marking long vowels by an accent is not in harmony

xxxiv

PREFACE.

with ancient authorities ; a long syllable often gets the
accent, Ijut a short vowel also is frequently found to
take one.^ The manuscripts have a method unexcep-
tionable, and discriminative, of showing that a vowel
is long by writing that vowel twice, and in some words
that mode of spelling prevails now. They give us, oc-
casionally, 300b, good, boom, doom, " aam, cautere,"^
(whence we may conclude that the cognate Oman, will
have O long,^) aac, oal; pus, ^vise,'^ and so forth. The
information contained in this device of our forefathers
has not yet attracted a due share of notice ; for example,
tlie word Si8, a fcdli, deriving itself probably from the
same source as Semita, becomes in the Moesogothic
Sinjj-, and has been supposed to exhibit a vowel
necessarily, as before two consonants, short by nature ;
thus producing a short I in the old English. But Si5
we know to have a long vowel by the spelling SiiS.^
It is not true that a Teutonic or Old English vowel
before two consonants is necessarily short. Some glos-
saries throw the alphabet into confusion for the sake
of giving short A first, then long A. Mislead by
accentual marks, the compilers presume that the prefix
A must be long, whereas the tradition of our language,
as in Afraid, Abroad, Abased, and the short vowel of
the particles which it generally represents, prove that
in those instances it is short. Where A represents An,
one, as in Ajiaeb for Anjiseb, constant, the case may be
different. In the parallel case of Un- the prefix, the
Greek Av-, the Latin In-, the vowel is undoubtedly
short, but in pronunciation it has an accent, as in
Unknown, and it is frequently found accented in the
MSS. Nothing but a notion that the language of

• Vol. I. pp. xciv., xcv.

2 Gl. C.

' See also the Glossary.

•" Beda, .547. 16.

''Beda, 571. 34. See Layamon,

25836, 25837. In Bir, Moritz,
Heyne has marked the vowel long,
rightly. We have also Gesii'S, but
Gesi-S'^as.

PREFACE. XXXV

iElfric and Alfred is dead could encourage a foreigner
to such experiments.

It is said by those who had opportunities of know- Accents,
ing, that the painful accentual system devised by the
late J. M. Kemble was abandoned by him before his
death. It was, indeed, opposed to the elementary laws
of vocalization ; for it is known to all, who have gone
fully into the subject, that a prefix, if accented itself,
affects the accentuation and the vocalization of any
word with which it is compounded. The subject might
be largely illustrated and its essential laws developed
from the Oriental languages ; but I will confine my-
self to that which is now before us. There can be no
reasonable doubt but that 'pilbe, wild, and Deep, deer,
were pronounced with the vowels long, and the ridiculous
theory that a vowel before two consonants is short
by nature, can mislead but few ; it amounts to this,
that we never could say Beast, Least, but must pro-
nounce those words, Best, Lest. These two words pdbe,
Deop, being compounded and formed into one, retained
the accent and full sound on the syllable most impor-
tant to the sense, and may be found in the genitive
singular under the form pilbpey.^ Thus the aflix Deoji
lost its proper accent because a more powerful claim-
ant had become it close neighbour. Another example
is found in pitan, to vepvoacli, which, as appears from
Layamon," had its vowel by nature long. This word
is often compounded with the preposition Mc, which
by defect of grammatical knowledge among the old
penmen commonly appears as eb- ; Layamon ^ exhibits
the compound still retaining the long vowel ; but the
Paris Psalter ^ spells ebpitt:, where, according to the

CE, 258, line 10.
Layamon, 21311.

* Ofte heo heom on smiten,
Ofte heo heom atwiten.

Layamon, 2G584.
' Psalm cxviii. 39.

XXXVl

PREFACE.

Letters.

Genders,

Gorman way of talking, the second t is " inorganic,"
and serves only to mark the shortness of the vowel.
Under this form the word is our Twit.

Enough has been said to show that the length of
the vowels in Saxon English is a very wide subject,
and to justify the postponement of any decisions in
the Glossary.

In our oldest manuscripts jwjin often occurs where
it is the custom to print T. Rejp'S, led, rest, Luj-^,
'pleasure, lust, and a hundred others are examples :
the superlatives end in J^orn, as ^ ag^eley^e mseben,
the very noble maiden, the participles also. In the
Codex Exoniensis the editor removed these features
of antiquity ; they offended him ; and wore not ac-
cording to Rask.^ If any such occur in the present
volume they are preserved ; they are not dialectic,
but archaic.

In genders the glossaries are untrustwortliy ; thus,
the most recent is found, as regards the few words
common to both, much wrong, when compared with
the citations in that at the end of this volume. It
is unsafe to trust compounds with je-, for the gen-
ders of the simples, for Ge- being a form of Con- and
collective, its com])ounds are found to have a tendency
to run into the neuter." Simples cannot always be relied
on for the gender of the compound ; all moderns take
poppyjib for a feminine, after pyj^^, but in a wide scope
of unpublished materials I have always found it neuter.^
Occasionally a new principle comes in, and by attrac-
tion the article agrees with the former element in the
compound, instead of the latter ; hence pserejieebpe

' For example, Gebiej-jaS, Gepel- 1 •' Tja cncoj>holen, Lb. I. xlvii. .3,

Sa'S, p. .358; I'cob', p. 3.57. Ahpe-
ol'eS, p. :r.)7 ; Blse'S, p. .",10.

- Thus Sp)i£ec is feminine, fJe-
I'ppxc, neuter.

perliaps makes kneeholly neuter ;
or else Tpa, is tivo parts. This
remark slioukl have appeared in the
Glossary.

PREFACE. XXXvii

appears as neuter ; Sibpsejic,' feminine. Hence the
Codex Exoniensis prefers to write J? jrlsej'cliojib.-

Numorals admit of a substantive in the sino-ular, so Numerals with
tliat our traditional expressions, Twelvemonth, a Six '' ^'°''" ^'""
foot rule, he weighs Twelve stone, are correct accord-
ing to ancient usage."' Distinction must be drawn be-
tween masculineSj which had a plural in s, and
feminines, as Night in Fortnight, or neuters, as in
Five pound note. Twelve horse power, for these had in
ancient time no s in the plural. Thus xii. mona];,'*
]?pie cuclep;' did not require remark : similarly rpejen
fsetel]" yull ealaS,*"' nijantyne pmreji "j cjwjen mona]?,"
iv. mona]),^ and the MS. reading in Beowulf, 4342,"
may stand.

Examples are not very rare in other works beside Idiomatic
this Leeclibook, when of a set of words under one opposition,
regimen, those that come last in order appear in the
nominative, that is, in no regimen at all. Thus
fopSpepbum Deuj'bebit; j-e Ajicebij'ceop, defuncto Deus-
dedit archieiyiscopo}'^ Fejibe |>a fi^San • -j jejretce
senne mpej'j'eppeoj'C policajipup jehaten • halij peji -j
jfnocop,^^ which would be literally, Deinde 'pTofectus
attulit 'pmshyterii')n, 'policarpus appellatus, vIt sanctus
atque prudens. ba seteopbe j-ebaj-tianup on ypgepne
anjie pubepan • lucma jecijeb ppi^e jepjzsefc man,'- which
would ])e equivalent to, Tvmc apparuU Sehastianus
in somnio viduro cuidam, Lucina nominata, homo
valde ndigiosa. This, when it comes to be acknow-
ledged generally, may be called Idiomatic ap])Osition.

Harsh transitions in pronouns from plurals to sin-
gulars, and back again, are not peculiar to this work ;

' Lb. p. 260, line 1. " OT, 256.

- CE, 373, line 3.
■' So in Gemian.
' Lib. ni. xviii.

' Lb, I. xvi. 2. Tpybsel, Lb. T.
i. 3, viii. 2, is a compound.

Beda, 539. 23.
■* Beda, 564. 13.
■' Thorpe, 4355.
'" Beda, p. 503. line 6,
" MFT. 32 a.

VOT-. Tf. d

XXXVlll PREFACE,

tliey are found in others of an earlier date, bearing
episcopal names for their authors.

I desire again to acknowledge many courtesies and
kindnesses at Cambridge, Oxford, the Corpus Library,
and that of the British Museum.

0. C.

December, 180 4.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

*' Page 60, sect, xviii., line 2. for cican read cilian.

Page 130, sect. Ix., line l.for fealye read j-ealj-e.

Page 1 74, line 24. for momse read momse.

Page 194, line W.for Taen read Tacn.
' Page 210, line 18. >• blobejj read blobej-. ' (^^^i^^■•'' i£B^ $y^-\c^r^ ; «?& a^^^-^^ ye^ia....
' Page 224, sect, xxviii., line \.for ugepjie read uj-ejijie.

Page 292, note 2. add, " they are possibly a corrupt representation of
•' i€pa fioravt]."

Page 324, sect, xxx., line 4. pubupeaxaii is one word.

Page 349, line 29. 07401.

Page 391, glossary, v. IJeaji. Cf. |^elanb gepojic ne sefjuccS monna
aenigum Sajia '5e mimmins can heapne gehealban. (Fragments printed
by Prof. Stephens.) The Wieland work will fad no man, who kennelh
to wield biting Mimming, where the editor reads heapne as hoar.

LEECH BOOK.

VOL. II.

[L^CE BOC.]^

fol. 1 a. .1. L^EE DOMAS - piD eallum untjiymnej-j-um

heapbef "j hpanan ealley je liealfej' heajrbef ece cume •
•j clsepnunja -j fpilmj pi 5 hjium -j jillifejium to heapbej'
heelo • -j liu mon pcyle jebpocenep heapbey tihgean "j
jip 'past bpsejen ut fie. :•

.II. Lsecebomaj' piS eallum tiebejinej'j'um eajena • piS
eajna mifce je ealbey je jeonjep mannep "j hpanan f
cume -j pi]? pile "j piS eajna teapum -j pi8 pemme on
eajum • pi5 repmselum • -j pp mon fupeje pie • pi^
poccef on eajum 'j piS jepijom -j pij? pyjvmum on
eajum -j eajpealpa selcef cynnep.

.ni. Lsecebomaf piS eallum eapena ece -j fape • yip
eapena beape • "j piS ypelpe^ hlyfre • ^ jip pyjimap on
eapan pyn -j pi]? eajiptcjan^ "j jip eajian bynien -j ea]i
pealpe asleep cyimep.
fol. 1 b. .nil. Lsececpseptap pi]? healpjunbe -j hu J7U meaht

jecunman hp?e]?eji hit liealpjunb fie -j f fio abl ip
tpejea cynna oj^ep on ]?am ^eajle o]?ep on ]?8e]ie Spotan
pyptbpenc -j pealp pi}? ]?on • 'j ]n]? ceacena fpyle -j pi^
fpeojico]?e -j jeajlep fpyle.

' See II. xlii. contents. | ' Wanley reads eappicgaj-. The

- This first page of the MS. has I text seems to my eyes to be as I

suffered somewhat fi-om time and use. have given it; picsjan occurs I.

^ This reading makes hlyfc femi • I Ixi, 2.

nine. See the text. '

MS. Reg. 12. I), xvii.

LEECH BOOK.'

i. Leeclidoms against all infii-mlties of the head, and Contents.
whence comes ache of all or of the half" head,^ and
cleansings and swilling against filth and ratten to the
health of the head ; and how one must tend a broken
head, and liov) if the brain be out.

ii. Leechdoms against all tendernesses of the eyes,
against mist of the eyes, either of an old or of a young
man, and whence that comes, and against white spot
and against tears of eyes, and against speck on
eyes, against imminutions, and if a man be blear-
eyed, against pocks on eyes, and against "figs/'* and
against w^orms, or insects; and eye salves of every kind.

iii. Leechdoms against all ache and sore of ears,
against deafness of ears, and against ill hearing, and if
worms be in the ears, and against earwigs, and if the
ears din, and ear salves of every kind.

iv. Leechcrafts against neck ratten,^ and how thou
mayest ascertain whether it be neck ratten, and that
the disease is of two sorts, either in. the jowl or in the
throat, and a wort drink and a salve for that, and for
swellings of the jaws and for quinsy, and for swelling
of the jowl.

' See II. xlii. contents. I ' A disease so called, sties, wisps.

■ Or megrim (piniKpavia). i ' Probably from scrofula.

ijniKpaviov.

A 2

4 LiECE BOC.

.V. Lsecebomaj" 5 if mannej' mu8 ]"a]i jne je tybjieb
"j pi]? jeblejnabpe tunjan mu]> fealj: pi|> ]?oii ilcan.
Pi8 fultim opoSe • III. l?ecebomap.

.VI. Liecebomal" piS toj^psepce • "j ^'ly pypni to]? ete
-j to]>pealpa • ept pi8 ]?ain iipejian ro]? ece -j piS ]7am
ni]jeppan. :•

.VII. Lsecebom jip mon blob lipsece. :•

.VIII. Lsecebomap piS bloBce on -jphtan •j bpip pi]?
j7on ilcan -j pealp ealpa peopep. :•

.vim. Lsecebomap jip men ypne blob op nebbe ept
blobpetena je on to bmbanne je on eape to bonne je
liopfe je men ealpa* X. :•

.X. Lfecebom pi]? jefnote • 'j yip jepoftim.

.XI. Lsecebomap pi]? pajium peolopum. :•

.XII. Lsecebom piS peam^ mu]?e -j piS ceolan fpyle*
fol. 2 a. ]7py Isecebomap. :•

.XIII. Lsecebom pi]? hseppceapbe.

[XIV.] Lsecebom pi]? j-eaban.^ :■

[xv.] Lsecebomap piS lipol'ran hu he mi]"penlice on
man becymS -j hu hip man tilian fcyle ^j pyptbpencaf
pij? hpofran -j jn]? anjbpeofce *j bpyjum hpofcan enb-
lepan C]ise}:tap. :•

[xvi.] .xiiii. Lsecebomaf pi6 bpeof-c psepce • iiii.
cjisepraf.

[xvii.] .XV. Lsecebomap pi]? heoptpsepce • v. cpaep-
taf. :•

[xviii.] .XVI. Lsecebomap pi]? ]?am miclan 5ic]?an -j hu
he cymS op acolobum majan o]?]?e to fpi"Se hatum o^Se
op to micelpe pylle o]?}?e Isepnepj-e o]?]?e op ypelpe
psetan plitenbpe -j hu hif mon tilian pcyle piS selc
]?apa. :•

' In text jjouum, for jiohum. [ - j-ea'San ; text.

LEECH BOOK. T. 5

V. Leechdoms if a mans moutli be sore or made Contents.
tender, and for a blained tongue, a mouth salve for
tlie same. For foul breath ; three leechdoms.

vi. Leechdoms for tooth ache, and if a worm eat the
tooth, and tooth salves. Again for tlie upper tootli
ache and for the nether.

vii. Leechdom if a man break up blood.

viii. Leechdoms for a blotch on the face, and brewit'
for the same, and a salve. Four in all.

ix. Leechdoms if blood run from a mans nose. Again
blood stoppings, either to bind on or to put on the
ear ; either for horse or man. Ten in all.

X. Leechdom for snot and for poses.^

xi. Leechdoms for sore lips.

xii. Leechdom for wry mouth and for swelling of
tlie gullet. Three leechdoms.

xiii. A leechdom for hair lip.

[xiv.] A leechdom for xx6dcuv;c, watery fluctuations.'^

[xv.] Leechdoms against host ;* how it variously
comes on man, and how a man shall treat it ; and
wort drinks for host and for oppression on the chest
and dry cough. Eleven receipts.

[xvi.] xiv. Leechdoms for breast wark.^ Four re-
ceipts.

[xvii.] XV. Leechdoms for heart wark. Five re-
ceipts.

[xviii.] xvi. Leechdoms for the great hicket, and how
it arises from a chilled stomach, or a much too hot
one, or of too much fullness, or of leerness,^ or of evil
wet ' wounding, and how a man shall treat it ; against
each of them.

' The lomeiituin of the Roman
women, a paste of pulse, generally
of lentils ; women used it to im-
prove their complexions, and it was
eatable though unsavoury.

^ See II. xxxix.

' Host, couyh. pronounced with o
short.

• Wark is pain.
" Einpline-is.

- Colds in the head. i ' Humour^

L^CE BOC.

[xix.] .XVII. Lfeceboma)- ]>ij; pla3tan -pejen sejjele. :•
.XX. Lsecebomaj' yip j'culboji psepce • iii. cpreftaf.

.XXI. LaBcebomaf pi^ j^sejie fpiSpan )'iban fape -j Jjsepe
pmefrjian pyx cjiseptaj". :■

.XXII. La3cebomap pi8 lenbenece peopep. :•

.XXIII. Lsecebomaf pi]? ]7eoliece tpejen -j an pi]? ]?on
■^ly ]?eoli plapan.
fol. 2 b. . xxiiii. Lsecebomap pi]? cneop psepce *j jip cneop fap

lie. r.

.XXV. Lseceboma)' pi]> fcancena j-ape -j jip fcancan
popabe fynb o]?]?e o]>ep I'lm peopep cp^eptaf 'j hu mon
fpelcean pcyle. :•

^Eeadfino. .XXVI. LsBcebomaf pp fma pcpmce -j septep J»am fie

pap oSSe fpelle oSSe jip monnep pot ro hommum
fcpimme "j fcpmce "j jip fmo clseppette -j cpacije eallep
peopep cpfepraf. :•

.XXVII. Lsecebomaf pi]? potece o}?]?e o]?pep limep o]?]?e
pota jefpelle pop miclan janje • VI. cpa3p[ta]']. :•

.XXVIII. Lac?eboma]' pi]? ban ece "j pealp "j bpenc }?py
cpseptap }?8ep pynb. :•

.xxviiii. Lsecebomaf jip mannej' jerapa beo]? fape
o]?]?e a}>unbene ]?py cpseptap. :•

.XXX. Lsecebomaf pi}> secelman -j pi]? Son Se men
acale ]?se'c pel op ]?am pottim. :•

.XXXI. Lsecebomap pi}? selcum lieajibum J'lnje o})]?e
fpyle o]?]?e jefpelle -j pi]? selcpe ypelpe fpellenbpe psetan
■j pi]?innan jepyjifmebum jefpelle ]?am ]?e pyp'S op pylle
oSSe op pleje o]?]?e op hpypca^ hpilcum -j pi]> fpiSe
fol. 3 a. pseplicum fpylurn 'j pi]? beabum fpyliim "j pealpse -j

bpencaf -j fpe\>m^e -j bse}? pi}? eallum lichoman fpylum
ealpa Iseceboma tpam Isep ]?piti3. :•

' Text hpicj-ca : read hpicj-a ?

LEECH BOOK. \. 7

[xix.] xvii. Leechdoms against nausea. Two noble Contents.
ones.

XX. Leechdoms against shoulder wark. Three re-
ceipts.

xxi. Leechdoms for sore of the right side and of the
left. Six receipts.

xxii. Leechdoms for loin ache. Four.

xxiii. Leechdoms for thigh ache, two ; and one in
case the thighs be benumbed.^

xxiv. Leechdoms for knee wark, and if the knee be
sore.

XXV. Leechdoms for sore of shanks, and if shanks be
broken, or another limb. Four receipts, and how a man
shall apply splints to it.

xxvi. Leechdoms if a sinew shrink, and after that be
sore or swell, or if a mans foot shram ^ to the hams
and shrink, and if a sinew have pulsation and quake.
In all four receipts.

xxvii. Leechdoms for foot ache or swelling of another
limb or of the feet, by reason of much travel. Six
receipts.

xxviii. Leechdoms for leg ache, and a salve, and a
drink. There are three receipts for it.

xxix. Leechdoms if a mans tools be sore or swollen.
Three receipts.

XXX. Leechdoms against chillblain, and in case that
for a man the skin of the feet be chilly.

xxxi. Leechdoms for every hard thing or swelling
or tumour, and for every evil swelling humour and
tumour purulent within, such as groweth of a fall or
of a blow or of any crick, and for very sudden swellings
and for dead swellings without sensation, and salves
and drinks and swathings and baths for all swellings
of the body. Of all these leechdoms thirty less by two
{tiventy-eight).

' Exactly, incapable of rmiscular ] '■' Be drmvn up.
actiov. I

8 L^CE BOC.

.XXXII. Lsecebomaf picS J;am yj-'lan blaece hu man ]?a
fealjra -j ba})u ^j bpencay pi]; Son pypcean pcyle -j pij;
hpeopum lice *j piS abeabebum lice bpej? "j fealpa pi J?
]jon • btej? -j pealpa "j bpencaf pi)? I^am miclan lice -j
fpile eallep piptyne Isecebomaf.

.XXXIII. LEecebomap ^ bjiencaf -j yealpa *j [onjlejua
pi]? fppmje je abeabebum je unbeabebum • viii. cptep-
•caf.

.XXXIV. Lsecebom jip nsejl fy op lianba -j pi]? an^-
nsejle -j pi]? peapjbjiseban. :•

.XXXV. Lsecebomap micle *j sepele be afpeajitebum "j
abeabebum lice "j hpanan fio abl cume *j bu hi]'^ mon
rilian pcyle jTp f lie to ]?on lpi]?e abeabije f ]?8e]i
jepelnep on ne fy • -j liu mon ]? beabe blob apej
penian pcyle • -j jip litm mon Itm opceojipan fcyle oSSe
pyji onpecran hu f mon bon scyle • bjupaj- ^j bpenceaj'
■j pealpa pi]? ]?8e]ie able. :•

. XXXVI. Lsecebomap piS ]?8ejxe able ]?e mon hast cipcul

fol. 3 h. a.bl bpip "j bjiencaf *j pealpa ]>8et ip fpi]?e pjieonu" abl *j

hep pej]? hpilcne mete oJ?]?e bjiincan mon fcyle on

]?8epe able popjan. :•

.XXXVII. LtEcebomap pi]? Son jtp mon ne mseje hip
micjean jehealban -j ]??epe ^epealb naje 'j jip he ^e-
mijan ne mseje *j jip he blobe vai-i^e • -j jlp ptp on ]?on
tebpe fie • Xllll. Isecebomaf :•

.XXXVIII. Lsececpgeptap -j boljpealpa -j bpencaf pi]?
eallum punbum -j clfenfunjura on telce pipan je piS
ealbpe punbe tobpocenpe *j jip ban bpyce on heapobe
fie • "j piS liunbep j'lite • "j boljfealp piS lunjen able -j
pi]? mnan punbe pealp • -j pealp jip ]?u paSe piUe lytle
punbe lacnian -j jtp mon mib ipene jepunbob fie • oJ?J?e
inib tjieope jeplejen • o]?pe inib frane -j ept fealpa jTp

' 111]- refers to lie. | - Read ipecnii.

LEECH BOOK. T

9

xxxii. Leeclidoms against the evil lilotcli, how a man Contents.
shall work salves and baths and drinks against it, and
for a leprous body and for a deadened body, a bath
and salves for them. Baths and salves and drinks for
the mickle body, elephantiasis, and swelling. In all
fifteen loechdoms.

xxxiii. Leeclidoms and drinks and salves and ap-
plications for pustules, either deadened or undeadened.
Eight receipts.

xxxiv. A leechdom if a nail be off a hand, and against
angnails, and against warty eruptions.

XXXV. Leeclidoms mickle and excellent for a swarth-
ened and a deadened body, and whence the disease
Cometh, and how a man shall treat it, if the body be
deadened to that decjree that there be not feelinsf in
it ; and how a man shall wean the dead blood away,
and if it be desired to cut off a limb from the sick
man or apply fire,^ how it shall be performed. Brewits'-
and drinks and salves for the disease.

xxxvi. Leechdoms for the disease which is called
circle addle or shmgles ; brewit and drinks and salves.
This is a very troublesome disease, and here saith
(our book) what meat or drink a man shall in this
disease forego.

xxxvii. Leechdoms in case a man may not retain his
mie,* and have not command of it, and if he may not ^ Urine,
mie, and if he mie blood ; and if a wife (woman) be
tender in that respect. Fourteen leechdoms.

xxxviii. Leechcrafts and wound salves and drinks
for all wounds and all cleansings {discharges) in every
wise, and for an old broken wound, and if there be
bone breach on the head, and for a tear by a dog ;
and a wound salve for disease of the lungs, and
a salve for an inward wound ; and a salve if thou
wilt cure a little wound quickly, and if a man be
wounded with iron, or struck with wood, or with

The cautery.

I - See viii

10 L^CE BOC.

men ym lim oj: lime opaylejen finjeji o]j]7e j:6r o]>\)e
hanb • oSSe j'l}: meaph ' u~e fie "j jij: bolh fulije ealpa
}:]iam pjiuman yeopep 'j J'pi'ciS Iteceboma.

.xxxvilll. Lsecebomaf piS selcep cynnej- omum "j

fol. 4 a. onpeallum -j banco]?um • pi]> ur ablejnebum omum ^j

pi]? omena jebepfce • "j piS omum o]:ep hatum -j piv3

peonbum omum f ly pc • bpencaf "j pealpa pi]? eallum

omum ealpa trpani Itep J'pi'ciS- :•

.XL. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf -j pealpa pi]? poc able ealpa
lyxe. :■

.XLI. Lsecebomap })py 9e]?ele pi]? mnan onpealle "j
omum. :■

.XLii. Lfecebomaf pi]? 'Stepe jeolpan able "j franbse]?
•j pi}? jeal able fio cymiS op )?{epe jeolpan able • fio bi}?
abla picufc abirepaS pe liclioma eall 'j ajeolpa}? fpa
50b jeolo feoluc. :■

.XLiii. Lsecebomaf pi]? p?etep bollan. :•

.XLilil. Lsecebomaf pi'^ cancep able ]>gst: ip bice "j

fmepenej'pa -j j"ealp peopep cpsepca]'. :•

.XLV. Lsecebomaf -j bpencaf pi]? selcum attpe pi^

nsebpan j'leje -j bite 'j plire • -j pi]> ]?on jtp mon attep

3e]?iC5e • "j \)SdY baljan cpifrep ]?e5nej' lohannej- jebeb

-j jealbop "j eac o}?ep fcyctifc jecofc jealbo-^ jehpsej^eji

])i]? selcum attpe • pi]? pleoi;enbum attjie 'j fp3^1e -j

beopum boljum • jip lipa jebpmce pypm on psetepe

fol. 4 b. pij? J'on lsecebomaf • -j pp mon po-^bopen fie callep •

XX. cjisepta piS attpe. :•

.XLVI. Lsecebomaf jip ana pypm on men peaxe fealp
bpenc -j clam pij? ]?on • v. lsecebomaf J?8ep fint. :•

' meah, MS.

LEECH BOOK. T. 11

stone ; and further salves if for a man a limb be Coxtexts.
struck off from a limb, finger or foot or hand, or if
the marrow be out, and if a wound get foul. Of all
from the beginning four and thirty leeclidoms.

xxxix. Leechdoms against erysipelas of every kind
and fellons, and bone diseases, for erysipelatous affec-
tions accompanied by external blains, and for the
bursting of erysipelatous cysts, and for excessively hot
erysipelatous attacks, and for running erysipelas, that
is the disease called "fig.' Drinks and salves for all
sorts of erysipelatous affections. Thirty less by two.

xl. Leechdoms and drinks and salves for pock disease.
In all six.

xli. Three excellent leechdoms for inward tubercles
and erysipelas.

xlii, Leechdoms for the yellow disease,* and a stone ''•T^''i""'l'<^f-
bath,* and for the gall disease which cometh of the
yellow disease. This is of diseases the most powerful,
the body becometh quite bitter and turnetli yellow, as
good yellow silk.

xliii. Leechdoms for dropsy.

xliv. Leechdoms for the disease cancer, that is, " bite,"
and smearings and a salve. Four receipts.

xlv. Leechdoms and drinks against every poison,
against stroke and bite and rend of snake ; and in
case a man swallow poison, and a prayer of the holy
thane of Christ, lohannes, and an incantation and
also another Scottish approved incantation, in Gaelic
or Erse, either of them against eveiy poison, against
flying poison and swelling and deep gashes. If any
one drink a worm^ in water, leechdoms against that ;
and if a man be tied with a magic knot. In all
twenty receipts against poison.

xlvi. Leechdoms if King 0ns worm wax on a man,
a salve, a drink, and a plaster for that. There are five
leechdoms of it.

* A stone bath was a vapour bath, water being thrown on heated stones.
- Reptile.

12 l.MCE EOC.

.XLVII. Lascebomaf *j bjiencaf -j yealjra pi]? }>eopablum
momjej' cynnej" pa becfcan pi]:* j^eoppypme on pet •
XII. ealpa pi]> peoji ablum. :•

.XLVIII. Lsecebomaf pi]? J^am pyjimum ]?e mnan ejlaS
monnum • "j pi}> pypmum ]7e on cilba mnojje beoj? *j
]>iS cilba mnoS pape ealjia cjifepta • XII. pi]:* J>am. :•

.XLVIIII. L?scebom on funbpon anlipij pi]? ]?am fmalan
pyjime. :■

.L. Lsecebomaf pij> lianb pypmum -j heap pyjimum ^
;^iy I'yjim hanb ete • peaxpealp pi]? hanb pypme fyx
cjiseptap ealpa • nil. pifan. :•

• LI. Lsecebomaf pi]? pyjimum ]?e monnej- pltepc eta]?. :•
.Lil. Lsecebomap tpejen pi]? lufum. :•
.Liii. Lseceboma]' tpeten pi]? fmoeja pypmum. :•
.Lliii. Lpecebomaj' piS pyjimsetum lice -j cpelbehtum. :•

.LV. Lsecebom pi]? aj-lejeniim lice. :•

.LVI, Lfecebomaf pij? aplapentim' lice -j bne]? fealp, :•

.LVii. Lfecebomaf 'j bpencaf ^ j-ealpa pi]? pice. :•

• LVill. Lsecebomaj' to pen pealpe • "j to pen bylum. :•
fol. 5 a. .LViill. Lsecebomaj- pi^S papalifm ]? ij- on enjlipc

lypt abl "j pi]? neujiij-ne ]?piy. :

.LX. Lsecebomaj- pi^ bpyne ^j fealpa • Vlii. ealpa. :•

.LXi. Lsecebomap pi]? liS paepce 'j piS lij?peape *j jip

li]?feap fio^ "j lio]?ole titpypne ealpa cpaepta peopep-

tyne. :•

.LXii. Lrecebomai' pi]? pepepable to haelanne bpencaj*
pi^ j?an • pi}? ]?pibban bsejef psepe -j peop}?an bsejef psepe
•j pi^ ji'lcep bsejel" pepe -j pi]? lencten able f ip pepep *
•j liu man fceal pi]? ]??epe able on liuj-1 bipce pone haljan

' The passage of the text lias i - For fiohe, subjunctive.
arlej;enuin. |

LEECH BOOK. I. 13

xlvii. Leechdoms and drinks and salves lor " dry OoMEMt
diseases " ' of many a kind, the best ones for " dry "
worm on the feet. Twelve in all against " dry "
diseases.

xlviii. Leechdoms for the worms which vex men
inwardly, and against worms which be in the inwards
of children, and children s inwards sore. In all twelve
receipts against them.

xlix. A leechdom, single, separately, against the small
worm.

1. Leechdoms again hand worms and dew worms,
and if a worm eat the head ; a wax salve against the
hand worm. Six receipts ; four sorts in all.

li. Leechdoms against worms which eat mans Hesh.

Hi. Two leechdoms against lice.

liii. Two leechdoms against penetrating worms.

liv. Leechdoms for a worm eaten body and a
mortified.

Iv. A leechdom. for a stricken body.

Ivi. Leechdoms for a paralyzed body, and a bath
salve.

Ivii. Leechdoms and drinks and salves against tlic
disease called " fig."

Iviii. Leechdoms for a wen salve and for wen boils.

lix. Leechdoms for paralysis, that is in English, lyft
addle, and for " neurisn." ^ Three.

Ix. Leechdom for a burn ; and salves. Eight in all.

Ixi. Leechdoms for a pain in the joints, and for the
lubricating secretion at the joints, called^ synovia, and
if the synovia leak and the joint oil run out. Of all
(these) receipts fourteen.

Ixii. Leechdoms for fever, to heal it ; drinks for that ;
against a tertain fever, and a quartan fever, and a
quotidian fever ; and against lent disease, that is
{typhus) fever, and how against the disorder a man

' A sort of dry rot : see the glos- I ' Possibly vevpuv vipfffis ; a kind

sary. Vlapa<Tn6s. \ of irapiXvais.

14 LiECE BOC.

"j ]7one iniclan jobejp naman ppitan --j on J;one bpenc
mib halijpajtjie Spean -j halij jebeb on upan linjan -j
cpebo -j pateji noptep • x. Isecebomap.

.LXIIL LcTScebomap piS peonb j-eocum men bpencaf to
Jpon *j hii moil fcyle mppj-pan -j jebebu -j pealmaf opeji
l^one bjienc j-injan -j op cijucbellum bjimcan • y yip
bjisecfeocum men • "j pij? peben heojite -j pi8 ]7on eal-
lum fax cpseptaj-. :•

.LXilii. L^cebomap pi]? aelcjie leobnunan -j selpfibenne

ol. 5 b. J? !]■ pepejicynnep jealboji 'j bufc -j bpiencap *j pealp -j

jip pto abl netnum fie • -j jip fio abl pypibe mannan

o^Se mape pibe -j pypbe feopon eallep cpsepta. :•

.LXV. Lsecebomaj' ept piS lencten able -j j^apa peopep
jobfpellepa naman • *j jeppitu "j jebebu -j fpijenbe
Iceal mon fum ^eppit ppitan • v. cpteptaf. :•

.LXVI. Lsecebomap unjemynbe *j pi]? byfijum. :■

.LXVii, Lsecebomap -j bpencap pi^ jenumenum mete
•j jtp eala pie apepb o]>\>e meolcen mete |;py cp?eptas. :■

.LXViii. Lsecebomap pi]> ]7on jip liunta jebite man-
nan f fpiSjie o]?pe^ naman janjelpeppa pex bujenbe
cpseptas.

.LXVIIII. Ljecebomap pi]? pebe hunbep plite ^ yi^
liiinbe]- bolje • VII. Isecebomaj-. :•

.LXX. Lsecebomaj* jip mon fie to pjisene o]>])e to
unppsene. :

.Lxxi. Lseceboma)- pij? jiseje peofau fajie -j jip lioh
fmo popob pie, :•

.LXXI. Lsecebomap on lipilce tib blob pie to pojijanne

fol. 6 a. on hpilce to poplsetenne -j hu fie attpej- pul fio

lypt on hlapm^eppe tih • -j be bpenctim -j utpojium

on ]?am monj^e -j ■JJte pypta on J)am monSe fmb to

pyjicanne. :•

' C!ompare the chapter, and read ^ ij- i'yi^]^: -j oJ?e]i.

LEECH BOOK. I. 15

shall write vipoii the eucharistic paton the holy and Contunts.
the great name of God, and wasli it witli lioly water in
to the drink, and sing a holy prayer over it and the
Credo and the Paternoster. Ten leechdoms.

Ixiii. Leechdoms for a fiendsick man {or demoniac),
drinks for that, and how a man shall sing masses and
prayers and psalms over the drink, and drink out of
church bells, and for a lunatic man, and for the wood
heart or frenzy, and for them all ; six receipts.

Ixiv. Leechdoms against every pagan charm and for
a man with elvish tricks ; that is to say, an enchant-
ment for a sort of fever, and powder and drinks and
salve, and if the disease be on neat cattle ; and if the
disease harm a man, or if a mare ride him and hurt
him. In aU seven crafts.

Ixv. Leechdoms again for typhus, and the names of
the four gospellers and writings and prayers ; and in
silence shall one write some writing. Five receipts.

ixvi. Leechdoms for- the idiot and the silly.

Ixvii. Leechdoms and drinks for meat taken, and if
ale be spoilt or milken food. Three receipts.

Ixviii. Leechdoms in case a hunting spider^ bite a
man, that is, the stronger sort, and if another by name
gangweaver,^ bite Jdm. Six capital receipts.

Ixix. Leechdoms for a rent of a mad dog and for
wound of hound. Seven leechdoms,

Ixx. Leechdoms if a man be too lustful or too un-
lustful.

Ixxi. Leechdoms for sore of the dorsal muscles, and
if the heel sinew be broken.

Ixxii. Leechdoms declaring at what time blood is to
be foregone, and at what to be let ; and how the air
is full of venom at Lammas'^ time, and of drinks and
evacuations on that month, and that worts on that
month are to be worked.

' Now Salticus scenicus. Aranea | - Aranea viatica.
venatoria is American. But here ^ August 1.

the tarantula was meaut.

16 L/ECE BOC.

Romane -j eall luS yolc pojihron htm eopJ> 1ml" pi8
|?8epe uiil3''}:ce • -j hu mon pcyle blobl?efe on jjsejia j-ex
pijra selcon on J^pej- monan elho popjan on l^pit^jum'
nihta -j hponne betfc to la^tanne • 'j jip blob bolj
yjrelije • "j jip J?u pille on fnibe blob p ojilsetan oJ>]je on
cBbpe . o^^e jip J»u ne mseje blob bolj appi]?an • o]>]>e
^ly })u ne mseje jeotenb eebpe appiSan o5Se jip mon
on fmpe beplea a^t blobl?etan. :•

,j .LXXIII. Lsecebom jip men hpilc Inn cme, :•

.LXXllii. Lsecebom pi5 peajitum -j peappum on lime. :•

.Lxxv. Lsecebom pi}? pcujipebum naejle. :•

• LXXYI. Lsecebom piS jicj^an. :•

.LXXVii. Lsecebom jip |?n pille f ypel Ipyle -j jetepno

psere ut bejifce. :•

.LXXVIll. Lsecebom jip men unlnfc lie jetenje. :•

.LXXVIIII. Lsecebom jip mon on lanjiim peje teojnje. :•

foi. 6 b. .Lxxx. Lsecebom pi6 ];on ]?e mon lime popbjimce. :■

.Lxxxi. Lsecebom piS miclum cyle. :•

. Lxxxii. Lsecebom -^ip men fie psepmja to micel psecEO

jetenje.

.Lxxxili. Lgecebom to mannep ftemne.
.Lxxxilil. Lsecebom piS ];on jip mon j^unj ete.

.LXXXV. Lsecebom piS )7on ]?e mon punbije piS hif
peonb to 5epeolitaime.

.'XXXVI. Lsecebom pi]? miclum janje opep lanb J>y
Ivey he teopije. :•

.Lxxxvii. Ltecebom jip mannep peax pealle fealp pi]?
]?on "j jtp man calu fie.

.Lxxxvili. Lsecebomaf pi]? hojipep hjieople -j jip hopf
^eallebe fie • -j jip hopf fie opfcoten o]>]>e o]>e]\ neat.

' h)iicij;um was written ; now partly erased.

LEECH EOOK. T. 17

The Romans and all the people of the south Contents.
wrought for themselves houses of earth against the ill
air ; and how a man shall forego bloodletting on each
of the six fives ^ of the moons age in the thirty nights,
and when best to let blood, and if the incision for
bloodletting take an ill turn, and if thou will let
blood on an incision or on a vein, or if thou may not
staunch the bleeding incision, or if thou may not bind
up the flowing vein, or if one, in bloodletting, cut
down on a sinew.

Ixxiii. A leechdom if any limb of a man be chapped.

Ixxiv. A leechdom against warts and callosities on a
limb.

Ixxv. A leechdom for a scurfy nail.

Ixxvi. A leechdom for itch.

Ixxvii. A leechdom if thou will that an ill swelling
and the venomous humour should burst out.

Ixxviii. A leechdom if loss of appetite befall a man.

Ixxix. A leechdom if a man tire on a long journey.

Ixxx. A leechdom in case a man overdrink himself.

Ixxxi. A leechdom against much cold.

Ixxxii. A leechdom if suddenly too much watching
befall a man.

Ixxxiii. A leechdom for a mans voice.

Ixxxiv. A leechdom in case a man eat something-
poisonous.

Ixxxv. A leechdom in case a man try to fight with
his enemy.

Ixxxvi. A leechdom for much travel over land lest
he tire.

Ixxxvii. A leechdom if a mans hair fall oft', a salve
for that, and if a man be bald.

Ixxxviii. Leechdom for swelled legs in a horse, and
if a horse be galled, and if a horse or other neat
cattle be elf shot.

' Though a sidereal revolution of I the moon often attains the thirtieth
the moon be but 27*321 days, yet | day of her age.

VOL. II. B

18 LiECE BOC.

Alex. Trail. On ]n]')nim fBjiefran laececjireftum jepjiitene fint Itece-

"^•'" bomai' piS eallum heapbej' untjiymnepj^uni.

ClDuppa hattre pypt jejiiib on moptepe fve penmj

jepeje • bo fceap pulne pmep to pofe fmype Jjonne f
fol. 7 a. heapob mib -j bpiince on nilit neptij. PI'S heapob psepce

Cf. Galen. jentm puban -j pejimob jecnupa 'j menj pi]? eceb -j ele
^o'-^ij;P'^°0'afeoli jniph claS fmipe mib ^ heapob- o^5e clam op
K(ct:a\a\yia. |?am ilcau pjpc leje on ^ heapob 'j befpej^e pel jjonne ]>u

to jiefte pille.

Lacn. 1. pj^ j^Qj^ ilcan jentm betomcan -j pipop je^mb fpi"Se

tojsebepe laet ane niht hanjian on claSe fmipe mib.

» Plinius Vale- pi-S heapob pfepce^- betan pypttpuman jecnupa piS
rianus, de re i < v y ■> ^ n

Medicafol.i4b hunij appmj bo p peap on neb *j onjean lunnan up-

for clearing peapb licje • -j J>8et heapob ho op bune f ye^ peap mseje

J, „ . " f heapob jeonb ypnan • heebbe him sep on mu|7e ele

o])]>e butepan "j ]7onne uplanj afitte hnijie popS laete

plopan op J?am nebbe J7a jilliftpan bo fpa ^elome ojjjjset

hit clsene fie. :•

PI'S heapob psepce jenim hampypt ni)>epeapbe je-
cnupa leje on cealb psetep jnib fpiSe o]>f eall jelej^peb
fie bejpe mib j5 heapob. :•

Lacn. 1. ipip heapob pjepce jemm heah heoloJ?an -j jpunbe

fpeljean -j pencepfan -j jitpipan pel on psetepe Iset
peocan on ];a eajan ]?onne hit hat fie "j ymb ^a eajan
jnib mib Jjsem pyptum fpa hatum. :•

Pi^ heapob ece jemm pealh -j ele bo ahfan ^epypc
J?onne to plypan bo to hymlican "j eopop ]?potan -j
"Sa peaban netlan jecnupa bo J;onne on ]?one plipan

fol. 7 b.

LEECH BOOK. r. 19

1. In these first leechcrafts are written leechdoms for Book I.
all infirmities of the head.

2. A wort has been named mnrra,* rub it in a mortar "" Scaiidix
as much as may make a pennyweight, add to the ooze

a stoup full of wine, then smear the head with that
and let the patient drink this at night fasting. For
head wark, take rue and wormwood, pound them and
mingle with vinegar and oil, strain through a cloth,
smear the head with it ; or work a paste of the same,
lay it on the head and swathe it up well, when thou
will to bed.

3. For the same, take betony and pepper, rub them
thoroughly together, let them hang one night in a
cloth, smear with theon. For head wark, pound some
roots of beet with honey, wring them, apply the juice
to the face, and let the patient lie supine against the
sun, and hang the head adown that the juice may run
all over the head. Let him hold before that in his
mouth oil or butter, and then sit up and lean forward
and let the matter flow off" the face. Let him so do
often till it be clean.

4. For head wark, take the lower part of homewort,'' '• Sempen-iimm
pound it, lay it in cold water, rub it hard till it be ''^^^o''"'"-

all in a lather, bathe the head with it.

5. For head wark, take elecampane ° and groundsel*' '' /«M?a //e/e-
and fen cress ^ and gitrife,^ boil them in water, T^^^QTseneciovul-
them steam upon the eyes, when it is hot, and rubi/ar/s.
about the eyes with the worts, so hot.

6. For head ache, take willow^ and oil, reduce to
ashes, work to a viscid substance, add to this hem-
lock^ and carline^ and the red nettle," pound them,

' Nasturtium officinale. I ■• Conium maculatum.

- Agrostemma githago. ^ Carlina acaulis..

^ Saliz. I " Lamium purpureum.

B 2

20

L^CE BOO.

' HfUKpai'ia.

fol. 8 a.

be];e mib, pij? heajrob ece hunbe]' lieajrob jebsepn Co
alij'an -j fniS ^ lieafob le^e on.

Pi5 heayob psepce jemm ejielafcan jecnua on cealb
poetrep jnib betrpeoh hanbimi -j jecnupa clupjpunj bo
]7sep'co be|;e mib. pi]? heapob ece jenim hopan *j p'Tn
•j eceb ^efpet mib ]iuni;j;e -j fmipe mib. :•

' Pi]? heapob ece jentm bilep blofcman feo5 on ele
fmipe J?a Jjunpanjan mib. -pi}> J?on ilcan jemm heojiocep
liopnep ahpan menj piS eceb -j pofan feap bmb on ■^
pgenje. pij; ]?on ilcan jemm pset; pul jpenpe puban
leapa "j penepep piebep cuclep puhie ^ejnib tojsebepe
bo sejef f hpire to cucleji pulne • f fio pealp pie
|?icce fmipe nub pej^ejie on ]7a liealpe J^e pap ne fie. :•

Pi]> healpep heapbep^ ece jemm J?a peaban netlan
anfcelebe jerpipula menj piS eceb -j fejef p lipite bo
eall tojsebepe fmipe mib. :•

Pi]; healpep heapbep ece laupep cpoppan jetpipula on
eceb mib ele fmype mib \)y J^aet; pen;«;e. :•

Pi^ ];on ilcan ^ernin jiuban peaj' pjiinj on f nsep-
})ypel ];e on J^a papan^ healpe bi8. :■

Pi]? healpep heapbep ece • jemm laujiep cpoppan biifc
•j lenep men^ cojsebejie ^eot; eceb on fmipe mib ];a
papan healpe mib ]7y • o]>])e menje piS p'Tn J>8ep laupep
cpoppan • o]>])e puban fseb jnib on eceb bo beja empela
jnib Son* hneccan mib ]>y.

" Tacnu J^sepe able • fio abl cymS op ypelpe psetan upan
plopenbpe oppe te]?me oJ»]?e op bam • ponne pceal mon a^pefc

' Plinius, XX, 73.
- Galenus, vol. xiv. p. ,".98, ed.
1827.
^ mapan, MS.

* Read «one.
^Alex. Trail, lib.
partly word for word.

i. cap. 12,

LEECH BOOK. I. 21

put tliein then on the viscid stutt', bathe therewith. Book I.
Against head ache ; burn a dogs head ' to ashes, snip ^^* *•
the head ; lay on.

7. For a head wark, talce everlasting,- }jound it in
cold water, rub it between the hands, and pound
cloffing,^ Ji^pply it thereto, bathe therewith. For head
ache, take hove ^ and wine and vinegar ; sweeten with
honey, and smear therewith.

8. For head ache, take blossoms of dill,^ seethe in
oil, smear the temples therewith. For the same, take
ashes of harts horn, mingle with vinegar and juice of
rose, bind on the cheek. For the same, take a vessel
full of leaves of green rue, and a spoon full of mus-
tard seed, rul> together, add the white of an egg, a
spoon full, that the salve may be thick ; smear with a
feather on the side which is not sore.

9. For ache of half the head," take the red nettle
of one stalk, bruise it, mingle with vinegar and the
white of an egg, put all together, anoint therewith.

10. For a half heads ache, bruise in vinegar with
oil the clusters of the laurus, smear the cheek with
that.

11. For the same, take juice of rue, wring on the
nostril which is on the sore side.

12. For a half heads tiche, take dust of the clusters
of laurel, and mustard, mingle them together, pour
vinegar upon them, smear with that the sore side.
Or mix Avith wine the clusters of laurel. Or vubjine
in vinegar the seed of rue,'' put equal quantities of
both, rub the back of the neck with that.

13. Tokens of the disease. The disease cometh of
evil humour flowing'^ or evil vapour, or of both. Then

' That the plant called " hounds- | " Megrim.

head " in Herb. Ixxxviii. is meant, ' ' liuta graveolens.

1 do not think. " I hesitate to believe that njan,

- GnaphuUmn. can mean^'/-o»i beloiv upwards; yet

^ Ranunculus scelenitufi. Alexandros says Kara av/j.-Tradeiw

'- Glcchoma hederacea. rod ffrofj-ix""- U)"an means from

^ Anethum qraoeolens. above.

22 L^CE BOC.

on "Sa able pojiepeapbjie blob Isetan oj: sebjie • sefteji
J)on pceal man pyjit bpenc pellan -j lacnian pijjj^an ]?a
j'ajian fropa • jijr feo abl fie cumen op micelpe liseto
)7onne pceal man mib cealbum Isecebomum lacnian •
jip liio op cealbum Intmjan cym^ • J>onne pceal mon
mib hatum Isecebomum lacnian jehpgej^ejiep pceal mon
nyttian -j mifcian f J>one Kchoman hsele -j eepep msejen
hsebbe • Mm beah f him mon on eape bpype jeplsec-
cebne ele mib o]?pum jobum pyjitum. :•

fol. 8 b. jentm pi]? tobpocenum heapbe betonican jetpipula

•j leje on f heapob upan j^onne pamna^ hio ]?a punbe
-j hselS. Gpc pij> ]?on ilcan ^emm tuncepfan fio j^e pelp
peaxeS -j mon ne psep'S bo In ]?a nofu f pe fcenc maeje
on f heapob 'j pset peap. :•

Pi]? J»on ilcan ept jenim banpypt -j attopla}?an -j
bolhjiunan • -j pubumejice "j bpiinpypt "j betonican • bo
ealle J^a pypta to pyjit bpence 'j menje ]?8eji pi^S J?a
fmalan clipan -j centaupian -j pe^bjiseban • ealpa fpi]7uft
betonican -j jip ^ bpsejen litpije gemm sejep ]3 jeo-
lupe "j menj lythpon^ piS hunij -j apyl Sa punbe • -j
mib acumban befpeSe "j pojilset fpa ];onne • "j ept ymb
jjpy bajap jefp^t ]7a punbe • *j jip pe hala pep]7e pille
habban peabne hpmj ymb ]7a punbe pite ])u J^onne
f ]>n hie ne meaht jehaslan. piS ]7on ilcan jernm
pubupopan *j pubu mepce "j hopan ^j pel on butejian -j

' Lyhjion, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I,

23

shall one first in the early disease let blood from a
vein ; after that shall be administered a wort drink,
and the sore places shall be cm-ed. If the disease be
caused by mickle heat, then shall one cure it with
cold leechdoms ; if it cometh of cold causes, then shall
one cure it with hot leechdoms, of either shall advan-
tage be taken, and they shall be mixed, into a imAxturc
that may heal the body and have an austere efficacy
in it. It is well for him that one should drip for him
in his ear oil made lukewarm with " other " good
worts.

14. For broken head, take betony,' bruise it and lay
it on the head above, then it unites the wound and
healeth it. Again for the same, take garden cress,^
that which waxeth of itself and is not sown,'^ intro-
duce it into the nose^ that the smell and the juice
may get to the head.

15. For the same again, take wallflower'^ and
attorlothe'' and pellitory and wood marche^ and
brownwort^ and betony, form all the worts into a
wort drink, and mix therewith the small cleaver^ and
centaury^'' and waybroad,^^ of all most especially
betony, and if the brain be exposed, take the yolk
of an egg and mix a little with honey and fill the
wound and swathe up with tow, and so let it alone ;
and again after about three days syringe the wound,
and if the hale sound part^~ will have a red ring-
about the wound, know thou then that thou mayest
not heal it. For the same, take woodrofie and wood-

Book I.
Ch. i.

' Betonica officinalis.

- Lepidium sativum.

^ Self sown ; but a garden cress
still.

' "Eppivov, therefore ; but these
were used like cephalic snuff ; and
never for broken head. See Nicolaos
Myreps. xv.

* Cheiranthus cheiri.

" See Herbarium, xlv., to which
assent is not easily given.

' Apium graveolena.

* Scrophularia aquatica: see Herb.
Ivii.

" Galium aparine.

'" Erythrma centaureum.

" Plantago maior.

'- The sense of )e]i|je is doubtful ;
but see glossary.

24i L^CE BOC.

j-eoh ]7Ujih ha3penne ' cla^ bo on ^ heapob Jionne ^anja]?
}?a ban tic.

fol. 9 a. Pi]? Ian5um j-ape |;a3}' heafbe)- o]?]7e Sapa eapena oS8e

=» \>a, MS., but j?apa to]?a J^a^ ]m]ili hoph oSSe ]7uph ynofl tir ateo ^
erase it. y^^ ejle]^ • jefeo}* ceppillan on pserepe pele bpmcan

j7onne aCihS f ]?a yjrelan pietan ut o]?]?e ]7uph muS
o-SSe )7uph nofu. Opt: J)up ]?u pcealc J?a ypelan opfe-
tenan pgetan utabon j^ujih fpatl *j hpaiicean menj pipop
pi]) hpir cpubu fele to ceopanne • 'j pypc him co fpil-
lanne pione jeajl -^ jemin eceb -j pserep -j fenep "j hunij
pyl t058ebepe lifcmn • "j apeoh bonne Isec colian yele
]70nne jelome f jeajl ro fpillanne f he ]7y pel mseje
^ ypel utahpseeean.

Pypc ]>u]' fpihn^e to heapbep clsenfunje jentm ept
lenepep pgebep bsel *j nsepfaebep -j cepfan psebep • fume men
hataS lambep cejij-an -j mejicep fseb -j . XX. pipopcopna •
jefamna eall mib ecebe -j mib hunije • jehget on psetepe
^ -j habbe on muj^e lanje ]7onne ypnS f jiUiftep lit.

•^6pt o})pu fpihnj on I'umepe C£e]ienep jobne bollan pulne •
fol, Ob. "j ecebep mebmicelne -j ypopum hatte pypt hipe leap -j

blofcman menj tojfebepe -j laet ftanban neahtepne *j
on mopjen on cpoccan opeppylle -j fupe plsec "j ]3 jeajl
Ipile "j \)yea htp mnS. * To ]?on ilcan on pmtpa fenepef
bultep cuclep pulne 'j hunijef healpne cuclep jebo on
calic menje J>onne j^ptep ])on pi5 paetep -j htete -j peoh
]7uph Imenne claS -j fpile mi8 f jeajl • septep ]7am
kecebome jelome mib ele IpiUe ])a hpacan. ^ Gpt pi]? lf>on
ilcan jentm mealpan jejnib on phiec pm pele to fpil-
lanne ]3 jeajl. piS tobpoeenum heapbe "j fapum jiube

' haejienne suggests itself.
- seasl below is neuter.
^ Plinius Valerianus, de re Med.,
fol. 14 a.

^ Ibid.

■' Plin. Val., fol. 13 b.

LEECH BOOK. I. 25

marche and liovo, and boil in butter and strain tlirouirli ^^""'^ ^•

. Ch i.

a coloured cloth, apply it to the head, then the bones

come out.

16. For chronic disorder of the head or of the ears
or of the teeth through foulness or through mucus, ex-
tract that which aileth there, seethe chervil in water,
give it to drink, then that drawetli out the evil
humours either through mouth or through nose. Again,
thus thou shalt remove the evil misplaced humours by
spittle and breaking ; mingle pepper with mastic, give
it the 'patient to chew, and work him a gargle to
swill his jowl ; take vinegar and water and mustard
and honey, boil together cleverly, and strain, then let
cool, then give it him frequently to swill his jowl,
that he by that may comfortably break out the ill
Jlegm.

17. AVork thus a swilling or lotion for cleansing of
the head, take again a portion of mustard seed and of
navew seed and of cress seed, some men call it lambs
cress, and of marche seed, and twenty pepper corns,
gather them all with vinegar and with honey, heat
them in water and have them long in the mouth, then
the fiegm runneth out. Again, another swilling in
summer ; mingle together a good bowl full of wine
boiled down with herbs and a moderate one of vine-
gar, and hyssop, so the wort hight, its leaves and
blossoms, and let the mixture stand for a night, and in
the morning boil it over again in a crock (or earthen
pot), and let him sup it lukewarm and swill his jowl
and wash his mouth. For the same in winter, put i]i
a chalice a spoon full of the dust of mustard and
half a spoon full of honey, then after that mingle this
with water, and heat it and strain it through a linen
cloth and swill the jowl with it; after that leechdom
frequently swill the throat with oil. Again for the
same ; take mallows, rub them into lukewarm wine,
give it the 'patient to swill the jowl. For a broken

26 LMCE BOC.

jetjiijzelabu miS pealte -j mib hunije fmijie ^ heajrob
pojiepeajib mib ]7y fe cuj^ej'ta Igecebom bi]? J^am Jje heajrob
pylm -j lap j^popiaS. pi]? J^on ilcan eye jejiiib jiuban
on pm j-ele bpmcan *j gemenj eceb pij> puban -j ele
bpype on f heapob -j fmipe mib.

.1. {read .ii.)

Alex, Trail. Lsecebomaf pij) eajna milbe jenim celej^enian yeap

oy\>e blofcman jemenj piS bopena liuni;^ ^e^o on sepen

fol. 10 a. F^"^ piece lifcum on peapmum jlebum o]>f hit jefoben

fie • ]7ip biS job Isecebom pi]? eajna bimneppe. piJ?

Cf. Marcell. Jjon ilcan ept pilbpe puban jebeappe -j jetpipulabpe
leap • jemenj piS afeopnef humjef em micel fmype
mib ]7a eajan. ]}!]> eajna mifre monije men ]?y Isep
liiopa eajan ]?a able p>popian lociaS on cealb paetep •
•j ]?onne majon pyp jefeon ne pypt f ]?a peon • ac
micel pm jebjiinc -j o))pe jefpette bpmcan 'j mettap •
•j J?a fpipopt pa Se on Saepe upepan pambe jepunia^ -j
ne majon melt an • ac jjsep ypele psetan pypceaS -j
)?icce. Pop "j capel 'j eal ])a ]>e fyn fpa apeji fmb to
fleojanne 'j ^ }>e mon on bebbe basjep uppeapb ne
licje -j cyle -j pmb -j pec -j biij-t • J^aj- J^inj -j Jpifum
jelic selce bseje fce)?]?a'S Jjam eajtim. ^ pi]? eajna mifce
jenim jpenne pmul jebo on psetep .xxx. nihta on
?enne cpoccan ]7one J^e fie jepicob utan jepylle ]?onne
mib pen psetepe • septep jjon apeoppe op ]?one pmul -j
mib J>y psetepe selce bseje ]?peaL ]>a, eajan "j ontyne.

fol. 10 b. -6ft op homena sejjme "j ftieme *j op plsetan cym5

' Cf. Galen, vol. xiv. p. 499, ed. | - Plinius Valerianus, fol. 20 b. for
1827. fourteen lii^es.

LEECH BOOK. I.

27

and sore head ; bruised rue ^ with salt and honey ;
smear the forehead with it, the most approved leech-
dom is this for ]dm whose head hath burning and
paiuful throes. For the same again ; rub rue in wine,
give it to drink to the sufferer, and mingle vinegar
with rue and oil ; drip it on the head and smear
therewith.

Book 1.
Ch. i.

11.

1. Leechdoms for mistiness of the eyes ; take juice or
blossoms of celandine, mingle \vith honey of dumljle-
dores,* introduce it into a brazen vessel, half warm it ^ Melle Attico,
neatly on warm gledes, till it be sodden. This is a
good leechdom for dimness of eyes. For the same,
mingle the juice of wild rue,^ dewy and bruised, mingle
with equally much of filtered honey, smear the eyes
with that. For mistiness of eyes many men, lest their
eyes should suffer the disease, look into cold water
and then are able to see far ; that harmeth not the
vision, but much wine drinking and other sweetened
drinks and meats, and those especially which remain
in the upper region of the wamb and cannot digest,
but there form evil humours and thick ones ; leek and
colewort and all that are so austere are to be avoided,
and care must he had that a man lie not in bed in
day time supine ; and cold and wind and reek and
dust, these things and the like to these every day are
injurious to the eyes. For mistiness of eyes, take green
fennel, put it into water for thirty days in a crock
{or earthen vessel), one that is pitched on the outside,
fill it then with rain water ; after that throw off"
the fennel and with the water every day wash the
eyes and open them. Again, from the vapour and

' The verbs are often suppressed.

- Wild rue is a Hellenism, Tri)ya-

vov &ypiov, Dioskor. iii. 59, op/udfei

Trpus oi/xfi\va>irias, or ruta silvestris;
Plinius, XX. 51. These are pega-
iium harmala.

28 L^CE BOC.

eajna imlr: -j fio yceajipnep *j jfojoj^a ]? be]? pi|? J>on ij*
])\Y tro bonne. pr6 eajna milte jenim cile|7onian j'eapey
cucleji fulne oj^ejine pmolef • jjpibban appotanan j^eapep •
■j hunijep reapep tu cuclep mail menj to jtebejie • "j
|7onne mib pepepe jebo In ]>aj eajan on mopjenne *j
jjonne mibbsej fie • "j ept on a^pen a'pteji |?on ponne f
abjiujob pie -j "cojoten poji ];9Bpe pealpe fceappnej-pe •
jentm pipep meoluc ]>sey ]>e cilb haebbe bo on |>a
eajan. :•

6ft: ?e]7ele cp^pt gennn balpami -j liunijep treajief
em micel jemenj to5a?be]ie -j fmijie mib ]7y.

Gpt piS j;on ilcan cele];onian j-eap "j fepsetep fmijie
mib J)a eajan -j beSe. bi]? ]?onne j-elefc f pu nime
jjsefie cele]7onian peap "j mucjpypte 'j jiuban ealpa em
pela bo liunij to "j balbfamiim ^tp ]?u hsebbe • jebo on
f pset pe ])n hit mseje on mib jepoje jefeoj^an -j nytta
pel ]?£et bet.

^Pi]? eajna mifte gebsepneb j-eait -j jejmben -j yi])
bojiena hunij jemenjeb fmipe mib. :•

fol- 11 a. 2 6 ft pmolep "j pol'an "j jiuban peap "j bojian liunij -j

ticceiiep jeallan tojtebepe j^emenjeb fmijie mib Jni
eajan. ''Gft jpene cellenbpe jejniben -j pi]) pipej'
meoluc jemenjeb aleje opeji ]7a eajan. :•

» Med.de Quad. a^Qy-c hapaii jeallaii jenirae '-j Imijie mib. :•

'' Marcellus, '* 6pt cpice^ pme pmclan ^ebtejinbe to ahpan "j ]>a

-'^' ^- alipan jemenje piS bopena Imnij. :

' Pliu. Val. fol. 20 b. i ^ Por veras our author read

- Plin. Val. fol, 21 b. ! vivas. Or Plinius Valerianus, fol.

- Plin. Valerianus, fol. 19 b. , 21 b, whei'c y/c read " Cochlese
' Also riinius Valerianus, fol. I vivae."

20 b., 21b. I

LEECH ?,00K. T.

29

steam of ill juices and from nausea cometli mist of r,ook l.
eyes, and the sharpness and corrupt lunnour causes that,
against which this is to be done. For mist of eyes,
take of celandines juice a spoon full, another of fennels,
a third of southernwoods juice, and two spoon measures
of the tear of honey (^virgin honey that drops without
"pressure), mingle tliem together, and then with a
feather put soms into the eyes in the morning and
when it be midday*, and again at evening after that,
when it is dried up and spent; for sharpness of the
salve, take milk of a woman who hath a child, apply
it to the eyes.

2. Again, a noble craft. Take equal ({uantities of-
balsam and of virgin honey, mix together and smear
with that.

3. Again for the same, juice of celandine and sea Cf. Nicol.
water ; smear and bathe the eyes therewith. It is then xx^xvni i '>'>
most advisable that thou take juice of the celandine from an older
and of mugwort^ and of rue, of all equal quantities, add ^" "''•P*''' ^^P^-
honey to it, and balsam, if thou have it, put it then

into such a vessel that thou may seethe it with glue-
aud make use of it. It does much good.

4. For mist of eyes, salt burnt and rubbed fine and
mixed with dumbledores honey f smear therewith.

5. Again, juice of fennel and of rose and of rue, and
dumbledores honey,^ and kids gall, mixed together ;
smear the eyes with this. Again, lay upon the eyes
green coriander rubbed fine and mixed with womans
milk.

6. Again, let him take a liares gall and smear with it.

7. Again, live perriwinkles burnt to ashes ; and let
liim mix the ashes with dumbledores^ honey.

' Artemisia vulyarlf;.

- Or some cement ; the original
author perhaps meant a covered
vessel sealed up with cement.

^ Doubtless from " melle Attico,"
read as melle attaci ; the dumble-
dore is apis bomhinatrix.

30

L^CE BOC.

" Plinius,

xxxii. 24.
Marcellus,
272, g.

' IMarcellus
>72, b.

fol. 11 b.

^Gfx: jiyj-laf ealjia ea fifca on fiinnan jemylce -j
piS huiii;^ jemenjbe fmipe mib.

PiS eajna mifce efc betonican j'eap jebeatenjie mib
liijie pypttjiuman -j appunjenpe -j jeappan peap -j cele-
]?onian em micel ealjia menj trojsebejie bo on eaje.
''6pt pmolef pypttpum^n jecnuabne jemenj pi's hu-
nijep ]-eap^ feoS Jjonne set; leohtum pyjie lifrelice oj;
liiim^ep ])icneppe • jebo ]7onne on sejiene ampullan -j
]?onne j^eapp pie fmijie mib J)ip robjiip]? ]?a eahmifcaj*
]:>eali ]?e liie J^icce fynb. :•

PiJ? eajna mifce ept celej'oman peap o])]>e ]>ajm blofc-
mena jepjimj "j jemenj piS bopena hunij jebo on sejien
pffit: piece jponne lifcum on peajimum jlebum opj^e on
ahpan o]? f hit jebon pie • f biS anfpilbe lyb pi]? eajena
bimneppe. :•

<= Marcellus,
272, a.

■' Marcellus,
272, c.

Sume jjsep ]*eapep anlipijef nyttiab -j J>a eajan raib
J)y fmijiiaS. Pi]? eajena mifce ept eopSipies feap -j
pmolep j'eap ^ebo bejea em pela on ampullan bpije
]?onne on hatjie funnan -j ]?a eajan mnepeapb mib ]>y
fmipe. ^Pi]> eajena mifre ept: eojiSjeallan^ peap ]? ip
hypbepypt fmipe on ]?a eajan fio pyn bi}? ]>y pceapppe •
jip ]?u humj to befc ]? beah • jemm^^ ]?onne ]?8e]ie ilcan
pypte jobne jelm jebo on ceac pulne pmef -j jepeo]?
opnete tep ]?]iy bajaf • -j ]>onne hio jepoben fie appm^
]?a pypt op 'j ]?8ep popep jefpettep mib hunije jebpmc
?elce baeje neaht neptij bollan pulne. :•

^ Cf. Celsus, e Salbep mannep eajan beo]? unfceappfyno }?onne pceal

29* '■ he ]?a eajan peccan mib jnibmjum mib jonjum • mib

jiabum o]>]?e mib ]>y ]?e hme mon bepe o]?]?e on p?ene

pepije • -j hy j-culan nyttian lytlum 'j pophtlictim metum

-j hiopa heapob cemban -j pepmob bpmcan sep ]?on J^e

' " Tantundem mellis optimi de-
spumati " is turned " juice of
honey."

- Cf. Alex. Trail, p. 46, line 31,
ed. 1548.

LEECH ROOK. T. 31

8. Again, the fatty parts of all river fishes melted Book I
in the sun and mingled with honey ; smear with that. ' '" "'

9. For mist of eyes again, juice of betony beaten
with its roots and wrung, and juice of yarrow^ and of
celandine, equally much of all, mingle together, apply
to the eye. Again, mingle pounded root of fennel with
the purest honey, then seethe at a light fire cleverly
to the thickness of honey. Then put it into a brazen
ampulla, and when need be, smear with it, this drive th
away the eye mists, though they be thick.

10. For mist of aj'^es again, wring out juice of celan-
dine or of the blossoms of it, and mingle with
dumbledores honey, put it into a brazen vessel, then
make it lukewarm cleverly on warm gledes, or on
ashes, till it be done. That is a unique medicine for
dimness of eyes.

11. Some avail themselves of the juice singly, and
anoint the eyes with that. For mist of eyes again ;
juice of ground ivy and juice of fennel; set equal
quantities of both in an ampulla, then dry in the hot
sun, and smear the inward part of the eyes with that.
For mist of eyes again, smear earthgalls ^ juice, that
is herdwort,^ on the eyes, the vision will be by it
sharper. If thou addest honey thereto, that is of good
effect. Further take a good bundle of the same wort,
introduce it into a jug full of wine, and seethe three
days in a close vessel; and when it is sodden, wring-
out the wort, and drink of the ooze sweetened with
honey every day, after a nights fasting, a bowl full.

12. The eyes of an old man are not sharp of sight ;
than shall he wake up his eyes with rubbings, with
walkings, with ridings, either so that a man bear
him^ or convey him in a wain. And they shall use
little and careful meats, and comb their heads and

' Achillea millefoliu7n. I ^ In a litter.

ErythrcRa centaureum. I

32 L^CE BOC.

liie mete Jncjean. pay mon j'ceal unj'ceajipfynum fealjre
fol. 12 a. pyjicean ro eaT;um • jeniin pipoji --j ^ebeat: "j fpejlej-

redte^ ^Tsppel -j lipon ]-ea]~a ^ ptn f h\]) job ]-ealp. :•

pi]) miclum eajeee manij man h?ef]) micelne ece

on hif eajura. pypc Mm ]7onne jjiunbe fpeljean -j

Ijij'ceop yy]^^ "j pmol pyl })a pyjita ealle on j'serjie •

meoluc bi5 j-elpe Ifet f peocan on J^a eajan. Gpc

cele|)onian -j pububmbelf^ leap jeacep fupe prS pin

jemenje. :•

Gp- to miclum eajece cpopleac nio];opeapb -j pit-

mpepep pypt nioj^opeapb cnua on pme Ijetr fcanban tpa

" Gr. ap76^a ; iiilit:. pi8 pile'' eajpcalp jeuim bpomef ahl'anc -j boUan

Lat. Albugo. yi^iJQg hatep pmef jeoi: J?jiipa lytlum on hate ]?a ahfan

'■ anfiin, MS. ^ ^^ Jjonne on pejien past oS5e ej^pepen bo liiini;^ef

li])on to -j menj tojsebepe bo on J^sep untpnman man-

nef eajan • -j a];peah ept J?a eajaii on cleenum pylle.

J^i]) pile liajian geallan bo peapmne on ymb tpa nilit

'' Slab, MS. not phhS op ];am ea^um. pi]> plie jemm onpsepe plali'^

' ■ ]> peap -j ppmj ]7uph elaS on p eaje pona jse'S on

])pim bajum op [^ip fio plali bi]? jpene. pij? plie eceb

•j jebsepneb fealt -j bepen mela jemenj tojsebejie bo

on ]5 eaje hapa lanje lipile jjine lianb on. :•

^Readol>l>e p^j^ j-lie eahj'ealp cele];onian I'seb jenmi on pam ^

fol 12 b pypttjmman ;^nib on ealb ptn -j on hunij bo pipop to

l?et fcanban neahtepne be pype nytta Jjonne jju j'lapan

piUe. pi]7 pile oxan plyppan nipepeajibe -j aloji pmbe

pylle on butejian. :•

Xv/xua-is, pi]? ])on Se eajan typen puban feap -j jate jeallan -j

Lippitudo.

Read -binbef.

LEECH BOOK. T. SH

drink ■wormwood before they take food. Then shall Book i,
a salve be wrought for nnsharpsighted eyes ; take
pepper and beat it, and beetle nut^ and a somewhat
of salt, and wine ; that will be a good salve.

13. For much eye ache. Many a man hath mickle
ache in his eyes. Work him then groundsel and
bishopwort^ and fennel, boil all the worts in water,
milk is better, make that throw up a reek on the
eyes. Again, let him mingle with wine celandine and
woodbines leaves and the herh cuckoosour.'^

14. Again, for much eye ache, pound in wine the
nether part of cropleek ^ and the nether part of
Wihtmars wort,^ let it stand two days. For pearl, an
eye salve ; take ashes of broom and a bowl full of hot
wine, pour tlds by a little at a time thrice on the hot
ashes, and put that then into a brass or a copper vessel,
add somewhat of honey and mix together, apply to
the infirm mans eyes, and again wash the eyes in a
clean wyll spring. For pearl on the eye, apply the gall
of a hare, warm, for about two days, it flieth from the
eyes. Against white spot, take an unripe sloe, and
wring the juice of it through a cloth on the eye, soon,
in three days the spot will disappear, if the sloe be
green. Against white spot, mingle together vinegar

and burnt salt^ and barley meal, apply it to the eye, " A substitute
hold thine hand a long while on it. moniaclim'/'

15. For pearl, an eye salve ; take seed of celandine
or the root of it, rub it into old wine and into honey,
add pepper, let it stand for a night by the fire, use it
when thou wilt sleep. Against white spot, boil in
butter the nether part of ox-slip'^ and alder'' rind.

16. In case the eyes be tearful, juice of rue, and

' The evidence, such as it is, for
this rendering will be given in the
glossary.

- Herbar. i. Betonica officinalis.

^ Oxalis Acetosella.

VOL. IL C

Allium sativum, probably.
Cochlearia anylica, perhaps.
Primula veris elatior.
Aliius glutinosa.

34 LiECE BOC.

bopan humj ealjia em yeln. ^tp eajan^ typen heopotey
liopnep alij-an bo on ^efpet ptn. P^J^c eajj'ealjie pij;
psenne jemm cjiopleac -j jajileac bejea em pela jecnupa
pel tofomne jemm ptn -j j:eaji]ief jeallan bejea em
pela jemen^ pi]? |>y leace bo ]7onne on appset Iset fcan-
ban nijon nilit on ]?am appate appmj ]?uph cla]? -j
jehlyttpe pel bo on liojm • 'j ymb mlit bo mib pej^epe
on f eaje fe betfca Irecebom.

ipip penne^ on eajon jentm |?a holan cejifan jebpseb
bo on f eaje fpa he harofr mjeje. :■

yip eajece jepypce htm jjiunbfpeljean *j bifceop pypt
-j beopypt -j pmul pyl ]^a pyjita ealle on psetepe meoluc
hip betepe. :

fol. 13 a. Pij? eajna ece jenim pa, peaban hopan apyl on fujmra

fpatum o|)]?e on fupurn eala5 'j be];e J^a eajan on }>am
ba|je betepe fpa optop. :•

]?\p eajece jenim pijjopmban Tpiju jecnupa apylle
on butepan^ bo on pa, eajan. :•

Pypc eajpealpe jemm hnurcypnla -j hpsete cojin jnib
cojsebepe bo pm to afeoh }»uph claS bo ]7onne on pa,
eajan. pi]? eajna paepce -j ece hpitep hlapej- cpuman
•j pipop -j eceb menj pel leje on cla5 bmb on |;a eajan
nihtepne. puj- mon pceal eajj'ealpe pyjicean • jentm
ftpeapbepian pifan mo]?opeapbe -j pipop jecnupa pel bo
on cla]? bebmb pjefte leje on jefpet ptn l?et jebjieopan
on J)a eajan senne bpopan, Pyjic eajfealpe pububmbej-
leap pubumepce ftpeapbepian pifan fu]?epne pepmob
oxna lyb cele]7onian jecnupa pa pypte fjnSe menj pi J?

• Galen, vol. xii> p. 335, ed. 1826. I '^ TvXos.
Sextus, cap. i. 1, Lat. | ^ The MS. has bicepan.

LEECH BOOK. ]. 35

goats gall and dumbledor(»s honey, of all equal quan- Book I.

titles. If eyes be tearful, add to sweetened wine ashes

of harts horn. Work an eye salve for a wen, take

cropleek and garlic,^ of both equal quantities, pound

them well together, take wine and bullocks gall, of

both equal quantities, mix with the leek, put this

then into a brazen vessel, let it stand nine days in

the brass vessel, wring out through a cloth and clear

it well, put it into a horn, and about night time apply

it with a feather to the eye ; the best leechdom.

17. For a wen^ on the eye, take hollow cress,'"' roast
it, apply it to the eye, as hot as possible.

IS. For eye ache, let him work for himself ground-
sel and bishop wort ^ and beewort^ and fennel, boil all
the worts in water ; milk is better.

19. For ache of eyes, take the red hove,^ boil it in
sour beer or in sour ale, and bathe the eyes in the bath,
the oftener the better.

20. For eye ache, take twigs of withewind,'' pound
them, boil them in butter, apply them to the eyes.

21. Work an eye salve thus; take nut kernels and
wheat grains, rub them together, add wine, strain
through a cloth, then apply to the eyes. For acute
pain and ache of eyes, mingle well crumbs of white
bread and pepper and vinegar, lay this on a cloth,
bind it on the eyes for a night. Thus shall a man
work an eye salve, take the nether part of strawberry
plants and pepper, pound them well, put them on a
cloth, bind them fast, lay them in sweetened wine,
make somebody drop one drop into the eyes. Work
an eye salve thus ; leaves of v/oodbind," woodmarche,"
strawberry plants, southern wormwood,^** green hellebore.

' Allium oleraceum ?
- Wisps or sties are called -wuns
ill Devon.

^ Gentiana campestris.

* In Herb. i. Betonica officinalis.

^ Acorus calamus.

'' Glechoma heeler acea.
' Convolvulus sepium.
'^ Convolvulus.
^ Apium graveolcns.
'" Artemisia ahiotanon.

c2

36 L^CE BOO.

ptn bo on cypepen fset op];e on ?e]ienum fate hajra
Iset franban j'eopon nilic o]>])e ma appinje J'a pypta
fpiSe clsene jebo pipoji on -j jefj^et; fpi];e leohtlice mih

fol. 13 b. liunije bo pi])J>an on hojm -j mib pej^epe bo on ]?a eajan

£enne bpopan. Pyjic eajpealpe bpije • genim fpejlef
seppel -j fpepl cpecipc attjium -j jebsejineb pealr "j pipopep
msepc jejpmb eall to bufce apipc ]?u]ih cla5 bo on
n^epc hsebbe liim on J?y Isep hit J>ine • bo mebmicel
on l^a eajan mib coJ> jape jepefce liim septep "j plape
•j J>onne a}»peah Inj- eajan mib clsene psetpe -j on ]>
psetep locije. pypc eajpealpe cymen -j fcpeapbepjean
pife jecnupa fpiSe pel -j op jeot mib jefpette pme bo
In cypepen pset oSSe on sepen Iset fcanban pela nihta
on appmg jja pypte |?uph claS -j aliluttpa fpi]?e pel bo
ponne on |^a eajan ];onne ])u pille pefran • jip fio

Imminutiones. pealp fie to heaji^ jefpet miS hunije. pi'S sepmselum
jenl^m attpum jemenj piS fpatl ]?a^ eajan ntepeajib
nalgep mnan.

pib aepmselum ni]7epeapb^ sepcj^potu jecopen on mu];e
-j appmjen J^uph claS on eaje jebon punbojilice h?el]7.
]?i]) ])on j>e mon fupeje fie jenim ajjnmonian pelle
fpij^e o]? ]?pibban bsel ];peah jelome ];a eajan mib ]?y.
Pustula. P^]> poece on eajum • jemm pab -j pibban ^ hleomocan

fol. 14 a. pyl on meolce on butepan ip betepe -j pypc bej^mjc •

pyl hleomoc -j jeappan -j pubu ceappiUan on meolcum.

' Heap MS. If any word closely
answering to Gei-m. Ilerbe, Lat.
Acerbus, occurs in Saxon, it has
not met my eyes; the context is onr
guide here. See Gl.

^ fmipe must be supplied.
" mh>ejieapb, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I. 37

celandine, pound the worts much, mingle with wine, Book I.
l)iit into a copper vessel or keep in a brazen vat, let ^^' ""
it stand seven days or more, wring the worts very
clean, add pepper, and sweeten very lightly with honey,
put subsequently into a horn, and with a feather put
one drop into the eyes. Work a dry eye salve thus;
take beetle nut(?) and sulfiir, Greek olusatrum^ and
burnt salt, and of pepper most, grind all to dust, sift
through a cloth, put it on a fawns skin, let him keep
it about himself, lest it get moist. Introduce a small
quantity into the eyes with a tooth pick ; afterwards
let him rest himself and sleep, and then wash his eyes
with clean water, and let him look in the water,
that is, keep his eyes open under ivater. Work eye
salve thus; pound thoroughly cummin and a straw-
berry plant, and souse with sweetened wine, put into
a copper vessel or into a brazen one, let it stand
many nights, wring the wort through a cloth and clear
the liquid thoroughly, then apply to the eyes when
thou may wish to rest ; if the salve be too biting,
sweeten it with honey. For imminution of the eyes,
take olusatrum, mingle with spittle, anoint the eyes
outwardly not inwardly.

22. For imminutions, the nether part of the herb Contraction
ashthroat^ chewed in the mouth and wrung through a " le pupi .
cloth, and applied to the eye, wonderfully healeth. In
case a man be blear eyed, take agrimony, boil it
thoroughl}'- doivn to the third part, wash the eyes
frequently with that. For a pock or pustule in the
eyes, take woad^ and ribwort* and brooklime,^ boil in
milk, in butter is better, and work a fomentation.
Boil brooklime^ and yarrow^ and wood chervil' in
milk.

• Smi/rnium olusatrum.
- In Herb. iv. Verbena officinulia,
but in the gll. Ferula.
^ Isatis tinctoria.

' Plantago lanceolata.
'■" Veronica beccabunga.
'' Achillea millefolium.
' Anthriscus silvestris.

38

LJSCE BOC,

Ficus.

» nTiAoxris.

fol. 14 b.

]?ij> pypmum on eajum jeriim beolonan ffeb jfceab
on jleba • bo tpa bleba pulle pserejief to fete on rpa
healpe -j fite ]?8ep opep bp?eb ];onne f heapob hibeji -^j
jeonb opep f pyp *j J^a bleba eac ]70nne pceaba]? ]?a
pypmaf on j^set psetep. pi]? ]?eopable on eajum J)e
mon ^epijo hset on Iseben hatte cimoSip • hsenne sejej-
jeolocan -j mepcep pseb -j attpum -j tunmintan, Gpr
pi"S jepijon fceapef holifcancan unfobenne tobjiec jebo
];Eet meapli on ]7a eajan. pi]? }>iccum bpseptim'^ jentm
|?peo hanb puUa mucpypCe ]?peo pealtrep • ]?peo papan^
jiylle ]7onne oJ» ^ fie tpaebe bej^ylleb 'psey pofej- healb ]7onne
on cypejienum pate, pam men^ ]?e habbaS ]ncce bpaipaf
jemm cypejien paet bo J^sejion lybcopn 'j pealt jemenj •
jentm cele];onian -j bifceoppypt -j jeacep pujian -j at-
topla]?an -j fpjimjpypt -j enjlifce mojian • -j hpon psebicef
■j hjiepnep pot apaepc J^onne ealle jeot }7onne pm on •
Iset ftanban apeoh ept on f cypejiene pset • Iset ]?onne
ftanban ptptyne nilit -j }pa bepfcan beo]? jobe • hapa ]>e
clcEne pletan bo on f pset ]7e ]>a, bepftan on pyn fpa
pela fpa J^apa plietna ]?8ep on clipian magje • fcpep ])onne
op })am p9Bte f bij? fpiSe 50b pealp Jmm men ])e hsep^
Jjicce bpsepaf, :.

Alex. TraU.,
lib. iii.

.III.

Lsecebomap piS eallum eapena fape -j ece "j piS eap-
ena abeapunje . -j jlp pypmaf on eapan fynb o]>]>e

> See the glossary on.pg ; it is
ffVKTJ, ffiiKoiffis, not x'^M*"''^ ; this is
a misinterpretation of an Hellenic
word.

- Read j-apan.

^ I'arTi, MS. Read \>a. ni.

LEECH BOOK. I.

39

23. For worms ^ in eyes, take seed of henbane/ shed Book I.
it on gledes, add two saucers full of water, set them
on two sides of the man, and let him sit there over
them, jerk the head hither and thither over the fire
and the saucers also, then the worms shed themselves
into the water. For " dry" disease in the eyes, which
is called the disease fig, and in Latin is called x^l^^^^^^s'"^ "No. ^vKwats.
the yolk of a hens egg and seed of marche^ and
olusatrum and garden mint.^ Again for the disease
fig, break to pieces a hock shank unsodden of a sheep,
apply the marrow to the eyes. For thick eyelids, take
three handfuls of mugwort;^ three of salt, three of
soap, boil them till two parts out of three of the
ooze be boiled away, then preserve in a copper vessel.
For him who hath thick eyehds, take a copper vessel,
put therein cathartic seeds and salt there among,
take celandine and bishopwort and cuckoosour and
attorlothe ^ and springwort ' and English carrot, and a
somewhat of radish, and ravens foot,^ then wash them
all, then pour wine on ; let it stand, strain again into
the copper vessel; then let it stand fifteen nights and
the dregs will be good. Have with thee clean curds and
introduce into the vessel on which the dregs are, as
much of the curd as may cleave thereon. Then scrape
the scrapings off" the vessel, that will be a very good
salve for the man who hath thick eyelids.

111.

1. Leech doms for all sore of ears and ache, and for
dea&ess of ears, and if insects are in the ears or an

' Worms are all creeping things,
here insects, acari : Celsus has a
chapter " de pediculis palpebrarum,"
Lib.VI. vi. 15, — " sive etiam vermi-
«' culos (oculi) habeant aut brigan-
" tes qui cilia arare et exulcerare
" Solent." Marcellus, 275, c. Cf.
ibid. f. The disease in Hellenic was
<pdiip'ia(rt.s, and by keen eyes the in-
sects could be seen to move,Actuarios.

- Hyoscyamus niger.
' Apium.
' Mentha saliva.
^ Artemisia vulgaris.
^ Uncertain. See Herb. xlv. vol. I.
Pref. Ivi.

^ Euforbia laOiyris.
^ Ranunculus ficaria.

40

LiECE BOC.

Marcellus,
285, f.

fol. 15 a.

Marcellus,
286, d.

Sextus, cap.
xi. 1. Lat.

eajipicja • ^ jij: eapan bynien • "j eajij^ealpa ptpyne
cji8ej:taf. :•

])i]> eajiena fape "j ece beronican nipan 5e]:'ophte ]>a
leap pelp ^ jecnupa on peapmum pastepe bo hpon 5epo-
fobep elep to • jeriim p fpa placu mib ]nc]\e puUe bpype
on f eape. Gfc pip* pon ilcan jemm ciepan jefeo]? on
ele bpj^De on f eajie Jjone ele. pi]? eappsepce -j piS
beape hunbep tunje -j penminte "j cellenbpe jecnupa on
pm o]>]>e on eala afeoh bo on eajie. ]}!]> ]?on ilcan
^emm haenne ]iypele jemylte -j ]?onne jebo placo on
eape jebpype on. PiJ? |>on ilcan jenim ele • jenim eac
jope pypele jeor on ]7onne ^eyvc f pap apej. :•

PiJ? Jion ilcan jemm beolonan peap jeplece -j J>onne
on eajie jebpyp • ];onne f pap jefcilS. :•

Cf. Marcell
284, e.

Marcellus,
287, d.

Pi]> ]?on ilcan jemm japleac "j cipan -j jope pypele
jemylte "cojgebepe ppmj on eape. :•

prS ]7on ilcan jemni ?emecan sejjiu jetpipula pjunj
on eajie. piS eapena pape jemm jate jeallan bjiype
2S5^^b "^' °^ ^ eape • menj pi6 cu meoltic jip ]7U pille. piS
Cf.Alex.Trall., eapena beape • jentm hjiyj^ejief ^eallan pi]? jaeten hlanb
lib. iii. 1. gemenjeb jebpype jepleceb on f eape. :•

ed. 1548.

yip ]?on ilcan jip eapan piUen abeapian o]>]>e ypel
hlyfc fie • jenim eopopep jeallan peajijiep jeallan •
buccan jeallan jemenj ]n]> liunij ealpa em pela bpype
on j3 eape. :•

Pi]? }7on ilcan jip- ypelne hlyfc hsebbe ipieS peap
|>9ep J)e be eop]?an plihS p clsenofce feap jemen^ pi5
pm bjiype on eape. :•

6pt: jiibban peap -j ^eplecebne ele tojrebepe jemenjeb
bpype on pimboplice htelS. pij? ]?on ilcau jenim pam-

fol. 15 b.

Read j-elye ?

I * Add h]'a, or mon.

LEECH BOOK. 1. 41

earwig, and if the ears din, and ear salves. Fifteen Book i.

• 1 Cli. iii.

receipts.

2. For sore and ache of ears, pound new wrought
betony, the leaves themselves, in warm water, add a
somewhat of rose oil, take that lukewarm with thick
wool, drip it into the ear. Again for the same, take
an onion, seethe it in oil, drip the oil on the ear.
For ear wark and for deafness, pound the herb hounds
tongue^ and fenmint^ and coriander in wine or in ale,
strain it, apply to the ear. For the same, take hen
grease, melt it, and then apply it lukewarm to the
ear, drip it on it. For tlie same, take oil, take also
goose grease, pour into the ear, then the sore departs.

3. For the same, take juice of henbane, make it
lukewarm, and then drip it on the ear ; then the sore
stilleth.

4. For the same, take garlic and onion and goose
fat, melt them together, squeeze them on the ear.

5. For the same, take emmets eggs, crush thetn,
squeeze them on the ear. For sore of ears, take goats
gall, drip it on the ear ; mingle, if thou will, cows milk
with it. For deafness of ears, take neats gall mixed
with goats stale, drip it, when made lukewarm, on the
ear.

6. For the same, if the ears have a tendency to
grow deaf, or if the hearing be ill, take boars gall,
bulls gall, bucks gall, mix equal quantities of all with
honey, drip this on the ear.

7. For the same, if one have ill hearing, mingle juice
of ivy, that which runneth by the earth, the cleanest
juice, with wine ; drip it into the ear.

8. Again, drip into the ear juice of ribwort and oil
made lukewarm, mingled together, it wonderfully
healeth. For the same, take rams gall, with urine of

Cynoglossum officinale. \ - M. silvestris.

42

LiECE BOC.

Cf. Marcell.

284, g.

Cf. Marcell.

285, a.

Marcellus,
282, d.

fol. IC a.

inej' jeallan mib hij' j'elpei" nihtnej'tijej* niijoj^an je-
menje piS butejian jeot; on eape. Gft yip j^on ilcau
hnutbeamej' junbe feap jepleceb bpype on eape. :•

])i\> Son ilcan jenim celenbpan feap jpenpe menj
pi]7 pipep meoluc -j humjep bpopan -j jnnep jeplelit
tofamne. Yi]> eapena abeapunje epr ellencpoppan je-
tjxipulab f feap ppmj on p eajie. Gpt: pi]> J?on ilcan
jen'im eopojiep jeallan • "j peapjief -j buccan menj pi]?
liunij o]?]?e on ele ppmj on eape. :•

Gpt; pib J70n ilcan jentm jpenne sepcenne fcsep leje
on pyp jenim Jjonne f peap pe Inm op jae]? bo on j^a
ilcan pulle pjimj on eape 'j mib ]??epe ilcan pulle poji-
froppa Jjset eape,

PiJ) ]3 lice ept jenim semetan hopf -j cpopleac -j
neoj'opeapbe ellenpmbe o])])e beolonan "j ele jecnupa to
Somne pypme on fcille bo J^onne on eape }?apa peabena
iiemerena hopf* jenim ]7onne psebic -j eceb cnupa to
Somne ppmj on f eape. jip pypmaf on eapan fyn
jentm eop^ ^eallan jpenep feap • o)?|;e hunan peap •
o]>])e pepmobep peap fpilc J^apa an fpa J^u pille jeot f
feap on jp eape f tihS ];one pyjim ut. Pyjic fealpe
jecnupa finpuUan 'j leo|?opypt' *j po-^ je^o ]7onne on
jlaep pset mib ecebe -j ]mph claS appmj bpype on ^
eape. pij? ]?on jip eapan bymen • jenmi ele bo on mib
eopocijpe pulle 'j popbytte f eape mib }>sepe pulle J?onne
]?u jiapan piUe 'j bo ept op J>onne Jju onpsecne. :•

' Read leaj^ojipy]!

LEECH BOOK. I.

43

tJie 'pcitient liimself after a nights fasting, mix with
butter and pour into the ear. Again for the same,
drip into the ear juice of the rind of a nut tree made
lukewarm.

9. For the same, mix with womans milk juice of
green coriander, and a drop of honey and of wine,
warmed together. For deafening of the ears again, try
alder ^ bunches triturated, wring out the juice into the
ear. Again for the same, take boars gall and bullocks
and bucks, mingle with honey or in oil, wring into
the ear.

10. Again for the same, take a green ashen staft',
lay it on the fire, then take the juice that issues from
it, put it on the same wool, wring into the ear, and
stop up the ear with the same wool.

11. For the same, take emmets horses^ and cropleek^
and the lower part of alder rind or henbane and oil,
pound them together, warm in a shell, then introduce
into the ear the red emmets horses ; than take radish
and vinegar, pound them together, and wring into the
ear. If there be insects in ears, take juice of green
earthgall,* or juice of Aorehound, or juice of worm-
wood, whatsoever of these thou mayesb wish, pour
the juice into the ear, that draweth the worm out.
Work a salve thus ; pound sinfulP and latherwort**
and leek, then place theiin in a glass vessel with vine-
gar, and wring througli a cloth, drip the moisture on
the ear. In case that there is a dinning in the ears ;
take oil, apply it with ewes wool, and close up the
ear with the wool, when thou wilt sleep, and remove
it a^ain when thou awakest.

Book I.
Ch. iii.

' Sambucus niyra.

"^ This talk of "emmets horses "
is merely a misunderstanding of the
ImrofivpfiriKes of Aristoteles. Hist.
Anim. viii. 27. The translation hy
Plinius, " formicse pennata;," that
is, male ants, is commonly ac-

cepted as true, of course, but it is
both philologically and physically
unsatisfactory.

^ Allium sativum.

' Erythrcea centaureum.

'■' One of the sedum tribe, or all.

" Saponaria officinalis.

44

LJ5CE BOC.

6pr pi]? j?on ilcan pepmob [^efobenne on pastepe on
nipiim cytele bo op lieopSe Ise'c peccan ]>one fream on
f eape "j popbytte mib ]7a3pe pypte li|?])an hit mjejan
pie. pi]? eappicjan • jentm f micle jpeate pmbel fcpeap
rpyecje ]? on pop]?ium pixS ceop on f eape he bi6 op
pona.

• iiii.

Alex, Trail.,
lib. iv.

fol. 16 b.

Marcellus,
306, a.

Marcellus,
306, b.

Marcellus,
006, b.

IMarcellus,
306, a.

fol. 17 a.

^Lsecebomap pi^ healfjunbe -j J)?ep tracn hp8e]?ep he
hit fie • 'j eac piS jealhfpile "j ]?potan • -j papenbe • pij:"
fpeopcojie • xilll. cpseptaf. :•

Pi]? healpjunbe ]7onne ?epeft onjmne pe healpjunb
pefan fmipe hme pona mib hpy]?epef o}?J?e fpi'Soft mib
oxan jeallan p ip acunnob ymb peapa niht hi8 haL
Tip J>u polbe pitan hpgBj'eji ]3 healp junb fie • jemm
anjeltpasccean jehalne leje on J^a ftope ]>sd\i hit a]?puten
fie "j beppeoh psefte upan mih leaptim • jip hit healp-
junb biS fe pypm pyp'S to eop]?an • jip hit ne bi]? he
bij? jehaL 6pt pij; healp junbe jentm celenbep -j beana
tojsebepe jefobene -j aleje on Sona topepe]?. 6pt la3ce-
bom pi]? ]?on ilcan jemm psetephsepepn jebsepnebne -j
jwnne jejmben fmale -j pij? hunij jemenjeb *j on jebon
Sona biS peh pi]? ]?on ilcan ept jalbanum hatce
fuj>epne ]?ypt leje J>a on Jjone fpeoppsepc • ]?onne atih'S
hio mib ealle ]7a ypelan psetan uc -j ]?one junb.

Pi]? ]7on ilcan ept bepen melo 'j hluttoji pic -j peax •
•j ele menj tofomne feo}) bo cmhtef 6p]>e cilbep mije-
Jjan to to onle^ene bo on ]7one junb. prS healp junbe

' Cf. Galeu, vol. x. p. 881, ed. 1825.

LEECH r.OOK. T. 45

12. Again for the same, try wormwood sodden in Book I.
water in a new kettle, remove it from the hearth, let ^'^" '^'
the steam reek upon the ear, and when the a'pplication^
has gone in, close up the ear with the wort. Against
earwigs, take the mickle great windlestraw^ witli two
edges, which waxeth in highways, chew it into the
ear, he, the insect, will soon be off.

IV.

Leechdoms against a purulent humour in the neck,
and tokens of it, whether it be such, and also for
wellings in the jowl and throat and weasand, and
against quinsy. Fourteen receipts.

2, Against a purulence^'^ in the neck, when first the " Struma, Mar-
neck ratten begins to exist, smear it soon with gall of ^^''^"^•

a beeve, or best of an ox ; it is a tried remedy ; in a

few nights he will be whole. If thou wouldst know

whether it be neck purulence,^ take an earthworm '' A strumou.';

entire, lay it on the place where the annoyance is, and

wrap up fast above with leaves ; if it be neck ratten

the worm tm'neth to earth, if it be not, he, the

patient, will be whole. Again for neck ratten, take

coriander and beans sodden together, and lay on, soon

it removes the disease. Again, a leechdom for the

same, take a water crab burnt and then rubbed small

and mingled with honey and done on, or applied,

soon he will be well. For the same again, a southern

wort has been called galbanum, lay it on the neck

pain, then it draweth altogether out the evil wet or

humour and the ratten.

3. For the same again, mingle together bere or
harley meal and clear pitch ^ and wax and oil, seethe " Kesin-
this, add a boys or a childs mie, nnake into an ex-
ternal application on the matter. For ratten in the

' It ; the application, because ] - Cynosurus cristatus, some ;
l*ceam is masculine. | . Igrostis spica venti, some.

46 L^CE BOO.

eyt Jjfejie jieaban netelan pyptcpuman jej'obenne on
ecebe -j jebeatenne *j on peaxhlajrey pij^an on aleb • pj:
ye ^unb bi]^ ];onne onpnnenbe fio jpealj: lime cobjii]:!) •
ji]: lie bi]? ealb hio lime ontynS -j fpa afrili5 p yj:el
ut: o]> f lie lial bi5. :•

GfC pi]7 ]?on mamjpealb tacn -j lascebom piS healj*-
junbe 6p])e jeajlfpile ' oS6e J?]iotan o]?]?e payenbe • Sio
abl t]' tpejea cynna. 0];ep if on ];am ^eajle -j |7onne
mon Jpone mu]? ontyn^ bi]? jehppej^eji jefpoUen "j bi]? jieab
3'mb ]>a lipsectrunja • *j ne msej fe man e]jelice efiian
ac bij> afmojiob • ne m^j eac nalit popfpeljan ne pel
fpjiecan ne fcemiie nsep]? • ne bi^ ]?eop abl lip£e]:'epe to
ppecne. Oj^eji "ip ponne on ]7?e]ie ]?jiotan bi]? fpyle -j
lypfen fe ne msej nah"c jecpej^an -j biS pe fpile je on
]?am fpeopan je on )?8epe tunjan • ne msej fe man pel
e]jian • ne J)one fpeopan on cejipan • ne hip lieapob
popS on hylban f he hif napolan jefeon mseje • *j
fol. 17 ii. butan 111]' man pa];op tilije he bi}? ymb j^peo mho

jepajien. Tip fie ])?epe able bpyne Innan j^ssp fcjianj
•p mon ne mseje utan jefeon fio bij? *Sy ppecenjie.
Tip ]7onne fie^ on jehpa^l^epe liealpe pa ceacan afpollen
•j fio ]?potu -j J)u pa tacn jefeo ponne fona Iset pu
him blob on sebpe • jip pu f pujihteon ne mseje
fceappa htm pa pcancan f Mm beah.

Sele hnn fceajipne pyptbpenc pyjme him metef iBptep
pon bepmb pone fpeopan 'j leje on Isecebomaf pa pe
utteon pa ypelan psetan -j pset faji ponne bip pseji pyppe
pen. Pypc him pa pealpe jentm fpmep ]iyfle jefmype
ane bpabe pannan Innepeajibe mib pam jiypele pyl ponne
peopp jofe fceapn to on pa pannan -j jeplece 'j ponne
hit fy jemylt bo ponne on Imenne claS leje on p paji *j
befpepe bo f pel opt on on bsej • 'j bip fpa betejie fpa

' Seaslfpi)'e, MS. j - Ecad fien.

LEECH BOOK. T. 47

neck again, use a root of the red nettle sodden in Book T.
vinegar and beaten, laid on in the manner of a cake ^ ''• '^'
of was; if the matter be then beginning, the salve
driveth it away ; if it be old it openeth it, and so the
evil riseth out till he be hale.

4. Again for that, a manifold token and a leech dom
for the neck ratten or jowl swelling or swelling of the
throat or weasand. The disease is of two kinds ; the
one is in the jowl, and when one openeth the mouth
it is both swollen and is red about the uvula ; and
the man can not easily breathe, but will be smothered ;
he can not also swallow aught nor speak well, nor
hath he voice ; this disorder, however, is not dangerous.
Another sort is when there is a swelling in the throat
and purulence, he, the 'patient, may not speak aught,
and the swelling is both on the neck and on the tongue ;
the man can not well breathe, nor turn his neck nor
lean forward his head so that he may see his navel ;
and except one attend to him somewhat speedily, in
about three days he will be deceased. If the burning
of the disease within be strong, yet there are no
external signs of it, it is so much the more dangerous.
If then on either side the jaws be swollen and the
throat, and thou see the tokens, then soon let thou
him blood on a vein ; if thou may not carry that
through, scarify for him his shanks, that doth him
good.

5. Give him a sharp wort drink, warn him off meat,
after that bandage the neck, and lay on leechdoms
which may draw out the evil humour and the sore,
there will be then hope of recovery. Work him the
salve thus; take swines fat, smear the inside of a
broad pan with the fat, boil up, then east goose sharn
into the pan, and make lukewarm, and when it be
melted then put it on a linen cloth, lay it on the
sore, and swathe up, apply that pretty often in a day,
and it will be the better the oftener thou renewest

48 LiECE P.OO.

])U oftoji ebnipafc ];a j^ealfe -j oj:tO)i onlejefc fio tilrS
f yfel lit. :•

PiJ> healj'junbe jeriim peax 'j ele jeinen^ pi}» poyan
blofcman •-] jemelt; trojsebepe bo ];9ep on, pi]? fpeoji-
fol. 18 a. cop>e pypc on lecjenbe pealpe • jentm peajipep jelynbo

•j bepan fmepu -j peax ealpa em pela pypc to fealpe
^ Alex. Trail, fmijie mib. ^Gpt: pij? ]7on ilcan jtp ]>u pmbe hpitne
Paul.'iEoin. lumbej' Jjofc abpije pione -j je^nib *j afypt -j jeliealb f
"'• ^^* pi]> j^aepe fpeojicoj^e -j J^onne ]?eapp pie menj pi]; liunij

fmipe Jjone fpeopan mib f bij> fcpanj pealp "j job pr5
fpelcjie ablapunje -j bpune]7an -j pi]> ];apa ceacna ^e-
fpelle oS6e afmopunje • fceal ];eali fe hunb ban jnajan
ffiji • ]?y bi]? fe ]?ofr lipit -j micel jip J;u lime nimefc -j
jabejiafr: set pylne^ ]?onne ne bi]> he to unfpete to
jefrmcanne • ]?onne pceal mon ]?one jeajl eac fpillan
jelome on J>8epe able • -j fpoljettan eceb pi}? pealt je-
menjeb. 6pt pipleapan feapep ]?py bollan pulle lytle
pceal popcuuolftan. pij? fpeopcoSe ept japleac jejniben
on eceb f j^e fie pi]? paeteji jemenjeb fpille ]?one jeajl mib
]?y. pi]? fpeopco]?e ept pijep feopo]?a feo]? on jefpettum
fol. 18 b. psetepe fpille }?a ceolan mib ]5y jip pe fpeopa pap pie

pyn eac ]?a fpillmja lipilum bate J?onne ip eac to ]?ip]'e
able jepet I? mon unbep ]?8epe tunjan Isete blob o]?}?e op
eapme "j on mojijen on fppenje • jip hit ]?onne cniht
fie Iset on ]?am fpeopan • *j on psepe able ip to pop-
py pnanne piuej' -j plsepcep fpi]?0]'c ])y l^ej' fio ceole fie
afpoUen. :•

Pi]? ]?on jip mannep muS pap fie jemm betonican -j
jetpipula leje on ]?a peolope. To mu5 j'ealpe -j to

' Read yyWc. In Lye jillen, omentum, is an eiTor for yylmen.

LEECH BOOK. T. 49

the salve and the oftcner thou layest on. It will Book I.
draw the evil out.

6. For matter in the neck, take wax and oil, mingle
with rose blossoms and melt together, put this thereon.
For swerecothc oy quinsy, work an onlaying salve.
Take suet of bull and grease of bear, and wax, even
quantities of all, work to a salve, smear with it.
Again for the same, if thou find a white thost ^ of " Album

111 • T !• T'f>» Till' Griccuni.

hound, dry it and rub it, and siit it, and hold it
against the swerecothe, and when need be mingle with
honey, smear the neck with it, that is a strong salve
and good for such upblowing or inflation and brunella,^
and for swelling* of the jaws, or smothering. The
hound must gnaw a bone ere he dro'ppeth the thost,
then will the thost be white and mickle ; if thou
takest and gatherest it at the flxU, then it is not too
unsweet of smell ; one shall further often also swill
the jowl in this disease, and swallow vinegar mingled
with salt. Again, he shall swallow down three bowls
of the juice of cinquefoil, little ones. For swerecothe
or quinsy again, use garlic rubbed in vinegar which
be mingled with water, swill the jowl with that. For
quins}^, again, seethe the siftings of rye on sweetened
water, swill the gullet with it, if the swere be sore,
let the swillings also be whilom hot. Besides it is
also laid down for this disease, that blood be let under
the tongue or from an arm, and on the morrow apply
a clyster. Further if it be a boy, let (blood) on the
neck ; and in this disease it is well to warn off (the
sick) from wine, and specially from flesh meat, lest
the gullet be swollen.

In case that a mans mouth be sore, take betony
and triturate it, lay it on the lips. For a mouth

' A disease resembling diphtheria ; otherwise, Prima.
VOL. II. D

50 L^CE BOC.

jeblejenabjie 'cim;5an ppleajre • 'j lapembel leap }>yl on
p£Ete]ie hajra lan^e on muSe "j jelome. Jij: monney
ojiaS fie pul jenim bepen mela job. -j clsene hunij 'j
hpir peak jemenj eall tofomne *j jnib ];a te]> mib
fpiSe 'j jelome. :■

.VI.

Lfficebomap pi}* toS psepce *j yi]) pyjimum je pi]; ]?am
upejian toSece je pij; ]?am' nij^epan. :•

^ Herbar. Pi]> toj? paepce -^ betomcan feoS on pme oj; };]iibban

^ ^" ■ *■ ■ btel fpile j7onne jeonb ]?one muS lanje bpile.

Pi6 to]? psejice jip pyjim ete • jemm ealb holen leap
fol. 19 a. -j heojiot cjiop neo}>epeajibne -j paluian upepeajibe bepj^^l

rpy bael on psetpe jeot on bollan "j jeona ymb Jjonne
peallaS ];a pj=]imap on );one bollan. ^ip pyjim ete ]>&
te'S jemm opeji jeape holen jimbe *j eopop }>jiotan
mopan pel on fpa hatum^ hapa on mu]?e fpa hat fpa
\>u hatoft mseje. Pi]? to8 pyjimum jenim ac mela 'j
beolonan pseb -j peax ealpa em pela menj tosomne
pyjic to peax canbelle • -j baepn la;t jieocan on ];one
muS bo bl?ec hpasjl unbep ])onne pealla]? ];a ])y]iinap
on.

Pi8 to]? ptejice jebsepn hpit j-ealt -j japleac bepec on
jlebum jebpseb "j bepenb -j pipo]i *j ftjifelpypt jejnib
eal tofomne leje on, :

yip top pjBpce hpepnep pot ])el on pme neo]?opeajibne
oSSe on ecebe j'up fpa "Su hatoft mseje. pi]? toSpsepce

I'll^fi, MS. I - hacum jwcjie

LEECH nOOK. 1. 5]

salve and for a blained tongue, boil in water iiveleaf, l5ook I.
that is, cinque/oil, and bramble leaves, have it long in ^' ^"

the mouth and frequently. If a mans breath be fijul,
take good barley meal and clean honey and white
salt,' mingle all together, and rub the teeth with it
much and frequently.

VI.

1. Leechdoms for sharp pain in the teeth and for
worms, either for the upper tooth ache or for tlie
nether.

2. For tooth wark, seethe betony in wine to the
third part, then swill the mouth thoroughly for a long
while.

3. For tooth wark, if a worm eat the tooth, take an
old holly leaf and one of the lower umbels of hart-
wort,^ and the upward ^^ar^ of sage, boil two doles"
in water, pour into a bowl and yawn over it, then the
worms shall fall into the bowl. If a worm eat the
teeth, take holly rind over a year old, and root of
carline thistle, boil in so hot water 1 hold in the mouth
as hot as thou hottest may. For tooth worms, take
acorn meal and henbane seed and wax, of all equally
much, mingle these together, work into a wax candle,
and burn it, let it reek into the mouth, put a black
cloth under, then will the worms fall on it.

4. For tooth wark, burn white salt and. garlic,
make them smoke on gledes, roast and tear to pieces,
and add pepper and clubmoss, rub all together and
lay on.

5. For tooth wark, boil in wine or in vinegar the
netherward part of ravens foot,* sup as thou hottest
may. For tooth wark, bray together to dust rind

1 That is, tlie best, purest salt.
- Seseli ; perhaps, however, Hart-
bramble, Rhamnus, may be meant.

^ That is, two of worts to one of
water,

' Ranunculus ficaria.

D 2

52

L^CE BOC.

fol. 19 b.

Marcellus,
296, h.

linutbeamej" jimbe -j ]?ojni jimbe jecnua to bufre abpij
on pannan fniS utan ];a te]; yceab on jelome. :•

Pyjic ]>nY to]>yesi[\:e ofejifsepifc jimb -j hunij 'j pipoji
men5 cosomne leje on • pypc eac j^ealjre op penpypre
on J?a ilcan pipan. :•

]}i]> ]>am upepan Co]?ece jemm pi})opmban leap appmj
on J)a nofu, ])i]> ]?am ni]7epan coj^ece plit mib J?e
po]?opne o]> peet Ine bleben. :•

Gpc jentm elmep pmbe jebsepn to alifan jemenj J)a
ahpan pi|p psetep -j afeoh hapa j^eet paiteji lanje on
mujje. 6pt jemm jeappan ceop fpijje. :•

Herbar.
Apul. i. 13.

.VII.

Tip mon blobe hjitece jenim betonican fjJilce fpa
.III. penejaf jepejen jejnib on jsete meolc pele ]>]\y
bajaf ]>py bollan pulle to bjuncanne. :•

fol. 20 a.

.VIII.

]}i\> blsece on -jplitan pyl to bsej^e pencepfan -j neo-
}?opea]ibne fecj • cepcpmbe eappan pyl on psetepe lanje
be]7e mib.

To pealpe pij> bls&ce on "jplitan • omppan neojjopeajibe
J>a ]>e fpimme bo pealt to -j pbetan -j cej. bpip y^-]>
blsece on 'jplitan jemelte ealb fpic bpip on }?on • bo
jejpunbenne pipop on • -j cpopleac hpsetenep melpej*
tpy bsel fpilce ymy pipopep apyl lipset lipeja • jemm
)?8ep ];peo fnseba jepefc a3ptep peapme. piS blsece
jemm heopotep hojm jebsepn to ahpan "j fpepl -j je-
bsepneb pealt ^ pic to alifan 'j fpa oftep pcella -j je-
cnupa omppan finale "j jemenj eall to bjiij'e -j fmipe

LEECH 1500K. J.

Oo

of nut tree and thorn rind, dry then in a pan, cut ' ilic
teeth on the outside, shed on frequently.

6. Work a tooth salve thus, min2:le together oversea
rind" and honey and pe})per, lay on. Work also a
salve of wenwort in the same wise.

7. For the upper tooth ache, take leaves of withe-
wind, Avring them on the nose. For the nether tooth
ache, slit Avith the tenaculum, till they bleed.

8. Again, take elms rind, burn to ashes, mingle the
ashes with water and strain, hold the water long in
the mouth. Again, take yarrow, chew it much.

Book I.
Ch. vi.

Vll.

1. If a man break up blood, take as much betony
as three pennies weigh, rub in goats milk, give for three
days three bowls full to drink.

viii.

1. For a blotch on the face, boil for a bath fencress^
and the nether ward j;«ri of sedge,* ash rind, tares,
boil long in watei-, bathe therewith.

2. For a salve against a blotch in the face, use the
nether ward part of dock, which will swim,^ add to it
salt and curds and egg. A brewit for a blotch on the
face, melt old lard, on that a brewit, add ground pep-
per, and cropleek,^ two doles of wh eaten meal as well
as of the pepper, boil a little, take of it three slices,
after that go to bed and get warm. For a blotch, take
harts horn, burn to ashes, and sulfur, and burnt salt
and pitch burnt to ashes, and so oyster shells, and
beat sorrel' small, and mingle all into a brewit, smear

' By Sect. 7, it appeal's by te]> is
meant the gums, cohiieoman.
- Cinnamon.
^ Nasturtium officinale.
* Carex.

'■" This seems by Gerarde to be
duckweed, Lcmna.
" Allium sativum.
' Rumex Acetusa.

54

L/ECE BOC.

niib. 6pt; j-ealp pel on aj>ybum I'ceapejf fmejiupe hse^-
Jjopnep blolrman -j ]ni fmalan fmjpenan -j pubupopan
nienj ]7onne hpitcpubii pi]? "j hpon biitepan. :•

Cf. Marcell.
290, c.

fol. 20 b.

.Villi.

rtp men ypne blob op nebbe to IpiSe jennn jpene
betomcan -j puban jecnupa on eceb jeppmj tofomne
fpilce ]-ie an plah fcms on Jja nofu. blob peten bifceop
pypt nio];opea]ibe ere o^Se on meolce bpmce. Blob
feten epc gemm liejeclipan jebmbe on fpeopan.

blob fecen ept fppmj pypt bo on eape. :■

Blob peten ept pejbpreban bo on eape. :•

blob peten ept jebal bepen eap beftmje on eape
fpa he nyte. Sume pip pjiitat) -{- sejpyn • thon • ftpiith •
pola apspenn • tajit • fuputh • on • tpia • enn • piath •
liathu • mojipana • on hsel i-f- ajia • cajm • leou • jpotL •
peopn • Hi • ppil ♦ cjionbi • p • |XI • nipo • cpon • sepcpio •
epmio • aeR • leNo • je hopfe je men blob feten. :•

]}ip jeihote -j jepoi'um • jemm oxna lyb ni]7epeapb
jecnupa pel piS pastpe • jip liio fie jpene ne bo J?u
]?8ep psetep to ppinj J>onne on ^ neb. :•

Marcellus,
291, e.

.XI.

PjP pajium peolojium jefmipe mib hunije J)a peolopaj-
gemm |?onne se;^eppelman bepceab mib pipope leje on. :•

.XII.

^Pi]7 pouum muj^e jentm omppan 'j ealbne fpinef
pyple pypc to pealpe fete on ]?one pen- bsel. pi]? ceolan

' KwLKhs (Tiraarfios.

- you, here is a contraction of ])ohan, j^ogan.

LEECH BOOK. I. 55

therewith. Again, a salve, boil in pressed sheeps grease, \'°"'^..i;
hawthorns blossoms, and the small stonecrop and wood-
rofic, then mingle mastic therewith and a little butter.

IX.

1. If blood run from a mans nose too much, take
green betony and rue, pound them in vinegar, twist
them together like as it might be a sloe, poke it into
the nose. A blood stopper; eat the netherward part
of bishopwort or drink it in milk. To stop blood
ao-ain, take hedge cleavers, bind it on the neck.

2. As a blood stancher again, put springwort' into
the ear.

3. To stop blood again, put way broad" into the ear.

4. To stop blood again, poke into the ear a whole
ear of bere or havley ; so he be unaware of it. Some

write this : either for horse or

man, a blood stancher.

For snot and })oses or catarrhs; take the nether-
ward part of stinking hellebore,^ pound it well with
water ; if it be green do not apply water to it, then
wring on the nose.

xi.

For sore lips, smear the lips with honey, then take
film of egg, scatter it with pepper, and lay on.

xii.

For distorted mouth, take dock and old swines
grease, work to a salve, set on the wry part. For
swelling of gullet, for that, everfern^ also shall come

' Euforbia laihyris. i ^ Helleborus viridis.

- Plantago maior. | ' Poh/podium vulgare.

56 L^CE BOC.

Ipile pi]? ]?on pceal eopjipeajm eac I'pa -j jyj'jiipaii pyl
on meolce flip }'onne -j jebej^e mib. ])\]? ceolan fpile
bipceop pypt; aCeplaSe niSepeapbe -j claran ]'yl on
ealaS. :•

.XIII.

■^ PiS haep pceapbe hpic cpubu jecnupa fpiSe fmale

bo sesep f hpite to -j menj Ipa ]m belu teapoji 6n-

foL 21 a. fniS mib peaxfe feopa mib feolce psefce fmipe mib ]7onne

mib p»8epe pealpe utan "j mnan asp pe feoloc potije •

jip tofomne teo pece mib hanba fmipe ept pona. :

.XIIII.

pi]? pea^an • jiecelp lytel I'pepl fpejlef aBppel peax
jinjipep ]7uph hopn bjimce • liunan hapocpypt on
hlurcpum ealo6.

.XV.

Alex. Trail. ' Pi]' hpof ran hu he mippenlice on mon beciime ^ hu

1 . V. ini 10. j^^^, ^^^^ tilian fcyle. Se hpofra hsepS mamjpealbne

rocyme fpa 'pa. fpatl beoS mippenhcu • hpilum cymS

op unjemetpgej'Cpe ho3t:o • hpilum op unjemetpseptum

cyle • ]^pilum op unjemethcpe bpijneppe.

Pypc bpenc pi]? hpofcan • jeniin miicjpyjir feo]? on
cypepenum citele -j pyl o]? ]3 hio^ fie fpi]7e ]?icce • -j hio"
fie op hpsetenum mealte gepojiht ^enim ]7onne eopop-
peapnef maept: bifceop pypt: • hmb heoloSan • bpeopje
bpofclan fmjpenan bo to eall on pset fele bpmcan mib-
fol. 21 b. belbajum -j pojija pup -j fealtep jehpset. pi]) hpoftan

> B57|. I - Head he.

LEECH BOOK. I.

57

into use, and boil cockle in milk, them sup some and
bathe with it. For swelling of gullet, boil in ale
bishopwort, the netherward part of attoiiothe, and
burdock.

Book I.
Ch. xii.

Xlll.

For hair Hp, pound mastic very small, add the white
of an egg, and mingle as thou dost vermillion, cut
with a knife the false edges of the lip, sew fast with
silk, then smear without and within with the salve,
ere the silk rot. If it draw together, arrange it with
the hand ; anoint again soon.

xiv.

For watery congestions^ called KXvlmsc, a little
incense, some sulfur, beetle nut, wax, ginger ; let the
ixitient drink through a horn horehowa.^ and hawk wort ^
in clear ale.

XV.

For host or cough, how variously it comes ujoon a
man, and how a man should treat it. The host hath
a manifold access, as the spittles are various. Whilom
it cometli of immoderate heat, whilom of immoderate
cold, whilom of immoderate dryness.

2. Work thus a drink against cough. Take mugwort,''
seethe it in a cojDper kettle, and boil till it* be very
thick, and let it* be wrought of wheaten malt ; then
take of everfern most, bishopwort, water agrimony,^
pennyroyal,'' singreen,^ set all in a vat, give to drink
at the middays, and forego what is sour and every-

' Bpo7xoKTiA77, perhaps.
- Hicracium.
^ Artemisia vulgaris.
' The gender of the pronoun
makes it refer to the wort, whereas

the process seems to require a mas-
culine, referring to the potion.

^ Eupatorium cannabinum.

** 3Ientha pulegium.

^ Sempervivuvi tectorum.

58 L^CE BOC.

ejzt; . jemm Imnan feoS on psetejie lele I'pa peapme
bp.incan. :•

Gyt jenim clifpypt fume men hata'S poxep clipe
fume eapypt • 'j hio yy jepopht opeji mibne fumop
feo]? ]7a on psecepe o]> f bpibban^ bsel p'sep popep op fie
pele bpmcan J^pipa on bsej.

PiS hpofcan ept jentm fsemmtan pyl on eala]? pele

V bpmcan. 6ptr jennn fppacen bepmbpeb pyl on ealaS

]"ele bpmcan. :•

6ft: 5en[i]m hopn jeapj^an jieabe nerelan pyl on
meolce. Gpc jentm pij> Lpofcan -j pi]? anjbpeofre ]-la-
pian jobne bsel bo bollan pnlne jnnep to bepyl ppibban
bsel on |)a pypte fupe on niht neptij. :•

6pr ^^ennn majmbian j^yl on ealaS bo pipoji on.
6pt; yip anjbpeofce jip men fie bpije hpofra • jemrn
fpicep fnsebe J>ynne lege on liatne fcan fceab cyraeb on
fete hopn on bpmce ]?onne fmic. :•

PiJ? bpijum hpoftan ept jentm eolonan *j jalluc ete
on bunijep teape. :•

fol. 22 a. .XVI.

V ]}i]> bjieoft paspce jenim ]>Sb lytlan culmillan -j cymeb

]iyl on hluttpum eala]? fupe 'j bpmce. 6pt jemni
bpeopje bpoftlan -j jyj^pipan kyncean pelle on hlut-
tpum ealaS bpmce fcenc pulne on neaht neptij, :•

Pyl on ealaS pijp ]?on ilcan pnul mapubian betomcan
•j bpmce. pijj bpeoft ]?8epce jentm puban • hunan -j

' Eead ^pibban = Sjiibba.

LEECH BOOK. I. 59

thing salt. Again for host, take horehound, seethe in ^^^^^ I-
water, administer it so warm to drink.

3. Again, take clifFwort,' some men call it foxes cliff",
some riverwort, and let it be wrought past midsummer,
seethe it in water till the third part of the wash be
off", give it thrice a day to be drunk.

4. For host again, take sea mint, boil it in ale,
give to drink. Again, take black alder rendered and
purified, boil it in ale, give it to be drunk.

5. Again, take hove," yarrow, red nettle,"^ boil them
in milk. Again, take against host and against breast
anguish,* a good portion of slary,^ add a bowl full of
wine, boil away a third part on the wort ; let the
patient sup it at night fasting.

6. Again, take marrubium, boil it in ale, add pepper.
Again, for breast anguish, if a man have a dry host,
take a thin slice of lard, lay it on a hot stone, shed
cummin on it, set it on a horn,*^ let the p)('dient drink
in the smoke.

7. For a dry cough again, take elecampane and
comfi'ey ; let the 'patient eat them in virgin honey.

XVI.

1. For acute pain in the breast, take the little
centaury and cummin, boil in clear ale, let the patient
sip and drink. Again, take pennyroyal and cockle,
artichoke, let him boil in clear ale, let him drink a
cup fall at night fasting.

2. Boil in ale for the same, fennel, marrubium,
betony, and let the patient drink. For pain in the
breast, take rue, /lorehound and abrotanon,'^ rub to-

' Arctium lappa.
-' Glechoma hederacea.
' Lamium purpureum.
^ Angina pectoris seems too
limited.

^ Salvia sclarea.

'^ Lye understands cj'meb as
Xa^aibpis, germander, going by the
syllables.

' Artemisia abrotanon.

60 LMCE BOC.

appotanan jejnib toSomne I'msele on moptepe menj
pi-S liumj -j ])]iy bajal" selce basj lep mete ]?pie cuclep

. XVII.

PiJ? heojit; psejice jTuban jelm I'eo]? on ele 'j bo alpan
ane yntfan ro fmijie mib ]?y ]5 frilS ]7am fape. pi];
heopt ece jip linn on Innan heapb heopt psepc fie
]?onne Inm pyx]? pmb on ]?8ejie heoptan 'j hme J'ejeS
]7upft; "j bi]? unmelitijlic. :•

Pypc htm ]?onne fcan bseS 'j on J^am ete lu]7epne

pasbic mib j^ealte ]?y msej pefan fio punb jehseleb.

fol. 22 b. pi]? lieopot ece eft jentm 5iJ>pi]:an {eo\> on meolce yele

bjiincan • vi. bajaf. :•

6]:t nio];epeapb ejroppeapn 5y]?]nj:an • pe5bp8e[ban]
pyl toj'omne pele bpmcan. pi8 liiopot ece ejit jenim
pipop • -j cymen • "j coft ^ejnib on beo*^ o]>]>e on
psetpe yele bpmcan. :•

.XVIII.

Paul, ^gineta, ]Dponan ]-e micla jeoxa cume o]?]?e hu hif mon

Al^x" Tr 11 ^icatf pcule. Se cymS op ]?am fpiSe acoloban mag an .

vii. 15. o])])e op ]7am to fpiSe ahatoban ♦ oSSe op to micelpe

olHwcl'x Fylls • o]>]?e op to micelpe Isepnepj-e <• oSSe op ypelum

psetan • plitenbum 'j fceoppenbum ];one majan • jip

}7onne fe j-eoca man ]?uph fpipebpenc afpipS }>one ypelan

bitenban psetan on pej • ]jonne popftent j-e jeolila • fpipe

pa beah J^am monnum ])e po-^ pylle jihfa j-lih^ oSSe

popjjon ye hie iNnan pcyppS 'j eac j'e jeohfa pe ]>e op

])i£Y ypelan psetan micelnyj-pe cym^S htepS }?eappe fpip-

bpmcef • pe pypcS micelne pnopan eac -j fe hme bet •

ponne pe jeohfa op Jjsepe iblan pambe cymS "j op J^sepe

LEECH BOOK. I. Gl

gctlier small in a mortal-, mingle with honey, and for pook I.
three clays, every day before meat, let tliG imtient take Ch. xvi.
three spoons full.

xvii.

For pain in the heart, seethe a handful of rue in
oil, and add an ounce of aloes, rub the body with that,
it stilleth the sore. For heart ache, if there be to him
within, a hard heart wark, then wind waxeth in the
heart for him, and thirst vexes him and he is languid.

2. Work him then a stone bath, and in that let
him eat southern radish^ with salt, by that the wound
may be healed. For heart ache again, take githrife,
seethe it in milk, give to drink for six days.

8. Again, boil together the netherward part of ever-
fern, githrife, and waybroad ; give to drink. For heart
ache again, take pepper and cummin and costmary, rub
them into beer, or into water, administer to drink.

xviii.

We here explain whence the mickle hicket^ cometh,
and how a man should treat it. It cometh from the
very chilled maw, or from the too much heated onaw, or
from too mickle fulness, or of too mickle leerness, that
is errhptiness, or of evil wet or humour rending and
scarifying the maw. If then the sick man by a spew
drink speweth away the evil biting wet, then the
hicket abateth. A spew then is good for the men
whom hicket teareth for fulness, or in case it scarifieth
them within ; and also the hicket which cometh of the
mickleness of the evil wet or humour, hath need of a
spew drink, which eke worketh mickle sneezing, and
amendetli the sick. When the hicket cometh of the

' Rhafanus sativa.

"^ Holland and old writers spell Hicket, the moderns " hiccup," " hic-
" cough,"

G2

LyECE EOC

fol. 23 a. jelasjian ne bet ];one i'e j;no]ia. jip I'e jeohfa op cile

cume ]?onne fceal mon mib pypmenbum Jjinjum lacman
fpile fpa pipoji "ip -j o];pa pepmenba pypta o]>]>e jiuhan
jejnibe mon optn ' j'elle bpmcan • o]>])e mepcef yveh
mib pme^ o]>]>e eceb^ pelle bpmcan oS6e mtntan bpoS

Correct cy men, op];e mojian • oS8e cymenef o]>])e jmjippan hpilum an-
lepij fpa jepenobe • hpilum ];a pypta tojsebepe jebon
on p pof pelle bjimcan • jtp op hatum ppetan ypelum
on pone majon gefamnobum fe jeohfa cume -j he jepele
f fe lime mnan fceoppe on ]7one majan • pele hmi };onne
placu ppetep bjimcan fpi]?e hat • jebo j^onne pepejie on
ele fcmje him jelome on ];a hpacan f he maje fpipan*
j'ele htm pij? jeohfan cealb psetep "j eceb bpmcan -j
appotanan jejnibene on pme.

fi'om the Hel
lenic

Cf. Paul,
-ffiginet.
lib. iii. 37.
ed. Aid. fol.
43 a. line 3.5.
NauTi'a.
'Arop6|i'a.
fol. 23 h.

.X Villi.

PiJ> plsettan ]>am men pe hme ne lyft hip metej' ne
li])ep o^8e on majan untpum fie • oJ)]?e bitepe hprece •
BOP'S jeallan -j pipop bjimce on peajimum psetepe pjiy
bollan pulle on niht neptij. Gpt yip platunje puban
pepmob bifceop pyjit mapubian pyl on ealaS fpipe ^efpet
mib hunije leolitlice • jebyimc fpa hate]' fpa piii blob
fie fcenc pulne bo fpa ponne pe peapp j'le. :■

.XX.

pip j'culboji prepce ealbep fpinej- topb psep pe pelb-
janjenbe fie menj pi^ ealbne ]iy]'ele jepypme leje on
f beah pip pculbop ptepce je piS pib pjepce • pi's breofc
prejice • -j pip lenbenpsepce. 6pu pyl betomcan -j nep-
tan on ealo^ pele bpmcan jelome -j fimle set pype
jefmipe mib penpypte. 6pt jenim fpmep pceapn peep pe
on bun lanbe -j pyjitum libbe msenj pip ealbne pyj'ele

For on jnn.

2 Not the same case.

LEECH BOOK. T. 63

foul wamb and of the leer (yr emi^ty one, the sneezing Book i.
doth not amend it. If the hicket come of chill, then ^''- ''^"'•
shall a man cure it with warming things, such as
pepper is, and other warming worts, or let one rub
rue and give it in wine to drink ; or give seed of marche
with wine or vinegar, or broth of mint or carrot,'^ '^ aomkov, Gr.
or cummin, or ginger, at times singly andj so pre-
pared. At whiles give to drink the worts together
put into the wash. If the hicket come of hot evil
humours collected into the maw, and the side onan
feel that it scarifieth him within in the maw, give
him then lukewarm water to drink " very hot," then
put a feather in oil, poke him frequently in the throat
that he may spew ; give him against hicket cold water
and vinegar to drink, and abrotanon rubbed in wine.

xix.

Against loathing or nausea, for the man who hath
no lust for his meat nor for his cup, or be infirm in
the maw, or hreaketh bitter, as in heartburn, let him
drink earthgall and pepper in warm water, three
bowls full at night fasting. Again for loathing, boil
strongly in ale slightly sweetened with honey, rue,
wormwood, bishbpwort, marrubiura, drink of this as
hot as thy blood be, a cup full, do so when need be
to thee.

XX.

Against shoulder pain, mingle a tord of an old swine,
which be a fieldgoer, with old lard, warm it, lay it on,
that is good for shoulder pain or for side pain, for
breast wark and for loin wark. Again, boil betony and
nepeta in ale, give to drink frequently, and always
at a fire smear with wenwort. Again, take sham of
swine, which liveth on the downland and on worts,
mingle with old lard, lay on, and let the patient drink

04

L^CE T,OC.

leje on 'j bjiinc' betonican on jefpertum pme • jij:
pefep liabbe bjimce on pserejie. :•

nxfvpiTts.

fol. 24 a.

Herbar.
Apul. i. 9.

.XXI.

Pi]; ]'iban j^ape ]7£ejie lpi]?pan bojen -j pebic *j hpite
clfiepjian pyjic ro clame "j to bpence. pij> ]?se]ie pmef-
rjian fiban fape pubupipan jecnupa on eceb -j pypc to
clame jebmb on |;a fiban. GjTc betonican fpilc fpa
]y]\y penejaf jepejen • -j pipopep feop on *j xx. copna to
Somne jetpipulab. jeot ealbep pmep Jjpy bollan pulle
to • -j jeplece pele nilitnej'ti^um bpmcan. Gpt piS
fiban pape jmban piS pypele^ jemenjeb "j jebeaten
lecje on ];a fiban p bet, ])i]> piban pajie ept laupep
cpoppan jebeate bjimce on j'cetepe 'j on }»a fiban
l>inbe, ^Pi]> fiban fape ept caulep pypttjiuman jebsepn
to alifan -j yi]) ealbne pypele jeraenj -j aleje on ]>a
piban.

Cf. Herbar.
Apul. i. 10.

Cf. Marcell.
353, c.

fol. 24 b.

.XXII.

Pi]? lenben ece jenim betonican fpilce tpejen penejaf
jepejen bo |?8Gpto fpetep pmej- tpejen bollan pulle menj
pi]? hat pgeteji pele nihtneptij bjiincan. Gpt jenim
jpunbe fpel^ean jebeat -j f peap pele bpmcan niht-
neptijum.

pi]> lenben ece ealipep liatte pypt jnib on eala]? -j
bpmce ]>a. 'Pi]> }>on ilcan hunbep tunje hatte pyjit
jenim ]>a. leap abpij -j ^ejnib to melupe jenim jjonne
Ibepen mela jemenj pi]; ])a pypt ^ jebpmj J^onne on
meolce.

.XXIII.

i(rx«<ij. Pi]? J^eoli ece • fmice mib peapne fpij^e J^a J;eoh. 6pt

to bpence • pipop • pin • pealpypt • Imnij. 6ac to ]?on

' Read bpmce.

- Tt) TTTjYttz'epa, Paul. iEg. aud Galen, a preparation of rue.

3 Paul, .ffiginet., lib. iii. cap. 33.

LEECH BOOK. r. 65

betony in sweetened wine. If he have fever, let liim BookL
drink it in water. ' ^^'

XXI.

For sore of the right side, work thyme and radish
and white clover to a paste, and to a drink. For sore
of the left side, pound woodroffe in vinegar, and work
it to a paste, bind it on the side. Again, betony as
much as three pennies weigh, and twenty -seven corns
of pepper triturated together ; pour in three bowls full
of old wine, and make lukewarm, give to the patient
after his nights fasting to drink. Again for sore of
side, lay rue mingled with lard and beaten, on the
side ; that amendeth it. For sore of side again, let
him beat bunches of laurel jloiver, let him drink them
in water, and bind them on the side. For sore of
side again, burn to ashes roots of colewort, and mingle
with old lard, and lay on the side.

xxii.

For loin ache, take betony, as much as two pennies Lumbago,
weigh, add thereto two bowls full of sweet wine,
mingle with hot water, give it to drink after his
nights fasting. Again, take groundsel, beat it, and give
the juice to drink after his nights fasting.

2. For loin ache, a wort is called ealiver,^ rub it in " Erysimum
ale, and let the patient drink it. For the same, a wort Qgrarde
hight hounds tongue, take the leaves, dry them, and
rub them to meal, then mingle with the wort barley
meal, and then apply it in milk.

xxiii.

For thigh ache, smoke the thighs thorouglily with Sciatica.
fern. Again, for a drink, pepper, wine, wallwort, honey ;

VOL. n.

^6 LJECE BOC.

apulbop • popn • lejpc • cjncbeam • eoj:o]i]7]iote seycj^jiote •
eloD.e • bij'ceop py]^'c • ipj . betomca • pibbe • psebic •
fppacen • pipop • hpit cpubu • cofc • jmjipep • moniaca •
necle • blmbe netle pipe ]7ip to bpence. jtp ]>eoli
j^apan abelp nio]?opeapbne yecj pyl on psetepe Iset
peocan on pset lim pre ]\lape fmijie mib j^ealpe ]?e
mon Jmp pypce. Op fpmep fmeppe • pceapep fmepu •
butepe • Icipteapo • pipoji • lipit cpubu • fpejlep seppel •
i'pepl . cofc • eceb • ele • hpeppetre • pssbic • eolene •
bifceop pypt • pealr • a3pc • apulbpe • ac • j^opn.

.XXIIII.

])i\} cneop paepce • pubu peaxe • -j hejejiijre jecnupa

]>Si tojsebejie -j bo on ealu Iset bcjean neahtejuie j'ele

him f l^onne bpmcan be|7e mib "j leje on. pi]? J»on jTp

fol. 25 a. cneop pap fie • jemm pealpyjit -j clupj^unj • peabe

netlan apyl on psetepe bej^e mib.

.XXV.

gip jcancan j'ape fynb jeiiim jij^jiipan -j boljjiunan •
'j hamoji pypT • *j beconican "j ban pyjit • 'j linpypc 'j
pubn mejice • -j eopSjeallan • "j bpunpyjit peo]? on
butepan fmipe mib:-

Gip' fcancan pynb fojiobe mm banj'yjit jecnupa jeot
cejep ]3 lipite menj tofomne fcancpopebum men. ]}i^
fopebum hme lege ];ap pealfe on p pojiobe lim -j jrop-
leje mib elmpmbe bo fpilc to • ept fimle nipa o]>f
jehalob fie jepenbjia ebn jiinbe 'j apyl fpi'Se bo ]?onne
op })a pmbe jentm Impjeb jejpmb bpipe pic) ];am elmep
bpsence f biS 50b jpealp popebum lime.

tsiy, MS.

LEECH ROOK. I. 67

also in addition, apple tree, thorn, ash, quick! )eara, Book I.
everthroat, ashthroat, helenium, bishopwort, ivy, betony, " ^^^'"
ribwort, radish, spraken,^ pepper, mastic, costmary, ' Mamnus
ginger, sal ammoniac, nettle, blind nettle, work this-^'""^"
to a drink. If thighs be paralyzed, delve up the
netherward part of sedge, boil it in water, make it
reek on the limb that is helpless, smear with a salve,
which a man may thus work ; from swines grease,
sheeps grease, butter, ship tar,^ pepper, mastic, beetle
nut, sulfur, costmary, vinegar, oil, cucumber, radish,
helenium, bishopwort, salt, ash, apple tree, oak, thorn.

xxiv.

For knee pain; pound together woodwax- and hedge-
rife, and put into ale ; let it lie for a night, give him
then that to drink, bathe with it, and lay it on. In
case that a knee be sore, take wallwort and doffing,
and red nettle, boil in water, bathe therewith.

XXV.

1. If the shanks be sore, take githrife and pellitory
and hammer wort and betony and bonewort and flax-
wort and wild marche and earth gall and brownwort,
seethe in butter, smear therewith.

2. If shanks be broken, take bonewort, pound it,
pour the white of an egg out, mingle these together
for the shank broken man. For a broken limb, lay
this salve on the broken limb, and overlay with
elm rind,'^ apply a splint, again, always renew these
till the limb be healed ; clean some elm rind, and boil
it thoroughly, then remove the rind, and take linseed,
grind it for a brewit or paste with the elms drink ;
that shall be a good salve for a broken limb.

' Fix navalis is frequent in Latin \ - Genista tinctoria.
medicine of the time. j ' Cf. Aetius. I. i. v. TrreAea.

E 2

68.

L^CE BOO.

AyKiiKuffis.
Marcellus,
403, d.

fol. 25 b.

.XXVI.

Gip fmo jefcjimce -j ept; • septep J?oii fpelle jemni
jate tojib jemenj pi8 eceb fmit on yona halaS. CQone-
jum men jefcpmcaS hip pet to hip homme pypc ba];o
bo eapban to -j cepfan -j fmale netelan "j beopyjit bo
on tpoh hate ftanap pel jehsette jebej^e ]7a hamma
mib ]7am ftan baSe ]7onne hie fien jefpate ]7onne pecee
he ]?a ban fpa he fpi])oft mseje bo fpelc to -j betepe
fpa mon optop mib ]7y be]7i5e. Tip fmo clseppette
mucjpypt jebeatenu -j pi]? ele jemenjeb -j on aleb.
COycjpypte leap pij> jejiofobne ele jemen^ed fmijie mib
|?y fona bi]> setftilleh fio cpacim;^.

.XXVII.

noSdypa. pi]^ pot ece betonicau- jeopmenleap* pmul* pibban*

ealpa empela jemenje meoluc yi]> paeteji -j ■^ tofj'ollene
Apul. Herb, l^ii^ p]iam ]?£epe upeppan healpe bej^e ]>y Ifep pe fpile
ii. 17. In^epite • jenime Jjonne jalluc jefobenne leje on. ]?rS

Cf. Marcellus, pota faRe 6p]ye jefpelle ppam miclum ^anje pejbpsebe
405, f. g. jetpipulab -j pi8 eceb jemenjeb, pi]? ]?on beah jpunbe

Ipelje jebeatenu -j piS pyfele jemenjeb.

Pi]7 potece jip pe pot ace mjefpice jenim mucjpypte

pyptpumaii menj pi]> ele pele etan. Vi5 pot ece ept
fol. 2c a. hunan peap pi]? ele jemenjeb fmipe ]?a papan pet

mib. :•

Pi]? potece jenim ellenep leap • -j pejbpseban -j mucj-

pypt ^ecnupa le^e on -j jebmb on.

.XXVIII.

pi]? ban ece tunmjpyjit •' beolone • pealpypt ealbe
jput "j eceb • heopotep fmepa o])]?e jate • o]?]?e jofe

' Tnnrm?; pyjir, TTerbarinm, cxxxviii. !^o read.

LEECH JJOOK. I. 60

XXvi. Book I.

If a sinew .shrink/'' and again after that swell, take ^, *.

'. ° . . '^ That IS, when

a she goats tord, mingle with vinegar, smudge it on, a leg is broken.

soon the simeiu healeth. In tlie case of many a man,

his feet shrink up to his hams, work baths, add tares

and cress and small nettle and beewort,* put hot

stones well heated in a trough, warm the hams with

the stone bath, when they are in a sweat, then let

him, the patient, duly arrange the bones as well as he

can, apply a splint, and it is so much the better the

oftener a man bathes with the "preparation. If a sinew

have pulsation, mug wort beaten and mingled with oil,

and laid on is good. Juice of mugwort mingled with

rose oil, smear with that, soon will the quaking be

stilled.

xxvii.

1. For foot ache, betony, germen leaves^ that is noHypa.
'mallow, fennel, ribwort, of all equal quantities ; mingle

milk with Avater, and Ijathe the swollen limb, from
the upper part of it, with that, lest the swelling go
inwards; then take sodden comfrey, lay it on. For
sore of feet or swelling from much walking, waybread
triturated and mingled with vinegar. For that dis-
order, groundsel beaten and mingled with lard is good.

2. For foot ache ; if the foot ache go inwards, take
mugworts roots, mingle with oil, give to eat. For foot
ache again, juice of /iorehound mingled with oil, smear
the sore feet with it.

3. For foot ache, take leaves of elder and waybroad
and mugwort, pound, lay on, and bind on.

xxviii.

For leg ache, white hellebore, henbane, wallwort,
old groats and vinegar, harts or she goats or goose

' Acorui: calamus.

7(^ LMCE BOC.

meuj tofomne leje j^onne on, pi]? banece eft to bpence
eleue • cneopliolen • pealpyjit • liune • clufj^unj jecnupa
bo on pseteji ]3 ofep yjme be|?e to fype fpi^e ]7one
ece ]7pea mib ]?y peetepe bo f j^pipa on bsej • pypc
|?onne fealpe op tim[i]nj pypte op eolonan • op J^unjc •
op pepmobe bo ealpa empela ]>ylle fpi'Se.

.XXVIII I.

Marcellus, ^^F mauuep jetapa beo]; pape oSSe ajmnbene beto-

395, a. mean jetpipula on pme bej^e ]>a fapan ftopa "j ]7a

a]?unbenan mib ];y. 6pt jip hie bylfrilite fien oSSe

;^ebopfcene jenmi faluian feoS on psetepe bej^e mib ]?a

jetapa.

Part in Mar- 6pt bile jebsepneb remenj pi5 ahj-an liimig ^ pypc to

cellus, 395, d.

fol. 26 b. fealpe aj^j^eah ]>onne "j jebej^e ]?a pimba aejiept mib

hate psetepe septeji j;on mib peapme ele je fmipe on

}7am |;e psepe pip jefoben leje ponne J;a pealpe on.

.XXX.

xifxeTAof, J)jY pceal pi]j secelman -j piS J?on );e men acale f pel

op Jjam potum • jemme neo|?opeapbe mebopypt -j lufc-
mocan • -j acpmbe jecnua eall to bufte ^emenj pi6
hunij lacna mib ]?y.

. XXXI.

* Oy Kos. Vi]7 selcum heapbum fpile obSe jefpelle abpije beana

•J jepeo]? butan pealte menj jjonne pi]? huuij leje on.
]}i]> })on ilcan jemm bepen melo peo]? on ecebe bo on

' Read i^emenj; \>a, ahj-an jn'S hunig.

LEECH BOOK. I. 7l

grease, mingle together, then lay on. For leg aclio Book i.

again, for a draught, lielenium, kneeliolly, or butchers '' ^•'''*'"'-

broom, waUwort, or dwarf elder, Aorehound, cloffing,^

pound these, put them in water, so that it run over,

warm at the fire thoroughly, wash the ache or aching

part with the water, do that three times a day ; then

work up a salve of white hellebore, of helenium, of

thung or wolfs bane, of wormwood, put equal quantities

of them all, boil thoroughly.

xxix.

1. If a mans instrumenta genitalia be sore or puffed
out, triturate betony in wine, bathe with tliat the sore
and puffed up places. Again, if they he mucous, or
in eruption, take sage,' seethe in water, Imthe with
that tlie instrumenta.

2. Again, take dill burnt, mingle the ashes with
honey, work up to a salvo, then wash and bathe the
wounds first with hot water, after that with warm
oil or grease, on which myrtle has been sodden, then
lay the salve on.

XXX.

This shall be good for chilblain and in case that the Pernio,
skin of a mans feet come off by cold,^ let him take
the netherward part of meadowwort and lustmock and
oak rind, pound all to dust, mingle with honey, effect
a cure with that.

xxxi.

1. For every hard tumour or swelling, dry beans
and seethe them without salt, than mingle with honey,
lay on. For the same, take barley meai, seethe in

' Ranunculus sceleratus. ] ^ Oy Jjam focum, off the feet,

- Cf. Myreps. xlvii. 10. | not of.

72 ].iECE BOC.

6ft; pi]7 ]?on belenan merij pi^ pyj'ele l^je on, pi&
fjnle eft jebeat hunan nienj pi]? pypele leje on o8Se
jate hopn jebsejmeb 'j pi]? ppeceji jemen^eb. Gyz
jiypele o])]>e jelynbo pi]> japleac semenjeb -j on aleb
l70ne fjnle Jjpsen]?.

]}i]> fpile efc cepfiUe jecnupab mib jiyj'ele "j on
jemelt peax jebon -j on aleb bet. :•

ViS fpile eft jate fl?3fc jebsepneb to ahfan mib
fol. 27 a. psetepe on jefmiten ealne ]jone fpile topepe]?. 6ft

mnipejii p ip jojift f j'seb jecnupa "j peo]? on psetepe.
6ft pmfuUe pi]» pypele jemenjeb -j pi]? lilap "j pij?
celenbpan 88t • pomne jemenjeb. ])i]y yp lum pajtan "j
I'pile jentm heopotep pceapo]?an op })ani hopne o]>]>e
j^sej- hopnep melo menj pi]) psetep. finit on eal f popml"
•j ]7one ypelan pgetan apej be]? -j abjiip]*. :•

Pi]) fpile jemm jate tyjiblu on j'ceajipum ecebe
jej-oben -j on pelpe pifan on jebon.

Pi]? selcum yplum psetan mucjpypite }?a jjienan leap
jetpiipulab -j pi]7 pypele jejmben tojsebepe fmipe an
je }>eoli J'Pep bylftan on lynb f beali ]>i]> ]>an • je f
beah eac pi]> pota ^efpelle. ^i} mnan jepypfmebuni
jefpelle j^am ]?e pyjiS op pylle o]>]>e op jie^e oS^e 6f
hp.icpca hpilcum • ]>&, pypt ]>e hatte plpleape • jeniiii "j
jebeat "j leje on jelome oJ> ^te open fie pe fpile lacna
])onne ]>a punba fpa o}>fie punba. piS fpile ept hluttop
fol. 27 b. l^ic jemm bo ahfan to feoS setjsebepe jeleje }70nne

]7one fpile mib ]»y jelome. pi]? fpile eyz jate typblu
bpije ^ejnib -j afipte ]m\\h fma^l fipe bo ]'onne jiyple

].KE(J11 JJUUK. i. 73

vinegiir, put ou. Again for that, niingle henbane with Book I.
Lird, lay on. For a swelling again, beat horehonnd, ^^' ^^^''
mingle with lard, lay on, or goats horn burnt and
mingled with water. Again, lard or suet mingled with
garlic, and onlaid, dwindleth the swelling.

2. For swelling again, chervil pounded with lard
and added to melted wax, and laid on, is to boot oi-
amend.

3. For a swelling again, goats flesh burnt to ashes,
smudged on with water, removes all the swelling.
Again, pound the seed of juniper, that is gorse,^ and
seethe in water. Again, houseleek mingled with lard
and with bread and with coriander, mino;led too-ether.
Against ill humours and swelling, take shavings oft'
the horn of a hart, or meal of the horn, mingle with
water, smudge it on, it doth away and driveth off' all
that ratten and the evil wet.

4. Against swelling, take goats treadles sodden in
sharp vinegar, and applied in the same manner.

5. For every evil humour,^ mugwort, the green ^\iyixa and
leaves of it, triturated, and rubbed together with lard, ^'''^''^•
both smear on the thighs on which the mucus is, that

is good for them ; and that is good also for swelling
of the feet. For a swelling purulent within, such as
cometh of a fall or of a blow or of any crick, take
the wort that hight fiveleaf Oi' cinquefoll, and beat it
and lay it on frequently till that the swelling be
open, then tend the wounds as other wounds. For a
swelling again, take "clear pitch," ^ add ashes, seethe
together, then overlay the swelling with that frequently.
For swelling again, dry goats treadles, grate and sift
them through a small sieve, then add lard, as much as

' Some verb must be supplied to ' - Pituita molesta, of Horatius.

form a sentence, as frequently hap- • ^ Probably resin, as solid. See

pens. And of course iuniperus is Elseccepu, pale tar, in Lye.
not gorse. |

74 L^CE EOC.

to fpa fpa j^yn tpa punb -j ealbef pmej" fjnx micel fpa
jje p)ince pypc to fealpe.

6pt jebsejineb j-ealt jejiiib pel on jepleceb prt3tep
o]) f hit fie fpa }?icce fpa hunijef teap leje on j7one
fpile ojrep leje mib cla6e -j mib eopcijjie pulle binb
on. pi]? paeplicum fape -j jefpelle mm peax -j liemlic
jetjiipula ]'y]ic fpa peajiin to pealpe biiib on f j'aji. :•

Pi]? y-ceji fpile • mm liunan jebeat -j jemenj pip
jiypele leje on. 6pt mape tpymhte jput mealtep
fmebma • cepfan • cejej- p bpite bifceop j'ypt • elene •
ontpe • elehtjie • fijfonte • jalluc menj tofomne leje
on. pi]? beabum fpile • Nim jjiunbefpeljean leje on
jleba "j jepyjime "j leje }>onne fpa peapme on ]7one fpile
•j bebmb mib cla'Se Inet beon nihtejine on jip hip ]?eapp
fie. TJi5 beabum fpile ajpimoman jebeat menj pi5 pm
fol. i:s a. "j pijp ]-ealt bo on ]7one fpile pona jepit apej. Ipi]) fpile

attopla^an jecnupa lege on ]jone fpile leje la^fc on f
bolh pelf, bpenc pi]? beabum fpile ]3 he utplea eopop-
}?pote • eolone • jotpoSe • tpa penpypta bo on ealu
bpmce. pi]? beabum fpile jemm fpane pypt [^ecnupa
pel jemenj pi6 pejifcpe butepan leje on Jione fpile o]?
^ jelacnob fie. pi]? fpile cunille • fpjimj pyj^t elate
pyl on butepan -j on hunije leje on ]?a ]?ypta jemenj
piS ije^ey ^ hpite. Spe}?m5 pi]? fpile • ban pypt upe-
peapbe jecnupa fmeele ]?a )?ypte jemenj piS tujep f
hpite beclsem ^ lim mib ]?e j'e fpile on fie.

Pypc ]? hiep op ]?am ileum pyjitum on cealbum pylle
paetpe jecnupa ]?a pfpta f]'i]?e pel lege on f pjetep
lapa on ]?one fpile. :•

ViS fpile cnupa mSepeapbe hamop pypt *j pecj bmb
on.

LEECH BOOK. I. 75

two pounds, and as much of old wine as to thee may Book i.
seem good, work to a salve. ^''- ^^^^'

6. Again, rub burnt salt well in water made luke-
warm, till that it be as thick as a tear of honey, lay
on the swelling, overlay with a cloth, and with wool
of ewe, bind on. For sudden sore and swelling, take
wax and hemlock, triturate, work this so warm into a
salve, bind on the sore.

7. Against a sudden swelling, take horehound, beat
and mingle it with lard, lay on. Again, mingle to-
gether the cottony potentilla, comononly called silver-
weed, groats of malt, smede or fine flour, cress, the
white of an egg, bishopwort, helenium, ontre, lupins,

" sigsonte," comfrey, la}' on. For a dead^ swelling, take ' Without
groundsel, lay it on gledes and warm it, and lay it so ^'^^^^g-
warm on the Bevelling, and bind on with a cloth, let
it be on for a night, if need be for that. For a dead
swelling, beat agrimony, mix with wine and with salt,
apply it to the swelling, which soon will depart away.
For swelling, pound attorlothe, lay on the swelling,
lay least on " the wound" itself A draught for a dead
swelling, that it may break out, put carhna, helenimn,
goutweed, the two wenworts into an ale drink. For a
dead swelling, take " swanwort," pound it well, mingle
with fresh butter, lay on the swelling till that it
be healed. For a swelling, boil cunila, springwort,^
clote, in butter and in honey, lay the worts on, mingle
with them the white of an egg. A swathing for a
swelling, pound small the upper part of bonewort, mingle
with the wort the white of an egg, plastei" the limb
on which the swelling may be, with that.

8. Work the bath of the same worts in cold well
water, pound the worts very well, lay on, leave the
water on the swelling.

9. For a swelling, pound the netherward part of
hammerwort and sedge ; bind on.

' Euforbia lathyris.

76 lyece eoc.

.XXXII.

'AA^ds. AiVKT]. Lsecebomaf ]>i]> blaDce -j bae]? yiptyne ealjia.

pel eolenan ni]?epea]ibe -j mintan 6n^ j'ealcej- pynian

fol. 28 b. ']> hit fie jncce fpa bpip jemenj tojsebejie fmipe mib.

]>i]> bltece mm eolonan iii]?epeapbe "j ompjian eac fpa
fio ])e fpimme "j ontpan 'j bij'ceop pyjit 'j a^pcpmbe
]-eo]? on butepan apeoh ]mph cla6 menj ];oune piS pipop
•j pi]? teopan jejpmb fmijie mib. pi]? bl[ece pyl eolo-
nan on butepan menj pi]? jfote j-ealt • teojio • liunij •
ealb pape fmipe mib. piS blsece jenlm jope fmepo -j
ni]?epeapbe elenan *j bapan fppecel bifceop pypt "j
liejjiipan ]?a peo]?e]i pypta cnupa tofomne pel appmj
bo ]?ffip6n ealbjie fapan ciiclep pulne jip ]?u hsebbe
lytel eley menj pi]? fpi}?e -j on niht aly]?pe. Sceappa
]?one fpeopan opep funnan fetljanje geot fpijenbe ]?
blob on ypnenbe ]?8etep fpip ])pipa sep'cep • cpe]? ]?onne
hapa ]?u ]?a]- iinh^ele • -j jepi'c aj^ej mib janje ept on
clsenne pej to hufe *j 5eli])8e]?epne janj fpijenbe. bse]?
piS bloBCe apyl tyn j-i]?uni ]?a pypte on hpepe -j fynb-
jujea betonican • neptan mapubian- ajpimonian* jeappe*

fol. 29 a. mmte ebheolo]?e limblieolo]>e • cupmealle • eopb jealla •

bile • mepce • piiiul ealpa empela ^epyjic ]?onne fcol op
j?pim tpeopum ni]?an Sypele fite on bybene "j ])e opep-
lipep upan mib hpitle py Isep pe 8e]?m ut • jeot; unbep
J?one fcol on ]?a bybene leet peocan on • fpa ]?u meaht
on ]?am pyptum J?pipa bon • -j unbep ni]?an ftype mib
friccan ^ip ]?u hattpe j^ille • 'j tep }?am b8e]?e fmipe
]?one lichoman -j }?one •jplitan mib jefpette pastpe "j
jehpep tpa sejpu on hatum psetejie ji;efmi]ie ealne
]?one lichoman mib.

' on on, MS. I - majubian, MS.

LEECK r.OOK. I. 77

xxxii. Book I.

f"h. xxxii.

1. Leechdoms for blotch and baths. Fifteen in all.

2. Boil the netherward part of helenium and mint
in the runnings of salt, that it be as thick as brewit,
minofle together, smear therewith. Against blotch, take
the netherward part of helenium, and so also of dock
(that which will swim), and ontre, and bishopwort,
and ash rind, seethe in butter, strain through a cloth,
then mingle with pepper and with tar, grind these,
smear therewith. For blotch, boil helenium in butter,
mingle with soot, salt, tar, honey, old soap, smear
therewith. For blotch, take goose grease and the
netherward part of helenium and vipers bugloss, bishop-
wort and hayrife, pound the four worts together well,
wring them, add thereto of old soap a spoon full, if thou
have it, mingle a little oil with them thoroughly, and
at night lather on. Scarify the neck after the setting
of the sun, pour in silence the blood into running
water, after that spit three times, then say, " Have
thou this unheal, and depart away with it ;" go again on
a clean way to the house, and go either way in silence.

A bath ^ for blotch, boil ten times the worts in a basin ^ , , ,

. •■' Inula iiele'

and separately betony, nepeta, marrubium, agrimony, „,„,„.
yarrow, mint, horseheal,'"^ hindheal,^ churmel,*^ earthgall,'^ " Eupatonum
dill, marche, fennel, of all equally much, work then a <= chhra per-
stool of three pieces of wood, with a hole below, ^^^ 1"^^^%^.^^
on a bucket,^ and robe thee over from above with a centanreum.
garment lest the vapour escape ; pour the pre2Mred hot
liquor under the stool into the bucket, let it reek on
thee. So thou mayst do thrice with the worts, and
underneath stir with a stick if thou wilt have it
hotter; and before the bath smear the body and the
forehead with sweetened water, and shake up two
eggs in hot water, smear the whole body therewith.

' nupnj. Hippokr. I - Byden, now Bidet.

78 LJECE BOC.

Lsecebom pi]? lijieofum lice • abelpe ompjian *j jelob-
pypt ;^ecnupa • yyl ]?onne on but(3]ian bo lipon ]-ealtep
to. ]}i]> beabum lice fcsejjpyjit mejice jnib on ealoS
]-ele bjimcan. PiS hjieop le pell on hlonbe cpicpmbe ^ •
ellenjimbe nijpepeajibe • sepc pmbe • -j pab • elm pmbe •
hemlic bo j^onne butejian on -j liunij. pi]? hpeople
pejbppebe IsecepypC • leac • inmte • ina5])a • eolone •
fpepl jecnupa pi]' pyfle bo )78ep f[p]eplep fpilcan J^apa
pyjita tpsebe.

fol. 29 b. pi]? lijieople ept jemm lioppey jiyj'ele 5emen[5] fpi]je

pij; fealce fmipe mib. b?e]; pi]> lipeople • pyl on pgetejie
sepcpmbe • cpicbeam jiinbe • liolen jiinbe • pulanbeamej' •
ananbeamef • fecj • J^eoppypt • hejepipe • mapubian •
he]>e mib • -j ]5 lie jnib mib ]?pepe liejepipan. Pype
j'ealf e op majiubian on butejian • op pyjim nuilupe • op
hapan fppecele • hejepipan • jentm healpe ];a pealpe
jemenj pi]? jecnupabe elenaii fmipe o]? ]5 batije • pi]>]?an
mib ]??epe o]?eppe. bsej? pi]? J^am miclan lice eolone
bpom • ipij • mucpypt selppone • beolone • cotruc • epe-
lafran pyl on pPDtejie fpi]?e jeor on bybene -j pitte on.
bpmce ]?ipne bpenc pi]? }^on • beronican • cujimiUe hope*
ajjiimonia • fppmjpyji'c • jieabe netle • elehcjie • Saluie •
fmjpene • alexanbjiia • fie jepoplit op pilifcum ealaS
bpmce on }?am l)a}?e 'j ne IsBte on ]?one e]?m. Sealp pij?
]?am miclan lice • elene • ]>u.n-^ ompjie • jjmnbefpelje •
hole cepfan • pejbpcebe • epelafce • ontpe • hope • jaUuc •

fol. 30 a. cele]?onian • cottiic pel on butepan eal tojsebepe liealp

' Read ci'icbeanijiinbc.

LEECH BOOK. T.

79

3. A leechdoin for a leprous body, delve up dock and
silverweed, pound them, then boil them in butter, add
a trifle of salt. For deadness of the body, rub in ale
staithwort, marche, give to the patie7it to drink. For a
leper, boil in urine ^ rind of quickbeam, the netherward
part of elder rind, ash rind, and woad, elm rind, hem-
lock, then add butter and honey. For a leper, pound
with lard waybroad, leechwort, leek, mint, may the,
helenium, sulfur, put of the sulfur two parts to one of
the worts.

4. For a leper again, take fat of a horse, mingle
thoroughly with salt, smear with that. A bath foi-
a leper, boil in water ash rind, quickbeam rind, holly
rind, the foultree or black alder rind, rind of spindle
tree, sedge, ploughmans spikenard, hapife, marrubium,
bathe therewith, and rub the body with the hayrife.
Work a salve of marrubium in butter, of worm" meal,
of vipers bugloss, hayrife, take half the salve, mingle
with pounded helenium, smear till it get better, then
smear with the other half. A bath for the mickle
body or elphantiasis, boil in water thoroughly helenium,
broom, ivy, mugwort, enchanters nightshade (?), hen-
bane, mallow, everlasting, pour into a byden, and let
the iKitient sit upon it. Let a man drink against that
disorder this drink ; betony, churmel, hove, agrimony,
springwort, red nettle, lupin, sage, singreen, alexanders,
let it be wrought out of foreign ale, let the sick man
drink it in the bath, and let him not allow the vapour
to reach it. A salve for the mickle leprous body,
helenium, wolfsbane, dock, groundsel, field gentian,
waybroad, everlasting, ontre, hove, comfrey, celandine,
mallow, boil all in butter together, let half the salve

Book I.
Ch. xxxii.

" Cf. Aetius. I. ii. 108.

- Thus in later times : " Fair
large Earth-worms gathered in May
when they couple ; put them into a
Pail of Water at night till the next
morning, so will they have cleansed

themselves, then dry them before
the fire, or in an Oven, which when
through dry, beat into Ponder.'"
Salmon's English Physician, p.
G97, ed. 169.3. He adds the cures.

80

LyECK ROC.

fie fpinef pyyele o"55e liojij'ey fmejiu • fmijie p>onne mib.
Pi8 fpile jemm pejbpasban mo]7opeajibe jecnupa yi]>
pyfele leje -j jebmb on ]?one fpile.

<i>Ai;/CTai;'ai.

AKpoxopSciv,

fol. 30 b.

.XXXIII.

Djiencaf -j )'ealj:a pi); I'ppmje • ipjiinjpyji'c peabe hope •
jjejbpiebe • pepep puje • appotane • majej^e • pipoji •
j'tn . jip lie on eajian fie jebeate pe^bpteban • -j pepeji
pujean -j pipop • ppmj on ]5 eape. To pealpe pi^
ipjiinje • ntm bolhpnnan • pejbpa^ban majej^an • J?one
]j]iaban capel nio]7opeapbne • jeojimenleap ni];epeapb •
bocce nij^epepb • peabe hope • burepe "j hunij. Sealp
epr mebopypt. aeumban* hmb hioloSe* jeappe* cneop-
holen . sej^elpep^mj pypt . ajpimonia.

Pi]? beabum fpjunje. Pyl on butrepan felpsetan
fBptep ]?am^. *j fppmjpypt. pi]? fppmje majej^a • pubu
mepce • pypc to j-ealpe bpmce jobe pypta. Ui}? fppmje •
mm elehtjian jecnupa on hunij menj ro fomne lege
on ]?one fpile oj7]?8et hal pie. PI'S fppmje fppmjpyjit:
ceppillan ^j hunij 'j jope fmepa jecnupa pyl to pomne
leje on Sone fppmg.

. XXXIIII.

51 p nsejl fie op hanba -j pij? peap.hbpseban ntm hpgete
copn menj pi^ hunij leje on ]?one pmjeji. Pi5 anjnsejle
ap^efpeopp -j- ealbe j-apan *j ele jip ]?u hsebbe ^ip j^u
nsebbe bo plytan to menj tofomne leje on." :•

Pi]; peaphbpseban • ma3o];an cjioppan pyl on butepan
•j fealt fniipe mib.

' Read 8e}e]i}»an.

I -In the margin is some cypher.

LEECH BOOK. I. 81

be swines fat or horse grease ; tlien smear therewitli. Book l.
Against swelling, take the netherward part of way-
broad, pound with grease, lay and bind on the swelling.

xxxm.

1. Drinks and salves against pustule; springwort, red
hove, waybroad, feverfuge, abrotanon, maythe, pepper,
wine. If it, the inistule, be on an ear, beat waybroad
and feverfuge and pepper, wring tlie'm into the ear.
For a salve against a pustule, take pellitory, waybroad,
maythe, the netherward part of the broad colewort,
the netherward part of mallow, the netherward part of
dock, red hove, butter, and honey. A salve again,
meadow wort, tow,^ water agrimony, yarrow, butchers
broom, stichwort, agrimony.

2. For a dead pustule; boil in butter the herb wild
oat, teferth, and springwort. For a pustule, maythe,
wood marche, work thesa into a salve, let him drink
good worts. For a pustule, take lupin, pound in honey,
mingle together, lay on the swelling till it be hole.
For a jDustule, pound springwort, chervil, and honey
and goose grease, heat them together, lay tliis on the
pustule.

xxxiv.

1. If a nail be off the hand, and against a warty
eruption,''^ take wheat corn, mingle with honey, lay on pro^ablv""''
the finger. For an angnail,^^ brass filings and old soap, b xiapwvvxM,
and oil if thou have it, if thou have it not, add cream,
mingle together, lay on.

2. For warty eruption, heat in butter bunches of
maythe and salt, smear therewith.

' Understand, in ashes. " Lin- I medicina; est ; et einis spodii (h-orj/

teorum lanugo e velis navium ma- \ Jiliiigs) vimhabet." Plinius, xix. 4.

ritimarum maxime, in magno usu I

VOL. II. F

82 L^CE BOC.

.XXXV.

Me\avia. Be afpeajitebum 'j abeabebiim lice iio abl cymb oftol'r

Cf.Gliltumde*^^' ^™^"^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^®^™^ ^^ ^^^ ^epitenpe peo]i]>e«
Simpl. Med. jipiluiii lic afpeajicob • ];onne op j^am p pum pelme fio
ed. 182G. ' ^^1 ^1^^*^ cealbum l^injuni bi]^ to celanne -j to lacmanne •
*j ]?onne fio abl cymS utan butan fpeotolum tacne •
J^onne pcealt J;u jepept ]?a liseto celan mib cellenbjie
jetjiipulabpe mib lilapef cjiuman oppenbiim mib cealb
ptetpe oj'j^e mib ])y pelpan feape J^sepe cellenbpe • o])])e
fol. 31 a. mib ssje]' ]>y hpite oJ^J^e mib pme o]>]m mib o])pum

Jjinjum ]7am J?e p ilce rasejen htebbe • ]wnne pe ]jelma
-j fio liseto fie apej jepiten "j pe bsel ]>i!ey liclioman
fie jepenbeb hpon o^Se blaac oJ'J'e pon o]>]>e fpilcep
hpget j'ceap.pa J^onne ];a fcope ]?oiine betft j^u "Sa • "j
bjuje mib onlejene fpa fpa mon on peax lilape *j op
peajimmn bepe • -j op fpelcum l^mjum pypcS.^ Nif him
blob to Iretanne on tebjie ac ma liipa man pceal tilian
mib pyptbpencum utypnenbum o])]>e fpij^lum o]>]>e mijo-
Itim mib J>y ]>u mealit clajnfian f omcyn -j ]>8ep ^eallan-
co'Se l^a jieaban • je ]>eah ]? ypel cumen ne fie op ]?ajia
omena pelme fpa l:»eali beali fpilcum mannum j'e peeappa
pyptbpenc. Tip }>a omihtan pannan j^mj o]?]?e J?a peaban
fyn utan cumen op punbum o]>]>e op fmj'injum oSSe
op plenum fona J>u ]?a J'lnj lacna mib pceappmje -j
onlejena bepef septep ];sepe pifan J?e Isecaf cunnan pel
\)u. hit betft. Tip ]3 afpeajitobe lie to ]7on fpi|7e abeabije
fol. 31 h. ^ |;ae]i nan jepelnep on ne fie |?onne pcealt ]?u pona

eal "^ beabe *j ]3 imjepelbe op afni]?an o\> f cpice he •
]3 Jjseji na miht |)?ep beaban licef to lape ne fie J^aef j^e
sep ne ij-en ne pyji jepelbe. jGpteji J'on lacnije mon
)ja bolh fpa J>u ]?one bsel ]>e ]?onne jit hpilce hpeja

' pync, MS.

LEECH BOOK. T. 83

XXXV. Book I.

Ch. XXXV.

Of swarthened and deadened body. The disease
Cometh oftenest of corrupt humours after the inflamma-
tion of the disease which has passed away, the body
whilom becometh swarthy. Then, from the original
inflammation, the disease is to be cooled and to be
tended with cold appliances. And when the disease
Cometh from without, without a manifest token of its
cause, then shalt thou first cool the heat with triturated
coriander, with crumbs of bread moistened with cold
water or with the juice itself of the coriander, or with the
white of egg, or with wine, or with other things which
have the same virtue. When the inflammation and the
lieat are gone away and the part of the body is turned
somewhat to he either pale or livid or somewhat such,
then scarify the place, thou wilt then better it ; and
dry it with an application such as a man works of
wax cake and warm beer and of such things. He is
not to be let blood on a vein, but rather the symptoms
shall be tended with wort drinks, of a perfluent
nature, either emetic or diviretic, with which thou
mayest cleanse the corrupt humour and its red gaU-
sickness. Yea, though the evil be not come of the
inflammation of the corrupt humours, yet for such men
the sharp wort drink is beneficial. If the pituitous
livid or red symptoms be come from without, from
wounds or from cuttings or from blows, soon do thou
heal those matters with scarif5dng and onlayings^ of ^ 'Ein06>aTa.
barley, after the manner which leeches well know;
thou shalt amend it. If the swarthened body be to
that high degree deadened that no feeling be thereon,
than must thou soon cut away all the dead and the
unfeeling fiesJi, as far as the quick, so that there be
nought remaining of the dead flesh, which ere felt
neither iron nor fire. After that one shall heal the
wounds, as thou wouldst the part which as yet may

P 2

84 L^CE BOC.

jejrelnej^j-e lisebbe • "j eallunja heabe ne fynb/ pu j-cealt:
mib jelomhcjie fceappunje hpilum mib miclum* lipilum
mib jreaptjm pene ^ teoli~ f blob ppam ])S3]\e abeabeban
fcope laciia 6a pceajipan ]my • ^emm bean raela o]y]>e
setena • oSSe bejief • dpl^e fpilcej- melupep fpa J?e ]?ince
f htc onniman pille bo eceb to "j hunij peo]? petjsebepe
*j leje on 'j bmb on ]?a ]"apan fcopa. Tip ]m polbe p
fio pealp fjnSjie fie bo lycel pealcep to on bmb hpilum "j
l^peah mib ecebe o]>]^e mib pine. Tip J^eapp lie j'ele
hpilum pyptbjienc • -j jej'ceapa fimle J^onne J;u p>a fcpan-
jan Isecebomaj- bo hpilc p msejen fie *j fio jecynb J^sej-
lichoman • hpoe]?ep hio fie fcpanj ]?e heapb -j ea}>elice
moeje j^a ftpanjan Isecebomap abepan ]>e hio lie hnepce
•j meappe 'j ]>ynne *j ne nueje abejian ]?a laeceboma]-.
bo ]>u Sa Isecebomaf fpilce ])u pa lichoman ^efie • pop
];on Se micel jebal "ij* on psepnebef *j pipep -j cilbep
lichoman • -j on ]?am msejene \>sei bsejhj^amlican
pyjihtan *j ]?8ep iblan j^pep ealban -j ]?8ep jeonjan -j
pijiep J>e fie ^epm^ ppopmijum • -j psej' J?e fie unje-
puna fpelcum J'lnjum • je ];a hpitan lichoman beo6
meajiuppan -j tebpan J^onne |?a blacan • 'j ]?a peaban.
jip pu piUe Itm aceoppan oSSe afniSan op lichoman
ponne jefceapa pu hpilc fio fcop fie • "j peepe ftope
msejen • poji pon 8e papa ftopa fum pape potap jip
hipe mon jimeleaflice tilaS • fume latop pelaS pajia
Iseceboma fume jiapop - jip pu pcyle aceoppan oS^e
afmpan unhal lim op halum lice ponne^ ceopp pu f on
pam jemsepe peep halan licef • ac micle fpipop fen's o'SSe
ceojip on f hale -j f cpice lie fpa pu hit pel -j papop
jelacnoft. ponne pu pyp fette on mannan ponne mm
pu mejipep poppep leap 'j jejmben pealt opep le^e pa

' Kead fy. i ^ Eead sejmna.

- Kead ]ienian t teohan. | ' Insert ne.

LEECH BOOK, I. 85

have some feelinor, and be not altogether dead. Thou ^^^"^ i-

. . . . . Ch. XXXV

shalt with frequent scarifying, whilom with miekle,
whilom with slight, wean and draw the blood from
the deadened place. Cure the scarifyings thus ; take
bean or oat or barley meal, or some of such meal as
to thee seemeth good, so that it will serve, add vine-
gar and honey, seethe together and lay on, and bind
upon the sore places. If thou shouldst wish that the
salve be stronger, add a little salt, bind on at whiles
and wash with vinegar or with wine. If need be,
give at whiles a wort drink, and observe always when
thou art applying the strong leechdoms, what the
power be, and what the nature of the body of the
]jatient ; whether it be strong and hardy, and easily
may bear the strong leechdoms, or whether it be nice
and tender and thin, and may not bear the leechdoms.
Apply the leechdoms according as thou seest the state
of the body. For a miekle difference is there, in the
bodies of a man, a woman, and a child ; and in the
main ov constitution of a daily wright or labourer and
of the idle, of the old and of the young, of him who is
accustomed to endurances, and him who is unaccustomed
to such things. Yea, the white bodies be tenderer and
weaker than the black and the red. If thou wilt caive
off or cut off a limb from a body, then view thou of
v/hat sort the place be, and the strength of the place,
since some or one of the places readily rotteth if one
carelessly tendeth it : some feel the leechdoms later,
some earlier. If thou must carve oflp or cut off an
unhealthy limb off from a healthy body, then carve
thou not it on the limit of the healthy body ; but
much more cut or carve in on the hole and quick body ;
so thou shalt better and readier cure it. When thou
settest fire on a man, then take thou leaves of tender
leek and grated salt, overlay the places, then shall be
by that the more readily the heat of the fire drawn

86 L^CE BOC,

fol. 32 b. Ibope }>onne biS j^y ])e pajjop ]?8ej' pyjie)- hseto apej

atojen • ]? ilce bij? nytcol icej' jflite o))]7e liunbef jip
hit man yona to be^S • -j ept ymb ])jieo niht fmijie
mib humje f ]>y ]>e pa];op fio hpypnj op fealle.

. XXXVI.

PiJ> ]>?e]\e able ]7e men hset cijicul abl jentm cpicbeam
jimbe • -j sepfan • -j apulboji • mapulboji • ellen • pi]?i5 •
pealh • piji • pice • Sc • ylahj^opn • bijicean • elebeam •
jatetpeop • sepcep pceal msept • "j felcep tpeopep basl
]?e man bejitan mgej • butan bpe^j^opne -j alojie Jpapa
tpeopa msept J?e heji apjiiten pynb "j eac jajel -j cneop
bolen • finjjienan eolonan • jiebic pealpypt • ]?a jpeatan
netlan » pepmob eo]i]:> jeallan. ^entm }?onne tynam-
bepne cetel bo ]>]iibban bsel ]?a]\a jimba -j J>a pypta
pylle fpij^e on max])yjite jip ]m hsebbe • jip J?u nsebbe
pyl on psetpe fpij^e • bo j^onne op ]>a pinba "j bo nipe on
fol. 33 a. mnan f ilce pof bo fpa ]?]iipa afeoh ]?onne clsene fpa

hatne }?one bpenc "j bo ];onne mele pulne butepan on
fpa hatne -j jehpepe tojsebepe l?et ftanban tpa niht
o]?]?e ]7peo • abo j^onne op j^a butejian "j jemm ];oime
jajel cjioppan • -j ipij cpoppan • helban • -j betonican
eolonan • pebic • banpypt . eop'5 miftel jebeat tojas-
beyie pylle on jjsepe butepan abo J7onne |?a butepan
clgene op ]?am pyptum |??ep |^e mon mseje • jenim ]7onne
fmsel bepen mela *j jebsepneb pealt bpipe )?onne on

' Zc^;'?7, or ZwaTTip.

LEECH BOOK. I.

87

away. The same 'process is advantageous for frogs ^ or ^^^^ I-
liounds bite, if one soon applieth it. And again, for
about three nights, smear with honey, that thereby the
more readily the scab or crust may fall off.

xxxvi.

Against the disease which is hight circle addle^ or
shingles, take quickbeam rind, and aspen and apple
tree, maple tree, elder, withy, sallow, myrtle, wich
elm, oak, sloe thorn, birch, olive tree, the lotus tree,^
of ash there shall be most, and a part of each tree
which a man can get at (except hawthorn and alder),
the largest quantity of the trees which are here written,
and also gale and knee holly, that is, butchers hroom,
singreen, that is, house leek, helenium, radish, wallwort,
the great nettle, wormwood, earthgall.^ Take then
a kettle holding ten ambers, put therein a third part
of the rinds and the worts, boil strongly in mashwort,
that is, the unfermented luort of beer, if thou have it, if
thou have it not, boil strong in water, t hen remoth3
rinds, and put new rinds into that same decoction, do
so three times, then strain out clean the drink so hot,
and then add a basin full of butter so hot, and shake
them up together : let this stand two nights or three,
then remove the butter, and then take catkins of gale,
berry branches of ivy, tansy, and betony, helenium,
radish, bonewort, basil, beat together, boil in the butter,
then remove the butter clean off t]ie worts, as far as a
man may : then take fine barley meal and burnt salt,

' No doubt//'0(/,Cod.Ex.p. 426-9.
Dioskorides Alexifarm. 31. has a
chapter on the ^pvvrj, or toad, and
the Barpaxos e\eios, or " marsh
frog," as poisonous.

- luPlinius Valerianus. Circinus.

*' Vesicae si homiuem cinxerint oc-
cidunt."

^ Are we to suppose Carpinus
was read as Caprinus, and say horn-
beam for lotus ?

' Erythrcea centmireuin.

88

L^CE BOC.

fol. 33 b.

])Sd]\e butepan -j hjiejie ]7onne fpij^e butan pype -j ho
pipop to ere l^onne repefc J^one bpip on neaht neptij.
bpmce ]7onne seftep ];one bpenc -j nanne o]?epne peetan
■cyn nihtum J^pitij jlp he mjBje • jemm ]?oniie acmifcel
jebeat fmaele "j abpije *j jejnib to melupe apeli ]7onne
fi\> aenne peninj bo ]? on ]5 betfte pm. bpmc fpa
nijon bajaf -j ne ete nipne cife ne peppce jof • ne
peppcne sel • ne Fe[p]]-c fpin • ne naht |7S9p ]>e op
mopobe cume • ne pixaf • tinpcellehte • ne plohtenpote
pujelaf* jip lie hpilc J>ipfa ete fie ^ pealt -j nane
Jjinja beop ne bpmce "j jemetlice pm -j eala • jip moq
];ifum Isecebome bepylijS ];onne bij? fe man lial; pi|?
cipcul able jemm boccan ]?a j^e fpimman pille jebeat
fpijje fmale apylle on ealbum mopobe ^obe lianb pulle
bo l^onne ]?a pypta op bo ept o]?pe lianb pulle j^sepe
ilcan pypte pylle ept fpiSe jebo }»onne J^a ]'y]ita op
jenim ];onne fpepl jebeat fpi]?e fmale jebo j^onne on
]7a pealpe f hio fie fpa J>icce fpa bpip fmijie ]?oime J^a
fpeccan mib J^Eepe fealpe o]? f him pel fie.

Marcellus,
362, d.

Marcellus,
362, d. e.

fol. 34 a.

.XXXVII.

pi]? Jpon ]>e mon ne mseje hip micjean jehealban -j
]?8epe 5epealb na^e eopopej- clapa o]?]?e oppej- fpinej- je-
b£epn to ahfan pceab ]7onne pa ahfan on J^sej' peocan
mannef bpmcan. 6pt fpmef blsebpan untybpenbej- f ip
jylce jebaspn to ahpan bo on pm fele bpmcan. Jfi])
]7on ilcan ept jate blsebpe ahypfce pele etan • fume fpa
jehypfte jejniba]? to bufce fceab on pm pellaS bpmcan
jlp hie beo^ butan pejrjie. jip mon ne mseje jeinijan
ept cymenef jenim fpa micel fpa Su mib ]?pim pinjpum

LEECH BOOK. I. 8i)

next make a brewit of tliein in the butter, and shake Book i.

it well up without fire, and add pepper, then let the

patient eat first the brewit at night fasting. Further

after that let him drink the draught and none other

liquid for ten nights, for thirty if he can endure it ;

then take mistletoe of the oak, beat it small and dry it,

and rub down to meal, then weigh it against one

penny, put that into the best wine ; let the sufferer

drink this accordingly for nine days, and let him eat

neither new cheese, nor fresh goose, nor fresh eel, nor

fresh pig, nor augbt of that which cometh of a decoction,

nor fishes without shells, nor web footed fowls ; if he

eat any of these, let it be salted, and by no means

let him drink beer, and wine and ale moderately. If

this leechdom be followed then shall the man be hole.

Against circle addle or shingles, take dock that will

swim, beat it very small, boil in old inspissated wine a

good handful, then remove the worts, afterwards add

another handful of the same wort, boil again thoroughly,

then remove the worts ; then take brimstone, beat

it very small, then apply the salve, so that it may

be as thick as brewit, then smear the specks with

the salve till it be well with him, the patient.

xxxvii.

In case that a man may not retain his urine and have
not control over it, burn to ashes claws of a boar or
of another swine, then shed the ashes on the sick mans
drink. Again, burn to ashes the bladder of an unpro-
lific, that is a gelt, swine, put it into wine, administer
it to drink. For the same, fry a goats bladder, give
it to the man to eat ; some, when so fried, reduce it
to dust, and %vhen shed into wine, give it to the men
to drink, if they be without fever. Again, if a man
may not pass water, take of cummin as much as thou
mayst lift with three fingers, triturate it, and add

90

LMCE BOC.

Marcellus,
358, g.

Marcellus,
362, d.

fol, 34 b.

up aliebban mneje jetjiifula -j jebo to pmej- cpejen
bollan f ulle • -j o]?pe cpejen paecepef pele bjiincan nihc-
neptijum. 6pc jip mon ne mseje jemijan bpmce jy]?-
pipan on psecjie jejnibene. 6pc ^enime eac jeajipan *j
pejbpseban pyl on pme pele bjimcan. 6pt pammep
bltebpe jefobene Jiicje he. ^entm pmolef pypccjiuman
epc • 'j ]7a j'ypt; pelpe jebeat "j jepiib on pm opJ>sene
pel "j apeoh pele bpmcan. 6j:t- jofa tunjan jebjisebbe
•j jejacje. 6pt; jip pu pmbe pile on oj'pum pifce
innan jentm ]?one -j jebjifeb fpij^e -j jebjiyce on bpim-
can -j pele ]?am peocan men bpmcan fpa he nyte fpa
]?u pcealt ]?a oj'pe ?ecap "j bpmcan j-ellan. rip mon ne
mseje gemijan bjimce he lilian pyptcpuman apyllebne
on pme o^Se on eala'S. Tip he J'onne to fpiSe mije
bjimce ^yjjpipan on psetepe jejmbene. Tip mon blobe
mije jemm pubu popan feoJ> on psetpe o^8e on ealaS
j-ele bpmcan.

Gtp pip ne mseje jemijan mm tunceppan fseb feoS
on pffitpe j'ele bpmcan. Jip mon ne mgeje jemijan
jecnupa lupefcice *j ellenpmbe -j oleafepum 'p tp pilbe
elebeam jemen^ piS fupum hluttpum eala'S pele
bpmcan.

.XXXVIII.

J^eR linbon bolh pealpa to eallum punbiim "j bjiencap
•j clsenpunja^ on jehpilce pifan je utan je on f'am
mnoJ?um. pejbpsebe jebeaten pi's ealbne pypele je-
menjeb peppc ne nyt bij?.

^6pC bolhpealp jentm pejbpseban fasb jetpipula fmale
pceab on |?a punbe pona bi^ pelpe.

claej-nunsa, MS.

Herbar. Apul. ii. 6.

LEECH BOOK. I. 91

thereto two bowls full of wine and two others of water, Book i.
give it to the sick to drink after his nights fasting. Ch.xxxvn.
Again, if a man cannot mie, let him drink githrife,
rubbed fine in water. Again, take also yarrow and
waybroad, boil them in wine, give them to be drunk.
Again, let him eat a rams bladder sodden. Again, take
roots of fennel and the wort itself, beat it and rub it
fine into wine, moisten well and strain it, and admi-
nister it to drink. Again, let him roast ^ and partake
of the tongues of geese. Again, if thou find a fish
within another fish, take and roast it thoroughly, and
break it to bits into a draught, and give it to the sick
man to drink in such a manner that he know it not.
So shalt thou give the other meats and drinks. If
a man may not pass water, let him drink a root of
a lily boiled in wine or in ale. If he then mie too
strongly, let him di-ink githrife in water, rubbed to
(lust. If a man mie blood, take dog roses, seethe thera
in water or in ale, administer them to drink.

If a woman may not pass water, take seed of garden
cress, seethe it in water and give it her to drink. If
one may not pass water, pound lovage and elder rind
and oleaster, that is wild olive tree, mix this with
sour clear ale, and give to drink.

xxxviii.

1. Here are wound salves for all wounds and drinks
and cleansings of every sort, whether without or in
the inwards. Waybroad beaten, mixed with old lard ;
the fresh is not of use.

2. Again, a wound salve ; take seed of waybroad,
bray it small, shed it on the wound, soon it will be
better.

' Our Saxon has not been careful I is set down in Marcellus as restrain-
in the selection of his recipes ; this | ing " profluvium urinse."

92 LJiCE BOC.

Pi]? ealbpe piuibe tobjiocenpe ^jiunbefpelje jn]? ealhne
pyj-ele jemenjeb *j on aleb lacna fpilce punba. To
punbe clseDpunje -^ jentm clc"ene humj jepyjime to
fyjie jebo J^onne on clsene psec bo pealc ro "j hpepie o|?
■p hic lisebbe bpipej- ]?icne]-pe fmijie |?a punbe mib |)onne
fol. 35 a. pulla^ hio. jip banbjiice on heapbe fie majej^an "j

5ocpo]?an jecnupa pel on hunije bo ]?onne bucepan on
f bi^ job bolhpealp. Gyt pi^ |?on eac bi]? job lufc-
mocan cpop co lecjanne on jebjiocen heapob *j jtp
hunb plice. ]}i]> hunbep j'lice jemm J^a peaban netlan
•j accoplajpan -j fpicej- sleep empela feoS on burepan
pypc CO ]-ealpe pona beoS ])Si unnytcan ban nte.

bolli pealp piS limjen able • lileomoce hacce pyjic fio
peaxeS on bpoce jepypc J?a on mopjenne ]?onne bio
jebeap lie fume beoS unbeape "j jofe fceapn ])onne
bio ne ere • jecnupa ]?a bleomocan menj pi]? ]7am jofe
pceapne • bo Isep J^aep fceapnep pyl on bucepan appmj
p bij; 50b pealp. Sealp bapan fppecel mm on ealbum
lanbe ^ kmjenpypc feo bi]? jeolu upepeapb -j sejef
bybjnn mib J?y j'ceal mon lacnian ]?one man ];e bi]?
lunjenne punb. pij? mnan punbe pealp • ptn ele •
fol. 35 b. jalluc . hunij. bolhpealp 5y]>pif e -j jelob pypc -j ];a

bpunan pypc bpableapan fio peaxe]? on puba "j lufc-
moce cpoppan • jecnupa ]?a ealle -j pyl pepefc on bure-
jian bealpe 'j appmj.

bolb pealp epc jjiunbe fpelje J?a Se peaxa'S on pop]?i-

"^ jtim fio bi]) 50b CO bolhpealpe *j jiibbe -j jeappe •j ji]?-

pipe jecnupa }>a pypca ealle pyl on bucepan -j appinj.

6pc bolbj'ealp 50b acpinb abjiije ];a pmbe -j fpiSe fmale

Tecnupa "j abelp ni]7epeapbne j-lali Sopn aj-cap ]ja yce-

- clajj-nunge, MS.

I

LEECH BOOK. I. Ho

3. For an old bruised wound, groundsel mingled Book l.
with old lard, and laid on : tend such wounds thus. '' ''''''""■
For cleansing of a wound ; take clean honey, warm it

at the fire, put it then into a clean vessel, add salt,
and shake it till it have the thickness of brewit, smear
the wound therewith, when it turneth foul. If there
be a bone breach in the head, pound maythe and
goutweed well in honey, then add butter, that is
a good wound salve. Again for that, a bunch of
" lustmock " is good to lay on a broken head, and also
if a hound tear a man. For tearing by a hound, take
the red nettle and attorlothe and some lard, of each
an equal quantity, seethe in butter, work to a salve,
soon the useless bones will be out.

4. A wound salve for lung disease. A wort is called
hleraock, which waxetli in brooks, and is nov: hrool--
lime, work it, that is, deal with it in a morning when
it is dewy, (some 'plaiits of it are undew}'), and sharn
of goose dropped when the goose eats not ; pound the
brooklime, mingle with the dung of goose, put in less
of the sharn than of the wort, boil in butter, wring
through a cloth, that will be a good salve. A salve :
take vipers bugloss, grovjii on an old tilth, and golden
lungwort,^ and a yolk of egg, with this shall one tend " Tlieracium

1 . 1 1 • J.1 1 -ri • T murorum and

a man who is wounded m the lung. Jbor an mward ^„/„,t,„,,,.j„,„.

wound, a salve : wine, oil, comfrey, honey. A wound

salve : githrife and silver weed, and the broadleaved

brownwort which waxeth in woods, and a bunch of

the flowers of '' lustmock "; pound all these and boil

first in a half proportion of butter, and wring through

a cloth.

5. Again, a wound salve: the groundsel which waxeth
in highways, that is good for a wound salve, and rib-
wort, and yarrow, and githrife ;b pound all ihe-woris,^ Agrostemma
boil in butter, and squeeze through a cloth. Again, a 9^^''^'9"-
good wound salve : oak rind ; dry the rind and pound

it very small, and delve up the nethermost jpart of a

94 LiECE BOC.

mefean pmbe -j fpiSe fmale jecnupa ajfipc fmale j^ufih
fmrel fipe bo bejea empela f mela biS 50b on to
fceabenne, rip pu paSe pille lytle punbe jelacnian
eacepfan jetjiipula oS'Se jefeo^ on buCepan pyjic to
pealpe fmipe mib. bolh pealp • jeappan • jyl^jupau •
fmjpenan • jotpojmn Itefc jecnupa piS butepan fpiSe
pel leje neahtepne fpa jecneben • bo Jjonne on pannan
pyl fpiSe bo f pam op clsene apeoh j^uph claS bo on lipit
pealt h]\e]\ fpiSe o]; p jeftanben fie. bolhpealp mejifc
hope sej^elpepSmjpypt "j jy]?]iipan -j fm^penan on ]>a
foi. 36 a. ilcan pifan p/pce. bollipealp jenim pabef cpoppan "j

netelan eac jecnupa pel • pyl on butejian afeoli ];upli
claS bo lipit fealt on lipejie fpiSe,

bolhpealp acpmb • eepepSe • meobopypc abpije ealle
■j jecnupa fmale apipt Jmjili pipe men^ pi]; hnnije -j
rejep p hpite. bollipealp i^iy mon fie mib ipene je-
punbob • pubupope • fm^jiene • jelobpypt fppmj pypt •
3yj7pipe • jpunbefpelje • majoSe pypm pypt niojjopeajib
jecnua pel tofomne ealle menj piS butepan pyl pa
pjjjita on psepe butepan fpiSe apleot p pam op clsene
afeoli pupil cla5 bo on blebe lipep piS op p jefcanben
fie.

^tp mon mib tpeope jej-lejen fie o"S^e mib ftane
oppe byl on men jebepfteS • to pon bollipealp • jyp-
pipe • ontpe • jelobpypt • pijelhpeoppa • jecnupa pa
pypta fpipe jemenj pel piS butepan -j on pa ilcan
pifan jepena pe ic sep cppep.

Jip men fie lim op aple^en • pmjep o^6e pot oppe
lianb jip p meaph ute fie . jenim pceapej' meaph je-

LEECH BOOK. I. 95

blackthorn, shave off the outermost "paH of the rind Book L

and ponnd it very small, sift it small through a small ^^xruu

sieve, put togettver equal quantities of both, the meal is

good to shed on a vjound. K thou wilt quickly cure

a little wound, bruise or seethe in butter water cress,

work it into a salve, smear therewitL A salve for

wounds : pound very well with butter, yarrow, cockle,

singreen, or hjou^leek, of goutweed the least, lay them

by for a night so bruised, then put them into a pan, boU

thoroughly, remove the foam clean off. strain through

a cloth, add white salt,' shake it well up till it

be got firm. A wound salve; work up in the same

wise marsh hove, stichwort, and cockle, and singreen.

A wound salve ; take heads of woad and of nettle,

also pound them well, boil in butter, strain through a

cloth, add white salt, shake thoroughly.

6. A wound salve : oak rind, '' aeferthe, ' meadowwort :
dry all these and pound them small, sift the diud
through a sieve, mingle with honey and the white of
an egg. A wound salve, if a man be wounded with

iron: woodroffe, singreen, silverweed, springwort,* gith- ^ Evforbia
rife, groundsel, maythe, the lower part of wormwort, ^"'
pound them all well together, mingle with butter, boil
the worts in the butter thoroughly, skim the foam
off clean, strain through a doth, put U on a saucer;
shake it till it be concrete.

7. If a man be .smitten with wood or with stone,
or if a boU bursteth on a man, for this a wound salve :
cockle, "ontre,'' silverweed, turnsole, pound the worts
thoroughly, mingle weU with butter, and prepare in
the same wise which before I quoth.

8. If a limb be smitten off a man, a finger, or a foot,
or a hand, if the marrow be out, take sodden sheeps

- Sail DOT ^uitc pTire is z.'.a -a^id-i/c : the Latin and Gre^ authors ; per-

mticli c-.ome5 rei frcrr. vn jis ; : haps tliis is an evasioo of that

much dirty from the saiTpans. Sal | drag,

ammoidacian is oftea pre&cnbfcd in I

96 L.ECE EOC.

j'oben leje on f o]>e]\ meapli • appi]^ fpiSe pel neahtejine.
fol. 30 1). bolh yealj: • h^cylef jiaju -j bolen pmbe m];epea]ibe • 'j

;;5y|)jiipan jecnua fpiSe pel ]>a pfjita jemens pi5 buce-
pan feocS fpiSe pleoc op p pam afeoh ]>upli claS fpij^e
clfiene jip psej' boljep oppap fynb to hea ymb frpic
mib hate ipene fpiSe leohrlice f p pel bpitije.

bolhpealp jotpoj^an i^ecnupa fpiSe pel mej pi"S bute-
pan feoS fpiSe -j j^yll -j appmj J'uph cla8 pleot f pam
op jepelc fpi'Se pel • jip bolh pulije ceop fcpsel pyptr
on -j jeappan. bolhpealp jenim jiibban • -j jeappan •
■j bolhpunan nio]>opea]ibe • -j boccan -j ^ope pceapu 'j
picef lytel • "j hunij pylle on butepan bo on f bolh
})onne clsenfaS hit -j halaS. bolhj-ealp jentm jeappan
•j Ifece pypt pyl on butepan.

Sealp yip ];on f bolh ne pulije jemm bpeji J?e hiopan
on peaxa]; ceop J^a jnnbe on f bolh ne pula]? hit.
bolhpealp mebopypt niojwpeapb • lufcmoee • hope • eopoji
peajm • pyl on hunije bo j^icce maxpyjit on jemanj.
fol. 37 a. bolhbpenc • eopopj^jiote mopopeajib "j mebopypt eac fpa

ajjiimonia nioj^opeajib "j upepeajib pyl on ealaj> ]>a, pypita
jebijim mib jifte pele bjiincan.

bolhbpenc jeacej- fujian pubu cuniUe jij^pipe • eopop-
}>]iote ni])epeapbe cepc)jpote cnupa fmale bo on cealb
pEetep jmb betpeoh lianbum afeoh J>uph cla8 pele

LEECH BOOK. I. 97

marrow, lay it on the other marrow, bind it well up for ^'(^(^^ I-...
a night. A wound salve : the lichen of hazel, and the
netherward part of holly rind and githrife, pound the
worts very well, mingle with butter, seethe thoroughly,
skim off the foam, strain through a cloth very
clean ; if the edges of the wound are too high,^ run
them round with a hot iron very lightly, so that
the skin may whiten.

9. A wound salve : pound very thoroughly, gout-
weed, mingle with butter, seethe thoroughl}^, and boil,
and wring through a cloth, skim off the foam, salt it
very well ; if the wound get foul, chew strailwort up-
on it and yarrow. A wound salve: take ribwort and
yarrow, and the netherward part of pellitory, and dock,
and goose dung, and a little pitch, and honey, boil in
butter, apply it to the wound, then it cleanseth and
healeth. A wound salve : take yarrow and leechwort,
boil in butter.

1 0. A salve to the end that a wound may not foul :
take briar, on which hips wax, that is, dog rose, chew
the rind and let it drop on the wound, then it Avill
not foul. A wound salve : the netherward part of
meadow wort, lustmock, hove, everfern, boil in honey,
add thick mashwort among them. A drink for wounds :
the netherward part of everthroat, that is, cavline
thistle, and meadow sweet, so also the nether and up-
ward part of agrimony, boil the worts in ale, barm
them with yeast, that is, introduce fermentation with
yeast, administer to drink.

11. A wound drink : pound small, cuckoo sour,
wild cunila,^ cockle, the netherward part of carline
thistle, ashthroat, put them into cold water, rub be-
tween the hands, strain through a cloth, administer to

' Probably, if the edges are likely to coalesce, before the parts that lie
deeper.

- Plinius, XX. 63.

VOL. n. G

98 LiECE BOC.

bjimcan fcenc fulne nealitnejcij. bolhbjienc jiibbe
nio|;epea]ib -j ufej^eapb • eoj:op];]iocan • -j seyc J?)iot;an
niojjopeapbe cuiipa finale bo on peallenbe pajteji jnib
becpeoli lianbum -j aj'eoli |ni]ili cla8 yele bjimcan. To
gelcum bolje j'ealj: • ^efomna cue mefa cu mi5o]?a je-
pyjice CO flynan ]>a fpa mon fapan j'ypcS micelne citel
fulne • mill ]7onne apulboji jimbe 'j sej'C pmbe j-lali];o]in
jimbe • -j piji pmbe • -j elm piinbe • 'j liolen jimbe • -j
pi]>i5 jiiiibe -j jeonjjie ace • ]fealh junbe • bo J?a ealle on mi-
celne cicel jeot: ]?a plynan on pyl fpi])e lanje • bo })onne
op ]ja jimba pyl J>a plenan ]3 Ino fie ))icce bo fimle on
foi .i: b. liTgppan citel fpa hio Isej'pe fie • jeor on yset ]7onne liio

jenoli ]>icce fie • jetel |?oiine cealcfcan fpiSe -j jefamna
poc -j afipc J^ujih claS "j ];one cealcfran eac on ]?a
plynan fmijie mib f bolli. 6pc pij> ]?on ilcan jenim
liopan -j jelobpypt 'j bjiune pypic -j lufcmocan cpioj) -j
hapan fpjiecel pyl on butejian "j ppmj ponne op )?a
pypta bo o]:>pe on • pibban • bipceoppypt jeajipan at-
topla]?an bo ]:>a on j^a ilcan bucejian pyl epc fpiSe
apjunj ])H op f bip 50b bollip^alp.

.XXXVIIII.

J^eR fint laecebomaf y\]> selcep cynnef ofhum 'j 6n-
peallum -j banco]mm ealica 'j tpenCij.

Nim 5penep mepcef leap jejnib o]>])e jetpipula pi'ci
ecebep bepfcan finipe mib ])y Jja pajian fcopa. pi];
omum utablejnebum ntm fuji molcen pyjic to cealjie -j
l>e\) luib |;y cealjie, Uib omum ept jenim beojibpsefra -j

XXXVIU.

LEECH BOOK. T. 99

drink a full draught to the sick caffcer his nights fasting.' Book T
A wound drink : pound small the netherward and up-
ward part of ribwort, carline thistle, and the netherward
part of ashthroat, put them into boiling water, rub
between the hands, and strain through a cloth, ad-
minister to drink. A salve for every wound: collect
cow dung, cow stale, work up a large kettle full into
a batter as a man worketh soap, then take appletree
rind, and ash rind, sloethorn rind, and myrtle rind,
and elm rind, and holly rind, and withy rind, and the
rind of a young oak, sallow rind, put them all in a
mickle kettle, pour the batter upon them, boil very
long, then remove the rinds, boil the batter so that it
be thick, put it ever into a less kettle as it groweth
less, pour it, when it is thick enough, into a vessel,
heat then a calcareous stone thoroughly, and collect
some soot, and sift it through a cloth with the quick-
lime also into the batter, smear the wound therewith.
Again for the same, take hove and silverweed and browai-
wort, and a bunch of the flowers of "lustmock," and
vipers bugloss, boil in butter and wring the worts off,
and put others in, ribwort, bishopwort, yarrow, atter-
lothe, put them into the same butter, boil again strongly,
wring these off" ; that will be a good wound salve.

xxxix.

1. Here are leech doms for erysipelatous inflammations
of every sort, and fellons, and leg diseases of every
sort ; eight and twenty in number.

2. Take leaves of green marche, rub or bruise them
with the lees of vinegar, smear with that the sore
places. For erysipelas which hath broken into blains,
take sour curds, work them to a chalder, and foment with
the chalder. For erysipelatous inflammations again, take

' Ne)t;i5 must be understood as najTrijum.

G 2

100 L^CE BOO.

fapan "j sejef f hpite -j ealbe 3)iuc leje on pi]? omena
jefpelle, pi]? omena jebepfce Sitte on cealbum p^ecejie
fol. 38 a. o}* f lii"^ abeabob fie teoli ]?onne tip yleali ]jonne peopep

fceappan ymb J»a poccaf utan -j Iset yjman ]3 fncce ]?e
luc pille ; pypic |?e pealpe ]?up • Nim bjiune pypc -j mepfc
nieap jeallan 'j peabe netlan pyl on butepan -j fmipe
mib -j bej»e mib |;am ileum pypcum.

^ V^]^ W^ ilcan jenim anjolcp^eccean jejnib fpi];e bo
eceb CO "j on bmb *j fmipe mib. pi]? ]?on ilcan jemm
lapinan jnib to bufce -j menj pi]? hunij -j fmipe mib.
UiS ])on ilcan jenim jebpaebbe fejpu menj pi5 ele
leje on -j be]?e fpiiSe mib betan leapum. Gpr jemm
cealpej- fceapn o]']?e ealbep h]iy]?epef peapm -j leje on.
Qf-c pi]? }?on jemm heopotep fceapo]?an op pelle afcapen
mib pumice -j pefe mib ecebe 'j fmipe mib. 6ptr jenim
eopopep jeallan jip ]?u nsebbe mm o]?pe]' fpinej- ^ejnib
•j fmijie mib J>y ]?fep hit faji fie. pi}? pon ilcan jemm
fpealpan neft bpec mib ealle apej --j jebaepn mib fceapne
mib ealle -j jnib to bufte menj pi]? eceb "j fmipe mib.
fol. 38 h. piS ])on ilcan jehset cealb psetep mib hatan ipene -j be]?e

jelome mib ]?y. pi]? Latum omum • mm betonican -j
pepmob -j pmul jnib on eala *j jiebic pele liim bpincan.
])]]> liatum omum liim pen omppan -j ]?a fmalan clatan
j>yl on jate meolce *j fupe. pi]? hatum omum mm

' Plinius Valerianus, fol. 76, d, for eight lines.

LEECH BOOK. I.

101

dregs of beer, aud soap, and the white of an egg, and
old groats, lay tliis on against erysipelatous swellings.
Against bursting of erysipelatous inflammations, let
the man sit in cold water till the sore becometh
numbed, then get him up, then strike four scarifying
slashes about the pocks on the outside, and let the
lymph run as it will. Work thyself a salve thus :
take brown"v^'ovt, and marsh gall, or marsh gentian,
and red nettle, boil in butter, and smear and bathe
with the same worts.

3. For the same, take an earthworm,' rub it tho-
roughly fine, add vinegar to it, bind it on and smear
therewith. For the same, take savine, rub to dust, and
mingle with honey and smear therewith. For the same,
take roasted eggs, mingle with oil, lay on, and foment
freely witli leaves of beet. Again, take a calfs sharn,
that is clung, or an old bullocks, still warm, and lay
it on. Again for this same, take harts shavings, shaven
off the fell or skin with pumice, and wash, that is
maceraie, with vinegar and smear therewith. Again,
take a boars gall, if thou have not that, take gall of
another swine, rub and smear with that where it is
sore. For that ilk, take a swallows nest, break it
away altogether, and burn it with its dung and all,
and rub it to dust, mingle witli vinegar and smear there-
with. For tlie same, heat cold water with a hot iron,
and bathe frequently with that. For hot er3^sipelatous
humours, take betony, and wormwood, and fennel,
rub them into ale, and radish ivith tJt.em, give the
mixture to the sick man to drink. For hot erysipe-
latous humours, take fen ompre, that is ivater dock,
and the small clote, that is, cleavers, boil in goats
milk and sup. Against hot erysipelatous humours,

Book I.
Cli. xxxix.

' Bjorn Haldorson mentions this
treatment : the earthworm is called
A'mumadkr (read ma'Skr), because
erysipelas is usually cured by it ;

" his lumbricis probari et curari
" soleat, cum applicati marcescant
" et moriantur." (On A'mumadkr.)
A'ma is the Ome of the text.

102 LiECE BOC.

Imnan "j epelafran -j alexanbpian "j betomcan "j cele-
];onian -j ceplicej- ysdb bpmce on pme. Sealj: mm
ellenef blofrman -j j^one cpop pyl on butejian *j fmipe
mib • jij: hit pille pypfman fmipe mib sejef jeolcan opep
fmipe mib Jjy -j bpije to jlebum o]? p hit heajib fie
Jjpeah ]7onne apej "j fmipe ept mib ])se]\e ]*ealpe. pi]?
hatum omum mm pmef bpseftan menj pij) hpeap rejjiu
■j mib pe]7epe fmit on -j ne ]?peah sep hit hal fie.
Pi}» feonbtim omum mm cneopholen micle sep oSpum
mete bpejhpam to ]'am bolje • "j hjiyj^epef jeallan
humj fot • bo tofomne lacna mib. pij> j7on ilcan f ly
ptc • hiftmoce ]7a cpoppihtan ntm to baj>e -j jebfejme
to j'ealpe pulpef ceacan |?a pmefcpan 'j j^a te]? funbo]^
fol. 39 a. menj pi8 humje -j fmipe mib -j peppcne cyj'e on leje

menj ]5 oj7ep jnS meoluce fupe })py mo'^jenaf nijon
fupan. pi]? banco]?e p ip oman mm ni^ontyne fnseba
eolonan -j nyjon ontpan -j enblepan peabej- fecjef bo
on eala -j bjnnc micle jep ]?onne J>u ete • -j ])a eolonan
ane feo"S o]? f hio meppe fie cnupa tofomne fmipe mib
])0ep ut plea, bpenc pi]? onpeallum cymeb • pipoji • coft •
mepcep preb • ceafceji pypte fseb cnua pel bo on eala.
bpenc pi]? onpeallum • cnua on eala o]?}?e jefeoS cele-
}?onian -j heah hiolo]?an bifceop pypt 5y])]iipan. bjienc
pi}) onpeallum • fijponte • cipe • leac • ]>e5bpsebe nio)?o-
peajib • pyl ealle on pretpe -j jefpet mib humje. bjienc
pi]) ]>on mm })a fmalan cla3pe}i pypt mo]>opea]ibe ])yl on
ealo}? oSbe on beope. bpenc pi]> onpealle pyl on ealoS

CI

1. xxxix.

LEECH BOOK. I. 103

take horchound, and everlasting, and alexanders, and ^P'*"'^ \
betony, and celandine, and charlock seed, drink them
in wine. A salve : take blooms of elder, and the croi>,
or bunch or umbel, boil them in butter, and smear
therewith ; if it will, that is, if it shew a tendency to
form ratten or 2mrident matter, smear with yolk of
egg ; smear over with that, and dry it by gledes, or hot
coals, till that it be hard, then wash away and smear
again with the salve. For hot erysipelatous eruptions,
take dregs of wine, mingle with raw eggs, and with a
feather smudge it on, and wash not till the place he
hole. For oozing erysipelatous blains, take knee holly,
that is, butchers broom, much ere other meat, daily
for the wound, and put together bullocks gall, honey,
soot; cure therewith. For the same, that is, for the
disease called fig, take for a bath that sort of "lust-
mock " which bearetli crops or flower bunches, and
for a salve, burn a wolfs jaw, the left one, and the
teeth apart, mingle with honey and smear therewith,
and lay on fresh cheese, mingle the other ingredient^
with milk, sup for three mornings nine sips. For leg
disease, that is hot red blains, take nineteen snips of
helenium, and nine of " ontre," and eleven of red sedge,
put them in ale and drink much ere than thou eat; and
seethe the helenium alone till that it be tender, pound
together, smear therewith where the disease may bo
striking out. A drink for fellons ; cummin, pepper,
costmary, seed of marche, seed of black hellebore, pound
well, put into ale. A drink or potion for fellons ;
pound in ale or seethe celandine, and elecampane,
bishop wort, githrife. A drink for fellons ; sigsonte,
onion, leek, the netherward part of waybroad, boil all
in water and sweeten with honey. A drink for that ;
take the netherward part of the small cloverwort, boil
in ale or in beer. A drink for fellons ; boil in ale

' What other ingredient is not clear by the grammatical construction.

fol. 39 b.

104 L^CE BOC.

j-'inujlan bij'ceoppijit heali hiolojje. bpenc pi]? 6n):ealle
pyl on ealaS Ippmj pyjit o]>])e on beope. bpenc epc piS
onpealle pyl on eala]? cjiopleac bpeopje bpofclan pypm
pyptr. bpenc fip onpealle mepce at;copla];e • betoce •'
pube . fecj • ontpe • clare • bipceop pypt jepypc on
eala"S. 6fc pi]? onpealle jemm asr ppuman haeplenne
fciccan o]>]>e ellenne ppic J?inne naman on apleali ])]\y
pceappan on ^epylle mib ])y blobe j^one naman peopj)
ope] I eaxle op]?e berpeoh ]?eoh on ypnenbe pjietep -j
franb opeji ]?one man ];a pceappan aj'lea "j f eall fpi-
jmbe jebo.

PrS onpealle jepoli pox apleah op cucum }>one cuxl
Itet hleapan apej bmb on nsepce hapa ]7e on.

.XL.

^ Pi]> p6c able • onjieb hampypt • nio]?opea]ib • pelbmope

nij^epeapb onpebep empela -j ]7apa o]7eppa tpejea pelb-
luojian liealpe l^oppe Jjonne hampypte cnnpa fpiSe to
lumne bo liluctoji ealu ^ }>a pypca opepfcije • Ifet fcau-
ban ]?]ieo niht pele j'cenc pulne on mopjen. bjienc piS
poc able ]'yl psetep on cjioccan bo liunij on pleot fimle
foJ. 40 a. \) pam op o]> f lut nelle ma pseman • flip ]?onne "j bpmc

opt "j jelome fj\a ]n liatofc maeje *j mib ]7f hunije
fViiijie ])a3]i hit iitjlea on ]?one poc ne bi]? pona nan
tcona. Sealp pi]? poc able pyl on burepan fmjpenan •
jeappe • 5y]?)iipe peabpe netelan cpop. bpenc pi]? poccum

Kead beconice.

LEECH BOOK. I.

105

fennel, bishop wort, elecampane. A drink for a f'ellon;
boil in ale or in beer springwort. A drink again for
a fellon ; boil in ale cropleek, penny royal, wormwort.
A drink for fellons ; marclie, attorlothe, betony, rue,
sedge, " ontre," clote, bishop wort, work tlieim up in
ale. Again for fellons, take, to begin, a hazel or an
elder stick or spoon, write thy name thereon, cut three
scores on the place, fill the name with the blood, throw
it over thy shoulder or between thy thighs into run-
ning water and stand over the man. Strike the scores,
and do all that in silence.

For fellon, catch a fox, strike oflf from him ivliilc
quick, that is alive, the tusk, or canine tooth, let the
fox run away, bind it in a fawns skin, have it upon
thee.

Book I.
Ch. xxxix.

xl.

For pock disease,' use " onred," liouseleek, the nether
part of it, fieldmore, the nether part of it; of "onred"
an equal quantity, and of the two others Ijy half less
of the fieldmore or carrot than of the houseleek,
pound them thoroughly togetlier, add so much clear
ale as may mount above the worts ; let them stand
three nights, administer in the morning a cup full.
A drink for pock disease ; boil water in a crock, add
honey, skim continually the foam away till it will
foam no more ; then sip and drink oft and whilom
as thou hottest may, and smear with the honey where
it may be breaking out into the pock, soon there will
be no mischief. A salve for pock disea,se ; boil in
butter singreen, yarrow, githrife, the crop, or floiver
head, of red nettle. A drink against pocks ; bishop

^Smallpox. The disease was un-
known in classical medicine ; it
appeared in France in 565, A.D.,
and in Arabia in 572, A.D. The

Arabic physician Razi treats of it
in a separate monograf about 92.3,
A.D., not long before this copy of
the Leech Book was ^Titten out.

106

LMCE EOC.

bifceop pyjit • acco]\la]>an • fppiD;z;py]it • clatan nio]?e-
peajibe on ealaS jepojibc. pi]^ poccum i'piSe I'ceal mon
blob Isetan -j bjimcan ainylce butepan boUaii fulne •
jip hie utylean selcne man fceall ape^ abelpan mib
]70]me • -j |>onne pm oSSe aloji ' bpenc bpype on mnan
fionne ne beoS liy jefyne.

])i]> poccum jentm jlofpypt apyl on buuepan "j fmipe
mib.

fol. -lo b.

.XLI.
yi\> mnan onpealle neejlsep- hatte pypt fu}>e]mo l"io
bi^ 30b to ecanne pi]? mnan onpelle on niht nej'tij.
pi]) mnan onjzealle pyl elonan eluhtpan on ealaS bpinc
liatef bollan pulne. Gft pyptbpenc op j'ejimobe beto-
nican • op j^fepe pupan j^e^bji^eban bpmce pela nihca.
PiJ? ]>se]\e ^eolpan able • hune • bifceop pypt • helbe •
hope meii^e pa tojsebepe bo selcpe jobe hanb pulle
maxpypte bo to pope ambeji pulne -j to ftanbsepe
bj^phomaji • hune pepmob. StanbseJ?^ bpmce bpenc op
ompjian op pme -j op psetpe • jefpete fpi'Se.

.XLII.

^ Op ^eal able lio bip op psepe jeolpan • cymep jpeat
ypel fio bi]? ealpa abla picufc • ponne ^epeaxeS on innan
unjemec psetan pip fmt tacn • ^ him fe lichoma eall
abicepa^ -j ajeolpaS fpa 50b feoluc • 'j him beo8 imbep
cun^an tulje fpeapte sebjia -j ypele -j htm bi5 micje
jeolu • la3t lum op lunjen a^bjie blob pele him opt
fcypjenbne bjienc fcanbaSu jelome. ^Pyjic him Sonne

' Aloji, alnus glutinosa, has no
medical properties. Probably the
AlnixHuigrajnow Bhamnus franyula,
Spjiacen, was meant by the Latin
author copied.

' Read cunsDj^lserre, cynoglossum.
' By 8tanbae)> understand Sran-
bee)'b]ienc, or amend thus.
' "iKrepos.

* Cf. Plinius Valerianus, fol. 61 d.

LEECH BOOK. I. 107

wort, attorlothe, spriiigwort, the nctlierward part of Book i.
clote, or burdock, worked up in ale. Against pocks, a ^'"

man shall freely employ bloodletting and drink melted
butter, a bowl full of it : if they break out one must
delve away each one of tliGin with a thorn ; and then
let him drip wine or alder drink within them, then
they will not be seen, or no traces will remain.

Against pocks : take glovewort, boil in butter, and
smear therewith.

xli.

For inward fellon, there is a southern wort hight
cynoglosson, which is good to eat against inward fellon,
at night fasting. Against inward fellon, boil heleniuni
and lupins in ale, drink a bowl full of the hot infusion.
Again, a wort drink from wormwood and betony, and
from the rough waybroad or 'plaintain, let him drink
it many nights. For the yellow disorder, or jaundice,
/lorehound, bishop wort, tansy, earth ivy, mingle them
together, of each employ a good handful, add of mash-
wort, for an infusion an amber full, and for a stone
bath use dithhomar, or "papyrus, horehound, and worm-
wood. A stone bath; that must he, to use ivith a stone
hath ; let the oimn drink a drink from ompre or sorrel,
from wine and from water ; sweeten thoroughly.

xlii.

From gall disease, that is from the yellow jaundice,
Cometh great evil ; it is of all diseases most powerful,
when there wax within a man, unmeasured humours ;
these are the tokens : that the patients body all be-
coraeth bitter and as yellow as good silk ; and under
the root of his tongue there be swart veins and perni-
cious, and his urine is yellow. Let him blood from the
lung vein, give him often a stirring drink, stone baths

108 L.ECE BOC.

fcilne bpenc op omjijian on pme 'j on j^setjie -j on jjam
baSe jehpilce mopjene bjunce mylfce bpmcan fio jebet
)?a bitepneype psep jeallan.

.XLIII.

foi. 41a. ^ Pi]? psetep boUan betomcan fpilce anef penmjep je-

pasje on peapmum psecepe jmbe bpnice ])py bajap jelce
bsej jobne bollan j:u]ne. Gy~ jemm sepcppotan oJ)|?e
pealpypce pyccpuman jjsep peapep peopep cuclepap pnlle
jebo on bollan pulne jnnef fele bpmcan.

.XLIIII.

Pi]7 canceji able f ip bire ♦ ]*u]ie • peak • pibbe •
fej • poc . jebsepneb lam • hpaecep fmebma menj piS
je^pu mebopypt; sepeppe acpmb • apulbop pmb • ]lali
|7opn pnibe • ^ip pe bice peaxe on men jej^ijic nijme
cealjie -j leje on cl?enpa^ j?a punbe mib.

])i]) cancepe on C3^pepenum paste jebaejm Ipepl je-
jnib to bufce fpa }in fmalofc mreje "j apipc ]ni)ili claS
men5 piS ealbe fapan -j pie fpepl picpa bo luinijej'
ceapep mebmicel to'^ fceape • ^ip to ftiS fie ]>£em mib ]yf
hunije leje on jeopmen leap J)onne bit hahje ]'yl on
butepan jeacep fupan -j fmjpenan "j pubupopan fmipe
foi. 41 b. niib J7a oppap j^sep hit jieabije Iset ]?a o^pe j-ealpe clasn-

iian f bolli ne bo nan paetep to, Sealp pi]? cancjie •
jemm cu meoluc bucan ppetejie l?et )7eop]?an to pletum
5e]?pe]i to butepan ne paspc on pjetpe. Ntm fijel-
hpeoppan ]?a fmalan unprej'cene bo clsene cnua fpiSe
5emen5 pel pi^ J)?epe butepan bo on pannan opeji pyji
apyl fpiSe apeoli pel ]?u]ih claS lacna mib ]?y, ]7i]) canceji
able • ac pmb on no]i]?an cpeope be eo]i]?an • -j mebo-

I "rdp(ii\p. j ^ Supply a point after to, not in

- clsej-na, MS. I MS. Kead J^sen.

LEECH BOOK. I. 109

often. Work him then a composing drink of sovrel in Book I.
wine and in water, and in the bath, every morning,
let him drink a mulled draught ; it will amend the
bitterness of the gall.

xliii.

For dropsy, rub betony, as much as a penny weight,
in warm water, let tlie patient drink for three days,
each day, a good bowl full. Again, take of the juice
of the roots of ashthroat or of dwarf elder four spoons
full, put them into a bowl full- of wine, give them to
drink to the patient.

xliv.

1. Against the disease cancer, that is, bite : sorrel,
salt, ribwort, egg, soot, burnt loam, smede or fine flour
of wheat ; mingle with eggs, meadow sweet, " fieferth,"
oak rind, appletree rind, sloethorn rind : if the cancer
wax on a man, work up some new chalder and la}'
on ; cleanse the wound thei'ewith.

2. Against cancer ; burn sulfur in a copper vessel,
rub it to dust, as small as thou may, and sift through
a cloth, mingle with old soap, and let the sulfur pre-
dominate, add a moderate quantity of virgin honey ;
see if it be, too stiff, moisten it witli the honey ; lay on
a mallow leaf; when it healeth, boil in butter cuckoo
sour and singreen and woodroffe, smear therewith the
borders, where it is red ; make the other salve cleanse
the wound, put no water. A salve for cancer ; take
cows milk, without water, make it become cream, turn
it to butter, wash it not in water. Take the small
turnsole unwashen, make it clean, pound it thoroughly,
mix it well with the butter, put it into a pan over
the fire, boil it thoroughly, strain well through a cloth,
cure therewith. Against disease of cancer : oak rind
on the north side of the tree by the earth, and the

110 LiECE BOC.

pypt nioJ>epeapb • jepejiSe ni]pepea)ib • cunejiseppe nio-
}>opeapb • bo ealpa empela jecnua to bufce • bo lienne
fejep f hpite to • -j hunij bo bejea empela jemen^
piS J?am bufciim cla^m on Sone eancep ne bo nan
p?etep to.

.XLV.

yi]) attpe bpencaf "j Isecebomaf • betonican mepce •
pejnnob • pmul • pebic • cnua on ealaS j-ele bjiincan.
piS attjie betonican "j ]?a fmalan attopla];an bo on
halij psetep bpinc f pseteji -j et ];a pypta. Ui5 selcum
attjie • pebic "j elate ete eep ne msej ]>e nan man attpe
fol. 42 a. apypban. PI'S selcum attpe bipceoppypt ni];epeapb -j

elehtjie • -j fppmj pypt nio]?epeajib eo):opJ?potan • "j
clatan • apyl on ealaS pele bpmcan jelome. jtp nreb-
b]ie j-lea man pone blacan fnejl apsepc on halij psBtpe
pele bpmcan o]>])e hpset hpeja ] sep ];e fjiam fcottum
come. 6pt pejbjiteban jejnib fpipe bpmc on pine.
Pi]; nsebpan bite betonican ^te ]>\iy penejaf jepeje bo
on ]>]\y boUan pulle pmef pele bpmcan.

Pi]? nsebpan bite ept ptfleape appunjenu -j \>\\> ptn
jemenjeb 30b bij> to bpincanne. Yip nsebpan bite ept
celejjonie jetpipulabe bjunce on nealit neptij • ill.
bollan jrulle. pi]> nsebpan pleje fppmjpypc • atoplaj^an •
eopopppocan • bipceoppyjit ]'ypc to bpence.

Pi|) |)on ])e mon Jncje atoji • jenim pa. bajian hunan
jepypc micelne bsel *j nsebeppypte cnua tojsebepe -j
ppmj f peap bo pmef }jpie mel on ^j pele bpmcan.
yip nsebpan plite ntm pejbpseban • ^ ajpimonian • -j
nsebbep pypt pele jejnibene on pme bpmcan • -j pypc
fol. 42 b. pealpe op ]?am ileum pyptum • -j mm |^a ajjiimonian

Ch. xliv,

LEECH BOOK. I. 111

netherward part of meadow sweet, the netherwavd part Book i.
of "feferthe," the netherward part of cynoglosson, em-
ploy of all equal quantities, pound to dust, add thereto
the white of a hens egg, and honey, employ equal
quantities of the two, mingle with the dusts, clam or
maJ^e it cling on the cancer, put no water to it.

xlv.

1. Drinks or 'potio7is and leechdoms against poison.
Pound in ale betony, marche, wormwood, fennel, radish ;
administer this to drink. Against poison ; put in hoi}'
water betony and the small atterlothe, drink the water
and eat the worts. Against any poison ; eat ere the
danger cometh radish and clote ; no man may then do
thee a mischief with poison. Against any poison ; boil
the netherward part of bisliopwort and lupin, and the
netherward part of springwort, everthroat, and clote
in ale ; give to drink frequently. If an adder strike
a man, or for whatever of that which cometh of shots,
wash the black snail in holy water, give to the sich
to drink. Again, rub waybroad thoroughly fine, drink
it in wine. For bite of snake, put so much of betony
as may weigh three pennies into three bowls full of
wine, give it the man to drink.

2. For bite of snake again ; cinqfoil wrung and min-
gled with wine is good to drink. For bite of snake
again; celandine bruised, at night fasting, let the man
drink three bowls full. For adders wound, work eu-
forbia, attorlothe, stemless carline, ammi, into a drink.

3. In case a man swallow poison, take then hore-
hound, work up a mickle deal of it, and adder wort,
pound them together and wring the juice, pour thereon
three measures of wine and give this to the poiso7ied
man to drink. For hurt from snake ; take waybroad,
and agrimony, and adderwort, administer them rubbed
up in wine to be drunk ; and work up a salve of the

112 L^CE ROC.

jepyjic anne hpmj ymb ];one j-lice ucan ne ofepfciliS
hit }:up}'op • "j bmb ]?a pypce ept opeji ]3 bolh. Pi]j
nasbjian yle^e bo op }>inum eajian ]3 ceojio -j fmipe niib
ymb *j fmj j^pipa Jjsep haljan See lohannep jebeb -j

jealboji.

From the beup meup et pateji et piliup et fpipitup Sanctup,

Assumptio sci ^111 omnia ]-ubiecca funt. Cui cm nip cpeatnijia be-
lohaunis Seuuic ec ommr pocercai- rubiecta eSc et mecuic ec

apostoli. J \. PI 1

expauej'cit et bpaco pujic ec lilic uipepa et jiubeta
ilia que bicitup pana quieca toppepcit et pcoppiuS ex-

^phalangiusAl. j-ijij^j-uj^ et pejulup iimcituji et fpelaiu]"'^ nihil iioxmm
opepatup et omnia uenenata et abhuc pepociopa pepen-
tia^ et animaha noxia te iiepentup" et omnej- abueppe
Saluti^ humane pabicep ajiepount. Tu bomme extinjue
hoc uenenatum uipuf extmjue opepatjonef eiuf mopti-
pepaf et uipef quaf In ye habet euacua et ba In con-
fpectu tuo omnibuf quof tu cpeaftj • oculof ut uibeant
aujiep ut aubiant cop ut majnitubmem tuam Intelle-

fol. 43 a. jant '* et cum hoc bixij'j'et totum femet jpfum fijno

cpuci]' apmauit et bibit totum quob epat In cahce •
pep pijnum Sancte cpucif • et pep te xpe ihu et^
beo fummo patpe umiS faluatop munbi In umtate
fpipitup Sancti pep omnia Ssecula Sseculopum amen ;

])i]) pleojenbum atpe "j selcum jetejmum fpile • on
ppijebseje ajjpep butepan J^e fie jemolcen op anej- bleoj-
nytne o1S^e hinbe • 'j ne fie pi]? p?etpe jemenjeb •
aj-mj opep nijon fi]?um letania • "j mjon pi]?um patep
noptep • -j nijon fi]?um J>ip jealbop • Acpse • sepcpse •
fepnem • nabpe • gepcuna hel • sepnem • nijjsepn • ?ep •
afan • buipme • abcpice • sepnem • meobpe • sepnem •
jejjejm • sepnem • allu • honop • ucuf • ibap • abcept •
cunolaju • paticamo • helse • icap xpita • hsele • tobsept
tejia • pueh • cui • pobatep • plana • mil • '^ beah to

' pepentje, MS. i ' -gunc, MS.

^ tenebancuji, MS. ^ Supply cum. This doxology is

^ abiK'ri'e SaluciS, MSS. | an addition, not in the legend.

LEECH BOOK. I. 113

same worts, and then take agrimony, form a ring ai-ound Book T.
the incision on the outside, (lie mischief will proceed no *"'' '''^"
further, and bind the wort also over the sore. For
stroke of viper, remove from thine ears the wax and
smear around therewith, and say thrice the prayer
of Saint John.

4. Dominus mens et pater et fdius et spiritus sanctus ;
cui omnia subiecta sunt ; cui omnis creatmu deservit
et omnis potestas subiecta est et metuit et expavescit;
et draco fugit, et silet vipera, et rubeta ilia qu?e dicitur
rana quieta torpescit, et scorpius extinguitur et regulus

tho. hcLfiU he \mc\iviY et o-TrijAajoj^ nihil noxium opera- ^ The tarantula

tur, et omnia venenata et adhuc ferociora, repentia et i^*^,^ ^'"^ '" '?

. ^ hole watching

anmialia noxia, te verentur ; et omnes adversse saluti for prey.

human?e radices arescunt ; tu, domine, extingue hoc ve-

nenatum virus, extingue operationes eius mortifera,s, et

vires, quas in se habet, evacua, et da in conspectu tuo

omnibus quos tu creasti, oculos ut videant, aures ut au-

diant, cor ut magnitudinem tuam intelligant. Et cum

hoc dixisset, totum semet ipsum signo crucis armavit,

et bibit totum quod erat in calice : per signum sancttc

crucis, et per te Christe lesu, qui cum, domino summo

patre vivis, salvator mundi, in unitate Spiritus Sancti,

per omnia secula seculorum. Amen.

5. For flying venom and every venomous swelling,
on a Friday churn butter, which has been milked from
a neat or hind all of one colour ; and let it not be
mingled Avith water, sing over it nine times a litany,
and nine times the Pater noster, and nine times this
incantation. The charm is said in the tahle of contents
to be Scottish, that is Gaelic,^ but the ivord.s themselves
seem to belong to no known language. That is valid

' Or Gadhelic, or Irish. An early I as not Scotland, occurs in TIClfrics
instance of the mention of Ireland, 1 Homilies, vol. ii. p. .T JG.

VOL. XL H

114 LMCE BOa

[Blciim -j liujiu CO beopum boljum. Sume an j^ojib piS
nrebjian bire IsejuaS co cpe])enne f ip fanl ne mrej liim
bejuan. ])i^ nveh]\ai\ yhte 31]: he bejefc "j yt pmbe fio
pe cyniS oj: neojixna pon^e ne bepeS him nan atteji •
fol. 43 b. J>onne cpoe]; pe pe ]?ap boc ppat p hio psejie tO]i

bejete,

Ttp lipa bjiince pypm on poetejie op fniSe fceap paSe
bjnnce hax: p j'ceapep blob. Tip mon fie jyjituin poji-
bojien pele fpjimjpypt p he ete -j hahj pasteji pupe.
]}\]) }Jon ]>e mon fie popbopen • jip lie hsey]? on him
fcyttifc peax • J^a fmalan attoplaSan o^^e on ajjylbnm
ealaS bjnnce ne msej hme pyptum popbepan.

• XLVI.

'^<,

qIP ana p3^]im on men peaxe • fraijie mib prepe blacan
pcalpe jip he nt pnjih ete -j ]>ypel jepypce • jentm
hnni^ep bjiopan bpype on j^ast pyjiel • hapa ]>onne je-
bpocen ^Isep jeapa jejpunben fceab on p pypel ponne
pona fpa he J^rep onbipij^ ponne fpilt he. Sealp piS
anapypme • ]nif mon j-ceal pypcean. Tentm qiimque-
polian p ip pipleape* .puban pyl on butejian ^efpet mib
huni^e.

bpenc qumquepolian p ip pipleape pele on ealaS bpm-
can pipitij nihta. bpenc ]>iS ];on prebicef fj©b -j caulep
jnib on eala o]>])e on pm bjimce yi]) anapyjime lanje -j
jelome op f pel fie. Clam yip ];on ])a jieaban tijelan
fcl. 44 a. jecnnpa to biifce -^emenj ]nt> 5]iut abjiaeb cicel leje on

]) bolli ]'y]ic o]H;pne ;5ip J^'ajip fie.

LEECH BOOK. T. 115

for every, even for deep wounds. Some teacli us against Book I.
bite of adder to speak one word, that is, Faul;' it Cii. xlv.
may not linrt him. Against bite of snake, if the oiian
procures and eateth rind, which cometli out of paradise,
no venom will damage him. Then said he that wrote
this book, that the rind was liard gotten.

6. If one drink a creeping thing in water, let him
cut into a sheep instantly, let him drink the sheeps
blood liot. If a man be "restrained" with worts," give
him springwort for him to eat, and let him sup up
holy water. Incase that a man be "withheld;" if he
hath on him Scottish wax, and the small atterlothe ;
or let him drink it in boiled ale, he may not be
" restrained " by worts.

xlvi.

1. If 0ns worm ^ grow in a man, smear with the " See Glos-
l)lack salve. If tJie worm eat through to the outside ^^'^^'
and make a hole, take a drop of honey, di'op it on the

hole, then have broken glass ready ground, shed it on
the hole, then as soon as the worm tastes of this he
will die. A salve against an 0ns worm, thus shall a
man work it : take cinquefoil, that is five leaved grass,
and rue, boil them in Ijutter, sweeten with honey.

2. A drink; administer in ale cinquefoil, that is five
leaved grass, or 'potentilla, to drink for thirty nights.
A drink for that ; rub ' down into ale or into wine
seed of radish and of colewort, let the man drink that
long and frequently against 0ns worm, till that Ids
case be bettered. A plaster for the same : pound to
dust a red tile or hrick, mingle with groats, bake a
cake, ky it on the wound ; work another ];>laster if
need be.

' Cf. " Duo," to drive away scor- I - From hajnieb)niis. See yoiibe«
pious, Plinius, lib. xxviii. 5. | jian in Glossary.

H 2

U6 L^.CE P.OC.

.XLVII.

Lgecebomaf ]'i5 |ieo]iabliim • reycjnnb • sejpan jiinh •
elm jmib • cpicjnnb • fio micle popjnj uerle nio]:»opea]ib •
pepniob • InnbhioloSe • befopeaba ]ja pmba ealle iitan *j
j^ecnua fpi) e p}^ tofomne • bo ealpa empela op jeot
nnb hlutujie ealo]; \vex: fcanban ];one bpenc nihtejnie
on pate sd]\ mon Line bpmcan pille • bpince on mop-
jenne fcenc pulne J'lj'ep bjiencep • to mibbep mepi^enef
fcanbe eaft peajib 'j bebeobe hme jobe -^eopiihce -j liine
jepenije cyjipe hiue fun;j;on5ep ymb {epteji J^am bjieiice
;;^an;t;e pij^J^an -j ftanbe fume lipile ve]\ lie Iniie jiefte
jeoce fpa micel on fpa lie J^seji op bo • bjiince jnpne
bjienc nijon nilit -j Jncje fpilcne mete fpa he pille.
b)ienc pj]^ ]7eo]iable • funb' oinpjian ymb help fmj ]?pipa
pateji ]i]i • bjieb up p>onne ]?u cpe];e fet - libepa nof a
malo . j^enim J'jepe pip fiifieba -j feopon pipoji cojm
jecnua tojsebejie 'j j'onne ]m f pypce fmj .xii. fi|pura
fol. 441). ])0iie pealm • mipejiepe mei beup • -j jlopia In excelpif

beo • 'j patep nopteji • opjeoc J>onne nub pine ];onne brej
•j nilit pcabe*^ bjunce ]>onne ]7one bpenc *j beppeoli 6e
peapme, Tenim Jjonne hinb hiolopan ane^ 6p7;eot mib
yrete]\e bjiince o]?]ie mojijne fcenc pulne |?onne o]>pe
]-i])e feopon fiifeba -j iiijon pipojicopn • ];pibban pipe
1115011 fnreba -j xi. pipojicojin. 6]iinc pij>)\an fpi<Sne bjienc
pepe pille up yjinan 'j op biine • l?et ponne blob unbeji
ancleo]'.

' Head fiipe ? { ' At morning tM'iliglit.

- That is. I'ch ; the MSS. usually | ' Some Avords nvc here, it seems,
set. I omitted.

LEECH i;0OK. (. 117

xlvii.

1. Leechdoms for '"dry" diseases;'^ ash rind, aspen

sary

Book I.
Oil. xlvii.

rind, elm rind, (piickbeaui rind, the netherwai'd i>art ' ^^ °^"

of the niickle highway nettle, wormwood, hindheal,
that is, luater agrimony, empurple all the rinds on the
outside, and pound them thoroughly, boil them togetlun-,
apply equal quantities of all, souse them with elear ale,
then let the drink stand for the space of a night in a
vessel, before a man shall choose to drink it. Let him
in the morning drink a cup full of this drink ; in the
middle of the morning hours,' let him stand towards
the east, let him address himself to God earnestly, and
let him sign himself with the sign of the cross, let
him also turn himself about as the sun goeth fivrii
east to south and west ; after the drink let him next
go and stand some while ere he repose himself; let
him pour as much liqmd into the vessel as he removes
from it : let him drink this potion for nine nights and
eat what meat he will. A drink for the "dry" disease ;
delve about sour ompre, that is, sorrel dock, sing
thrice the Pater noster, jerk it up, then while thou
sayest sed libera nos a malo, take five slices of it
and seven pepper corns, bray them together, and while
thou be working it, sing twelve times the psalm
Miserere mei, deus, and Gloria in excelsis deo, and
the Pater noster, then pour the stuff all over with
wine, when day and night divide, then drink the dose
and wrap thyself up warm. Then take hindheal alone,
souse it with water, drink the next morning a cu})
full, then the next time seven slices and nine pepper
corns, the third time nine slices and eleven pepper
corns ; afterwards drink a strong potion which will
run up and adown ; ^ then let blood below the ancle.

1 This .should be read as be- o'clock. The middle will be about
ginuing the morning at dawn, and seven on the average,
ending it at unbejm, our nine I ■ Purgative and emetic.

118 LJECE BOC.

bpenc ])i\> ]78opable mnie liealj: pubu 'j bulent-jfan j-a
linalan • Jninoji j'yjic • ]Hibiipeaxau moj'opeajib • pealpyjit;
mojjopeajibe jecnua ]?onne ealle topomne pypce liim Co
bjieiice bo on pylifc ealo • o]?J?e on beo]\ Imt fcanban
nilicepne • bpmce ]?onne I'pilcue nijon mopjenai' • nime
]jy teoj^an mopjne ]7Pep bpincef tpa bleba pulle • bepylle
on aue -j j^a pyjita fien mib apeoli ]?u]\li claj? apete
tip ]78eji hio eo]i]7an hjiman ne mreje o]? ■^ hic mon
bpmcan mseje ; ^ ];onue }?u hit ~ jebjuincen lisebbe be-

fol. 45 a. ppeoh ]?e peapme lije on J^a fiban 'pe he J»onne jecenje

lie- jip he'^ on J^am mnoj^e.biS J^onne abpifS hme )?el'
bpinc ur. Sealp pi]? ])eope mm japleac -j jjieate J'yjic •
pepmob leabe* netlan ciS jecnua fmale "j hiopoc fmepu
gemanj p hit: fie fpilc fpa bah bo ]?onne on hnenne
claS pyjime ]?onne ^ehppejjeji je ]5 he je jja pealjre co
pype ]?onne ]7U hit fmypian pille Jjsep fio abl fie fylje
htm mib ]7ippe fealjie -j mib ])yp ^ bpence. bpenc pi)?
|?eopable bjiije pejimob • pebic pealpypt ealpa J?]ieopa
em }:ela bo on eahi gnib pel hi3te set jepefran fcanban
]?peo nihc iep pon he hme bjunce • -j pi]?]?an he hme
bjimce ymb feopon mhc pojilcece blob uiibep |;am an-
cleope bpmce poji]? ]?one bjienc peoj^ejit^me nih'c • Isete
jponne ept blob unbep ]?am o])]ian ancleope, bjnnce
eallep pone bpenc j'pitig nihta on unbejm jobe blebe
fulle oj'pe ]7onne ]?n pefcan pille. pi]? ];eo]ipypme on
pet mm ]?a peaban iietlaii gecnua bo pseteji to leje on

fol. -15 b. hatne fuan liBt appeo]?an binb on ]?one pot neahtejme.

6pt pealp setan jecnua leje on. pi]? ]?eope on pet
jejmb pealpypt on jefpet pm • -j hpitcpnbu -j pipoji
bpince p.

' nBEgc, MS. I ■' This word seems corrupt ; per-

■•■■ hr, MS. I haps jieabe ; red nettle, a plant

,^ The only antecedent abl ought | ofit.'ieB.-t^'uui 1(i>

to be followed by feminine pro- j = )'y)*, MS., understand as hyj-um.
nouns.

LEECH LOOK. 1. I 10

2. A drink against the " dry " disease ; take liekl ^o""^ {■.
balm^ and the small bulentse, thunderwort,^ the nether a Calaminth'a
lYcXvt of woodAvax, the netherward jiart of wallwort, ncpeta.
then pound all toojether, work it for him (the patiejtt) ' ^^"'P<^'''''^-

1- , . V J. / vuiii teclorum.

for a driidv, put it into foreign ale or beer, let it
stand for the space of a night, then let him drink
such drink for nine mornings, take on the tenth morn-
ing two cups full of the drink, boil them both in one,
and let the worts be therewith, strain through a cloth,
set it up where it may not touch the eartli, till that
a man may drink it ; when thou have drunken it,
wrap thee up warm; lie on the side to which the imin
is incident, if it be in the inwards, then this drink
will drive it out. A salve against the "dry" disease ;
take garlic and great wort, wormwood, a plant of net-
tle, pound small, and along with it harts grease, that
it may be such as dough is, place it then on a linen
cloth, then warm both the body and the salve at the fire ;
when thou wilt smear the body or the spot where the
disease may be, follow up the 'patient with this salve
and with this drink. A cMnk for the "dry" disease;
dry Avormwood, radisli, wallwort,*^ of all these equal " Saiabucas
quantities, put into ale, rub the herbs doivii well, the
man should have the liqmd stand at first for three
nights before he drink it, and subsequently let him
drink it for about seven nights, let him let blood
under the ancle, let him drink the drink straight on
for fourteen niglits; let him next let blood under the
other ancle. Drink the dose for thirty nights in all,
a good cup full at nine A.M. or when thou wilt go to
bed. For a "dry"' worm in the foot; take the red
nettle, pound it, add water to it, lay it on a hot
stone, make it froth, bind it on the foot for the space
of a night. Again, a salve ; pound oats, lay on. For
the "dry" rot in the foot, triturate wallwort into sweet-
ened wine, and mastic and pepper ; let him drink that.

120 L/ECE BOC.

Oxa liejibe |nj-ne lajcobom • jeiiiine pealpyjic "j cluj:-
j^unj -j ciieopliolen ^ ejrelaptau "j cainecou "j tunjilj'in-
pyjit • vim. bjuuie bij-ceop pypt • "j attojilaj^an 'j peabe
net Ian • -j jioabe ]io]:an --j pepmob -j jeappan • "j hunan
■j boljjiiman • -j bj^eopje bpolrlan bo ealle ]>a]' pypta
on pylipc ealo -j bjnnce ponne nijon bajal' "j blob Isete.
])i]) J^eop pfBpce pypc to bjience alexanbpe • finpulle
pejunob • tpa cneopliolen • paluian • lapme • pealmope •
lupefcice • pepep puje • mepce • cofc • japleac • tej'C-
I'jiotu • beconice • bifceop pyjic • on tj^ybpopnum ealaS
jepypce (pet mib Imnije bjmic nijon mopjenaf nanne
o];epne poetan bjunc repcep Ipijme bpenc "j Iset blob
fol. 4G a. oxa laepbe jnfne lascebom. j^i]? JjBope cneopliolen nij^e-

peajib • acumba • cpiS • -j bpune pyjit ealjia empela bo
on pililc ealii • bepyl o]? ]?pibban bsel -j bpmce ]m hpile
]>a lie jnijipe • -j ]?a3p lio abl jefitce pylje hmi fiinle
nnb ti^e hopne o]? ]3 Lai fie.

• XLVIII.
"E\iJ.iv0es. 1 Pij; |,ain pyji mumjje mnan ejlaS j)am men • jennn

l^e^bpteban jetjupula -j Ji peaj) j-ele on cuclepe fupan
•j ]>a p3^]it ]-elpe Ipa jecnupabe leje on j^one napolan.
PrS cilba mnoj'ep pypnmm • jennn jpene mmtan penne
gelm jebo on ppy ]'e]-t]iaf pa?tepel" peo5 o]? ]?pibban bsel
apeoli ]?onne pele bpincan. piS cilba mno]) I'ape bpeopje
bjiolrle • "j cymen jernm jebeat jemense pij; pjietep
le^c opeji Sone napolan Ibna biS hal. Vi& pypmum ]>e
innan ejIaS • ^enelbep lieojirej- hopnep ahfan oSSe bufc

Jfcrb. Apul., ii. 10.

LEECH BOOK. I. 121

3. Oxa taught an this lecchdoin : take wall wort, ;>nd Hook 1.
clofting, and kiieeholn, and everlasting, and cainniock,' '' ^ ^"'
and white hellebore, in the proportion of nine to one,
brownwort, bishopwort, and atterlotlic, and red nettle,
and red hove, and wormwood, and yarrow, and hore-
honnd, and pellitory, and pennyroyal, put all these worts
into foreign ale, and then let tJte rnan driidv for nine
days and let blood. For the "dry" pain; make into a
drink, alexanders, sedum, wormwood, the two kneeholns,-
sage, savine, carrot, lovage, feverfue, marche, costmary,
garlic, aslithroat, betony, bishopwort, work them up
into double brewed ale, sweeten with honey, drink
for nine mornings no other liquid ; drink afterwards a
strong potion, and let blood. Oxa taught this leecli-
dom. Against "dry" rot; put into foreign ale, the
netherward part of kneeholn, tow,^ matricaria (?\ and
brownwort, of all equal quantities; boil down to one
third part, and let the patient drink while lie may
re(piire it ; and where the disease has settled, follow
him up ever with the drawing horn* till the place
be hole.

xlviii.

Against tlie worms which ail men witliin ; take intestinal
waybroad, triturate it, and give tlie juice in a spoon worms,
to sup, and lay the Avort itself, so pounded, on the
navel. Against worms of the inwards of children ;
take green mint, a handful of it, put it into three
sextariuses of water, seethe it down to one tliird part,
strain, then give to drink. For inward sore of chil-
dren take pennyroyal and cunmiin, beat them up,
mingle them with water, lay them over the navel, soon
it will be whole. Against worms which ail a mail

' Pcucedanuin officinale.

■ Only Muscus aculcalus grows
wild in England. There are three
otherE.

^ Understand as reduced to ashes.
See note on I. xxxiii. 1.
* Cupping glass.

122 L^CE BOC.

jemenj pi6 himij jefmijie mib J^one bpecj^eajim ^ jjone
napolan mib ]?y jjonne jreallaS hie, ^ pib pyjimum \)e
innan ejla^ jerpijrolab- cofc to bufce • jebo jobne ba3l
in hat paeteji yele bpmcan.

fol. 46 b. ^P^P pj^jimiim eyt jate cojib iieajib -j I'piSe bjnje je-

menj -j jejmb yip liunij pele bjimcan pset abjiip]> liie

]Marcellus, apej. piS pyjimiiin ]^e mnan ejlaS ept jiebtc feo"6 on
psetjie oj? pone ]?]ubban bsol menje pi];* pm pele bpmcan.

Marcellus, 6pt pib bon gate ^eallan jebo on puUe lege "j biub on
' ' ]>one napolan. yip ]>on ilcan • mmtan pel jetpipulabe

menj pij? Imnij py]ic to lytluin clipene Itet popfpeljan.
6pt ele -j ecebep em micel gemenjeb pele J^py bajap
bjiincan. Gpt eopojij^jiote • mejice • Ijetonice • nepte •
jiScojm pyl on jnne. pi]> pyjunuin pe innan ejlab
pyptbjienc op oiitpan • op pelbmopan lele bjnncan-
Sealp • ete celej^onian • b]iunep3qit a]:»ylle on mojiobe •
bo ]7onne Icip teajio -j fpepl to imi]ie mib.

. XLVIIII.
AoKapts. y^p ]'3,m I'malan pyjime. pipepmban tpij pojiepeajib •

•j ]7a pealpan boccan njep pa jieaban • -j pip jpeate
pcalt jcbeatcn toja-'bepe fpiyjc I'male *j lytel butejian.

.L.

y ip lionb pyjimum -j beap pyjimuin • jenim boccan
fol. 47 a. obSc clataii pa pe i'pnnman polbe pa pyjittjiuman men;^

pi6 plccan "j prS j'calt last I'ranban pjico iiilit -j ]>y
pcoppan bajje iinipc inib pa j'apian fcopa.

' riiiiius Valerianus, ut infra. l ' Piiniuw Valerianiis, fol. 41, c.
■-' Head secjujola. |

LEECH BOOK. I. 123

within ; minsrle with hone^', tishes or dust of burnt ^^H \\.
harts horn, smear therewith tlie fundament and the
navel, then they fall away. For worms which ail
Avithin ; triturate costmar}' to dust, put a good deal
into hot water, give to drink.

2. For worms again ; mingle and rub up vriih honey
a hard and very dry goats tord, administer it to be
drunk, that will drive them awaj*. Against worms
which ail a man within, again; seethe in water radish
to the third part, mingle with wine, give to drink.
Again for that ; put goats gall on wool, lay and bind
it on the navel. For that ilk ; mingle with honey, mint
well triturated, work it into a little bolus, make him
swallow it. Ao-ain, give for three davs to diink oil
and of vineg-ai- an equal quantity. Again, everthroat,^
marehe, betony, nepeta, githcorn ; boil them in wine ;
For worms which are troublesome within ; give to
drink a wort drink of •*ontre'" and of parsnip. A
salve ; let him eat celandine ; let him boil brownwort
in inspissated wine, then add thereto ship tar and
sulfur ; smear therewith.

xiix.
For the small worm; the forepart of a twig of Hair worm,
withe wind, and the tallow dock,* not the red one, ^i?«'"f r "•«"-
and this coarse salt beaten together very small and Apalustris.
little butter.

].

1. For hand worms- and dew worms ; t-ake dock or
clotes, such as would swim, mingle the roots with cream
and with salt, let it st^aJid for three nights, and on
the fourth day smeai" therewith the sore places.

' Curlina acttulis. Keipjoi = tacniaj ? tape worms, \ronas

- Souse Gl. make gad dies the I like ribands or tapes ; i-ead as
hand worms ; are they rather here I x^'P'"*-

124 L^CE BOC.

tT): pypm hanb ete • jentm mejifc meaji jeallan 'j
jieabc netlaii -j jieabe boccan "j I'mjele clifan yy\ on cu
butejian j^onne fio j'ealj: jelbben I'le pipj^um nun Jjonne
j'ealtej' ])]iy men Iceab on hpeji colbnme • -j Innjie nnb •
ly)7]ie mib lapan ymb mhc fmijie inib. pi}) beappypme
Icseppe on liar col cele nnb pfetjie itseppe on Ipa hat
Ipa he harol'r mpeje, pib beappyjiine • fume mmaS
peajim cpeab monnef ]?ynne bnibab neahtepne on •
fume fpinef lunjenne peapme. ])i^ honb pypme Nmi
fcijVceapo • "J fpepl 'j pipop • -j hpir j-ealr menj coSomne
fmijie nnb. peax pealp pi)> pyjime • peax pealp • butepe
pipo]i hptr yealt: menj tofomne fmijie nnb.

.LI.

Pi]) pyjimum^ ])e mannep plsej'C etaS jiam jeallan
|;one pajan cnua on ni]ie ealo seji ])on Inc aj'ipen pe
fol. 47 b. pele ]5 opeji p3'llo bjiincan ))]ieo nihr. 6pt: jemm jjiunbe

fpeljean ]?e on eojipan peaxe]? -j fceapej- fmejiu menj
tofomne jelice pela leje on. 6j:t jennn bepen eap
befenj leje on fpa hat 'j hat pjietep lapa on. ]}ip
plccpc pyjimum jenim monnep fnjian |a leap gejiel
tojtebjie jebjiifib on jtejife jecuna ]7onne leje on fpa
j'u hatofc nuieje ajipepnan,

.LII.

yi]) Infiim acjiiub -j hpon pepmob jccnua on ealn
pele bjuncan. UiS lulum c])'ic peolpoji "j ealb butejie
an pemnj peolpjiep • -j tu pennij pa'je butepan menj
on ajipot eal toSomne.

' 'POnplacrii ?

LEECH BOOK. I. 125

2. If a worm cat the hand ; take marsh mareo-all''^ Book i.

f'l 1
and red nettle, and red dock, and tlte small bur, boil ^ "

in cows butter; when the salve is sodden, then further ^,„,.,„/,„/,«)(///

take of salt three parts, shed thereuj>on, shake together,

and smear therewith ; lather with soap, about night

timie smear therewith. Against a dew worm; let the

man step upon a hot coal, let him cool tlie foot with

water ; let him step upon it as hot as he hottest maj".

For a dew worm, some take warm thin ordure of

man, they bind it on for the space of a night ; some

tahe a swines lung warm. Against a hand worm ; take

ship tar, and sulfur, and pepper, and white salt, mingle

them together, smear therewith. A wax salve against

a worm ; a wax salve ; butter, pepper, white salt,

mingle them together, smear therewith.

li.

Against worms which eat a mans flesh ; pound into
new ale, before it be strained, the party coloured ram
gall,' give the running over to drink for three nights.
Again, take groundsel which waxeth on the earth, and
sheeps grease, mingle thein together, alike much in
qwtntlty, lay on. Again, take an ear of beer or bar-
ley, singe it, lay it on so hot, and hot water, leave it
on. Against flesh worms; take mans sorrel, boil the
leaves together, spread them out on the grass, then pound
them, lay them on, as thou hottest may endure them.

lii.

Against lice ; pound in ale oak rind and a little
wormwood, give to the lousy one to drink. Against
lice ; quicksilver and old butter ; one pennyweight of
quich^Wev and two of butter; mingle all together in
a brazen vessel.

' Menyimthea trifoliafa.

12G LiECE BOO.

.LTIT.

V iS fmejca j'yjmie nipe cyye -j beob]ieab 'j lipfietenne
lilap ete. Gyx: monnej" lieapob ban bj\3]in to aliyan bo
jnib pipan on.

.LIIII.

J)]]> pyjimaecura lice "j cpelbehtnm acjnnbe bnfc •
{rpcjiinbe bufc • ellen pnibe bnfc on no]i}jan neo];an
fol. 48 a. jam cpeope • eolonan mopan bufc- boccan mopan bufc'

j'yjim acmehipep bnfr pipopef bnfr fijlan bufc • fpejrlep
bnfc • ele • 'j li0]i]-ep fmejiu Co pope -j pcipteajiof leefc '
]>ip]"a ealpa empela -j })a]ia biifca ealjia empela jemenj
eal cealb to)-omne p hic pjiam ])ani ])ofuni eal pel
fmitenbe fmipe mib on nihc *j on mojijen ale]:>]ie.

.LV.

Pi]) aplejennni lice . bpom • peltejie • ^eappe • Iiope
p3'l on butepan -j on hiui ^ fmipe mib.

.LVI.

> ypc bse}* pi]) aplejenum lice • jentra 'p micle peapn
nio])opeapb • -j elm jtmbe jpene jecnua cofomne -j meb-
bjiofna bo CO pretan jnib fpiSe cofomne leje on lanje
lij'ile o]> p he peapm fie o])}^e onfcaeppe.

pip aplejenum lice pealp eolone fpiSe jefoben "j
niSepeajib homoppecj "j ealb fpic cniia eal topomne
jjyjim ])U]ih cla(5 co pyjie fmijie mib • pceappa ];onne
fimle ymb . YIT. niht ]-ere liojni on pa openan pceajipan

Iluro ail erasure occurs, as if luuiise laud been meant, but not filled ii

LEECH BOOK. I. 127-

liii. Book r.

Ch, liii.
Against a boring worm ; let the man eat new cheese

and beebread and wlieaten loaf. Again, burn to ashes

a mans liead bone or skull, put it on with a pipe.

liv,

For a wormeaten and mortified body ; dust of oak
rind, dust of ash rind, dust of elder rind, taken on the
north of tlie tree, and the nether part, warm, dust
of the root of helenium, dust of root of dock, dust of
acorn meal, peppers dust, dust of rye, sulfurs dust, oil,
and horses grease for a liquid, and the least propor-
tion of ship tar, of all these equal quantities, and of all
the dusts equally much ; mingle all cold together, so
tliat by means of the liquids may be all well smudg-
ing, or tJiorougJily unctuous, smear therewith at night,
and in the morning lather.

Iv.

For slain, that is, stricken, body, broom, fel terrre,^ » Enjthraa
yarrow, hove, boil these in butter and in honey, smear '^(^"'""'^'^""'^
therewith.

Ivi.

1 . Work a fomentation for a stricken body ; take

the mickle fern,'^ the netherward part, and elm rind ^ AsphHum
green, pound them together, and for a liquor add mead'"''
dregs, rub them up thoroughly together, lay on foi-
a long while, till tliat the sufferer be warm or walk
about.

2. For a stricken body, a salve; heieniurn thorouglily
sodden, and the netherward part of hammersedge, and
old lard, pound all togetlier, warm through a cloth
at the fire, smear therewith ; then scarify continually
about the bruise for seven nights, set a horn ' upon

' A cupping horn.

128 LtECE boc.

fol. 48 b. fmijie mib ])[e]ie Macan yealje fpa mht fj^a tpa fpa

];eapp fie 'j liy opeiie yynb.

.LVII.

^ukTi. j^ip }-'ice hjienc ^ pealj: • py]ini J'jpt pylle on meolce

^ b)\ince. Sealp cnua jlaep co bufte bo hiniije]- tfaji
on lacna \> bolj niib.

.LVII I.

lo penj-ealpe 'j pen byliim • pyjic hie op nio] opea]ibjie
nerlan "j op hemlice 'j op ])B?]ie clupihran penpyjite "j
op p[epe fmalan mo]ipy)ire pyl ealle peopep on bnrejian
'j on pceapep fineppe o]?]? jenoli j'le jecnna ept ]>a
ilcan pyjita on ]>ie]\e pealpe -j j'cip ceapo -j japleac -j
cjiopleac -j pecjleac "j pealr menj pel bo on claS p^^jnn
ro pype fpi^e^ fmipe mib.

Penj'ealp ourjie cejipan peai^e neclan pejunob • tpa
penpyjita • ellen jimbe • pejbp.tebe • fujmn • bipceop pyjit •
bulor niSepeapb • fmepe pypt • peak • pcipteaj\o • -j
pceapen fmejia. pij) pen byle Nim cpopleac • ontpe •
fol. 49 a. eolone • clupelite penpypr • jecnna ealle J^a )'/)ita fpi])e

pel leje on.

Penj-ealp hiojiorep meajih • ipij; teapo -j jebeaten pipop
'j fcip ceapo.

^ [P^V ]^^ blacan blejene fyle })am men etan cpejeu
cjioppaf oSSe ])]\y op ) sepe pypte ]?e man on J>peo pifan
hace^ myxenplante.]

fpi«, MS.

In the margin, in a different and later hand.

LERC'Tr BOOK. I. 129

the open scarifications, smear with tlie black salve, bo Book I.
it for a night, be it for two, as need be, and as they " ^''

be open.

Ivii.

For the disease called fig, a drink and a salve ; let
him boil worm wort in milk and drink it. A salve ;
pound glass to dust, add a drop of honey, leech the
wound therewith.

Iviii.

1. For a wen salve and for wen boils ; work the salro
of the netherward part of nettle and of hendock, and

of the wenv/ort which has cloves or bulbed roots^'^ and =" Probably

of the small moorwort, boil all four in butter and in f ""f"^"^"^'

sheeps grease till there be enough, pound again the

same worts in the salve, and ship tar, and garlic, and

cropleek, and sedgeleek,^ and salt, mingle well, put i> AHium

on a cloth, w^arm thoroughly at the fire, smear tliere- •'^fhienoprcmm.

with.

2. A salve for wens ; ontre, cress, I'ed nettle, worm-
wood, the two wenworts, elder rind, w^aybroad, sorrel,
bishopwort, the nether part of bulot, smearwort, salt,
shi]i tar,^ and sheeps grease. For a wen boil ; take
cropleek, ontre, helenium, the clove rooted wenwort,
]iound all the worts thoroughly well, lay the stuff on.

8. A wen salve ; harts marrow, ivy tar, and beaten
pepper, and ship tar.

4. [Against the black blain, give to the man to eat
two bunches or three ofl:' the wort, wdiich is called in
three ways, the mix en plant.^]

' Pix uavalis is occasionally prescribed by the medical authors, as
Nic. Myreps, 481, c, in the Medicte Artis Principes.
- Atropa belladonna.

VOL. ir. I

130 L^CE BOC.

LVIIII.

^ PiJ> If ft able • mm j^cenc jrulne peallenbef psetejief
o)>e]ine elep • *j bpicef yealtey fpilc fpa mseje mib j:eo-
pep pmjpum jemman • hpep tojsebepe op 5? hit eall

V' on an fie. bpmc eall be bpopan pefc hpile fanj pmjep

on ciolan afpip^ epc eall -j ma 51]: ]>u masje • ]?onne on
mor^5en foplset blob oj: eapme • oS6e of fpeopan fpa
msept apsefnan mseje • -j j-ceappije • *j hpon onfette
opep eall fmipe }>onne mib liacan ele "j htm sejhpset;

^- j-ealrep beopje • bpuce jlsebenan "j eop ojipeapnep uppe on

rpeope -j mib hnej'ce puUe opep ppiSe ealle J)a fceappan
]7onne hie fien jefmyjiebe. ])i]> neujiipne banpypt bo
on fupe plecan 'j on hunij sejep jeola menj tofomne
fmijie mib. Gpt jienpypmaf cnua bo on.

.LX.

P16 bjiyne pypc pealpe • jemrn jate tojib "j hpsete
fol. 49 b. liealm jebsepn to bufce jemenj burn pij) butepan bo

on pannan opeji pyp a]>yl fpi^e pel apeoli |)U]ib cla5
fmipe mib.

Pi]> bpyne jemm pmulep ni})epea]ibe]- jebeat piS
ealbne pypele -j leje on. Bpc jentm lilian -j jeappan
pyl on butepan fmipe mib. pij), pon ilcan pylle pibban
on butejian -j fmipe mib.

Pi]7 J;on ilcan pylle jeappan on butepan fmijie mib.

Pi]? ]?on ilcan pylle coccuc on pceape]' fmeppe -j
atcojilajjan -j eopoppeapn bo on hunij oSSe on peax.
Pi]> }>on bo as^ej- ]3 hpite on jelome.

napAxvati. | = afpi])e, as third persou better.

LEECH BOOK. I. 131

lix Book I.

Ch. lix.

Against palsy ; take a cup full of boiling water,
another of oil, and of white salt so much as one may
pick up with four fingers ; shake together till that it
be all one : drink all this by drops, rest awhile, poke
thy finger into the gullet, spew up again all and more
if thou ^ may ; then in the morning let blood from the
arm or from the neck, as much as he ' may bear ; and
scarify and let him put something on, then after all
smear with hot oil and let him taste a trifle of salt;
employ gladden and everfern picked high up on the
tree, and cover over with nesh wool all the scarifica-
tions when they have been smeared. Against "neu-
risn" put bone wort into sour cream, and into honey,
mingle together with this the yolk of an egg, smear
therewith. Again, pound up earthworms, apply them.

Ix.

1. Against a burn work a salve; take goats tord and
halm of wheat, burn them to dust, mingle both with
butter, put into a pan over the fire, boil thoroughly
well, strain through a cloth, smear therewith.

2. For a burn, take some of the netherward part of
fennel, beat it up with old grease, and lay on. Again,
take lilly and yarrow, boil them in butter, smear
therewith. For the same, boil ribwort in butter and
smear therewith.

3. For that ilk, boil yarrow in butter, smear there-
with.

4. For th^t ilk, boil mallow in sheeps grease, and
attorlothe, and everfern, put them into honey or into
wax. For that same, put the white of an egg on
frequently.

The careless use of pronouns belongs to the text.

I 2

132 L^OE BOC.

P'P l>]iyn<3 pab jecniia pyl on butejian finipe raib.

.LXI.

^ Pib liS psejice cnua li5 pyjit; ])i'6 Imnije o])])e ceop -j
leje on. 6}?u pulpep heapb ban baejin fpi'Se -j jecnua
fmale ajyfc ]m]\]\ claS bo on f bolj. PiS li]? psepce
cnua pejtniob pi]; teojipe -j pencepfan apjiinj f feap op
menj tolbnme clceni on J3 li'S j;e ]?ie]i faji pie jebnib
peepte on. pi]> liS peape jelob pyjit • bjiune pyjit: •
■j ba)\e pypt lytelu optofe peaxe]; on cune hsepS
fol. 50 a. hpire blofcman jecnua Sa }?peo pyj^ta jemenje ]3 bi}>

/ 30b j-ealp. O^anejum men li'S j-eau pyb6^ jepjun;^

seplej" feap on 'j bojmep fceapof'an fjnSe fmale jepceap
cpnn on p bolb ninan bo f op "j fnnle nipe on. pi]?
b'S feape h];py]it liunbep beapob jebspjine "j jecnupije
-j jebjipebebne jeppel • menj ]3 eall tofomne bo ]3 on.
6pt j-ennn fujme ?eppel jebpreb 'j leje on • bo jpuc
on upan ]jone reppel :•

Pi]; lib peape • jeiiim ina5e]7an menj piS hunij bo on
]> bolj -j Ijinb ppefce. pi]) peape jenim acpmbe -j bjiije
'j I'lpc to fmebman -j plahpopn pmbe nio])opea]ibe fypt

' 'Apdp~rts. I Dooms, p. 42. art. 53. " Si quis in

- Subluvium. We find the out- | " hnmevo plagietur ut glutinum

flowing of the synovia an object " compagum efflnat:" Laws, Henry

of leg.al enactment. See vElfrecLs I., p. 2G5.

LEECH B(K)K. 1. 133

5. For a burn, pound up woad, boil it in buttci-, ■^^'jok I.
•smear therewith. ^^- '"•

Ixi.

1. Against racking pain iu the joints, pound lith-
wort with honey, or chew it and lay it on. Again,
burn thoroughly the head bone or skull of a wolf and
pound it small, sift it through a cloth, put it on the
wound. Against pain in the joints, pound w^ormwood
with tar and fen cress, wring out the juice, mingle
together, stick the residue upon the joint where the
sore is, bind it on fast. For the synovia of the joints,
silver weed, brown Avort, and the little harewort,^ it
oftenest waxeth in a garden, it hath white blossoms,
})0und tlie three worts, mingle them, that is a good
salve. With many men the synovia of the joints oozeth
out,^ wring on the spot the juice of an apple, and shave
very small some shavings of horn, crumble"^ them on
the wound within it, remove that and ever apply the
same anew. For the synovia of the joints, burn lith-

wort,-'^ hound shead, and pound them up with roasted •■■ Samlmcus
apple ; mingle all that together, apply it. Again, take ^ " "*'
a sour apple, roast and lay it on ; ap|)ly groats over
above the apple.

2. For the synovia of the joints, take maythe, mingle
it with honey, apply it to the wound and bind it fast.
For the secretion of the joints, take oak rind and dry
it and work it to a fine Jiour or smede, and further
sloethorn rind, the netlierward part of it, sift tlieni

' Lepidium ? ! " siipincntiir, aut vicinis adfixi in-

- " Tunc articiili tumcntesinflau- " cunibant, ct aliquanclo Immore

" tui', ac cleinde durcscunt ft soli- | " piirulento vel miicilento collecto,

" dati saxeam faciunt qualitatem ; " aut viscoso, gcnerent poros, quos

" turn etiam nigriores cfficiuntur, ! " cos transitus dicere potcrimus.'" —

" atque contort!, ut in ohliquas Cnrlius vV^.irclianus, about A.D. 230,

" partes digiti vcrtantur, aut rcflexi Chron. lib. v. cap, 2.

134 " L^ECE BOG.

]>A }?ujili claS -j fceab on f bolj. pi8 li8 j^eape • jeiiiin
cetelhjitim *j bejieiihealm jebaejm 'j jnib tojsebepe 'j
fcab on. Jif li]?ule utyjine ^entm mepce nio]?opeapbne
•j hunij -j Lpsetenef melupep fmebman "j picjjan Innel '
bejnib tofomne leje on. Gpt 5emm mebopypte nioj^o-
peapbe ^ecniia fniale menj pi]> hmiije leje on ]?8et
jebatob fie.

fol. 50 b. Ttp lijmle ticypne jennn eceb -j fujie cpuman bejie-

nep hlapep -j jienpyjimap men^^ toSomne bmb on pset;
p h]? mib ecebe o]7]?e mib fupan eala^. Jip lijjule
tityjine • jentm pepmob -j jecnua bo on teojio clsem
on -j bmb on yssyte.

.LXII.

^ Pi]? pepeji able • elehtjian • ^yj^pipe • pejbjiasbe jecnua
on ealu Iset fcanban tpa nilit pele bpmcan. P1J7 peppe
ept betonican bpmce fpiSe • -j ete Jjpeo fnseba. 6pt:
bjunc on Llutrcptim ealaS pepmob • jyj^jiipan • betonican •
bipceoppypo • pen mmte • bojen • fio clupilite • pen-
pyjit • mappulDie • bpmce J'pitij baja. bpenc ]n]> ]7on •
beronican • fppmjpypr attojilaSe • bepbme • eopopj^pote •
Imnbeptunje • bpeopje bpoMe • pepimob. pi8 J^pibban
baejep pepjie on peajimum psetpe bpmce betonican tyn
popan ]?onne to pille. piS peo-^J'an bsejep pepjie bpimce
pejbpseban feap on fpetum psetpe tpam tibum sep him
fol. 51 a. fe pepep to pille. pi]? selcej- bsejef pepepe bpmce

on cealbum paetepe betonican bufcep f senne penmj
jepeje • o]?ep fpilc pejbppeban.

Pi]? peppe ept hylpS fynbpijo majiubie to bjimcanne.
Pi]? lencten able pepmob eopop ]?jiote • elebtpe • pej-
bpsebe • pibbe • ceppille • attoplaSe • pepeppuje < alex-
anbjic • bipceoppyjit • hipefcice • Saluic • capj-uc pypc to

' Read Innelye ? 1 •' Uvpirus, Febris.

- men, MS.

LEECH BOOK. I. 135

throuo'h a cloth, and shed that on tlie wound. For ^"^"^ ^•

. . . Ch. 1x1.

synovia of the joints, take kettle soot and barley halm,
burn and rub them together, and shed on. If the
synovia run out, take the nether ward part of marche
and honey, and the smede of wheaten meal, and the
bowels of an ear wig, rub them together, and lay on.
Again, take the netherward part of meadowwort, pound
it small, mingle with honey, lay on till it be mended.
3. If the synovia run out, take vinegar and sour
crumbs of a barley loaf, and earthworms, mingle to-
gether, and bind on ; wet the joint with vinegar or
with sour ale. If the synovia run ou€, take worm-
wood and pound it, put it on tar, plaster it on, and
bind it on fast.

Ixii.

1. For fever disease ; pound in ale lupins, githrife,
waybroad, let it stand for two nights, administer to
drink. For fever again ; let him drink betony much,
and eat three bits of it. Again, drink in clear ale
wormwood, githrife, betony, bishopwort, fen mint, rose-
mary, the clove rooted wenwort, marrubium, drink for
thirty days. A drink for that, betony, springwort,
attorlothe, vervain, everthroat, houndstongue, dwarf
dwosle, wormwood. For a tertian fever, let the sick
drink in warm water ten sups of betony, when the
fever is approaching. For a quartan fever, let him
drink juice of waybroad in sweetened water two hours
before the fever will to him. For a quotidian fever,
let him drink in cold water so much of the dust of
betony as may weigh a penny ; as much more of way-
broad.

2. For fever again it helpeth, to drink marrubium
alone. For lent addle, or typhns fever, work to a drink
wormwood, everthroat, lupin, waybroad, ribwort, cher-
vil, attorlothe, feverfue, alexanders, bishopwort, lovage.

13G

LiEOE BOO.

fol. ol b.

* Head Indc.

bjience on pelfcum ealaS bo halij piereji to • -j Ipjunj

pij- mon yceal pjiitan on hu]*lbipce "j on j'one bpeuc
inib habj pajrejie ])pean -j jnnjan on •

+ + +A+ + + + +CD+ + + + + + + + +
In ppmcipio ejiat uejibum et nejabum epat apnc
beum et beup ejiat: ue]ibum. ]Doc ejiat In p]nnci})io
apuo beum omnia peji ij^Siim ysczn Sunt, pj'eah J'onnc
■]) ^epjut mib bab^ j'a^cjie op ]?am brfce on }7one bjienc*
Inij • ]jonne cjiebo ^-j pateji nopteji -j \ny leo]?. bcati
Jniii cubxtj ]>one feabn mib ab bommum ]?am .xii.
jebeb pealmmn. Abiuro uoS ppijopef^ et pebpeS • pep
beum patpem omnipotentem et pep eraf pibum lepum
cjnptum peji apcenfum et bipcenfum^ SaJuatopip noptpi
ut jiecebatiS be boc pamulo bei • et be cojipuSculo
eiu]- quam^ bomniup noptep Inbimmape Inftituit. Um-
cit: nop leo be tpibu niba jiabix bauib. Uincic uoj- qui
umci non poteSt • + xpp natuf • + xpp pafsup • +
xpf uentujiuf • + aiuj- •'* + aiup • + aiup • + Sc)- •
+ Sep- + Sop* Jn bic''' Salutipepip mceben]- jpepiibup
upbe]- • oppiba jiupa uicop captjia cafcella pejia^pani".
Omnia bepulpq- fanabat cojipopa mopbi]- -^ -j J>pi])a ];onne
onfupe ]nep psetepef fpelcef 3ebp?e]7e]i pajia manna.

ITpos
haitxaviKovi.

.LXIII.

Pi]? peonb leociim men • ]?onne beopol |)one monnan
pebc obSe bme iiinan jepealbe mib able. Spipebpenc
ebibtpe • bifceoppyjit • beolone cpopleac jecnua toSoinne
bo eala to psetan Iget franban ncabtejine bo piptij
lybcopna on -j babj pa^tep, bjienc pip peonbfeocum
men op cijucbellan to bpmcanne • jyj^jnpe • jlsep •'^ jeappe •
elebtpe • betonice • attopbape • cappiic • pane • pinul •

' Frigora.

^ Descensum.

^ Quern.

■* an\y = aytos.

'■" Head Oppida, rura, casas, vicos,

castella pcragrans ; Sedulius,
Carm. Pascli , Lib. III., 23. Inter-
■floven in the text of Beda, III.
xxviii.

" For nej^la:)-, cynajglaei-j-an ?

LEECH BOOK. I. 137

Hage, cassock, in foreigu ale ; add holy water and i^<>'>^ I.

Ch. Ixii.
spring wort.

8. A man shall write this upon the sacramental An exorcism

paten, and wash it ofi' into the drink with holy water,

and sing over it .... In the beginning, etc. (John

i. 1.) Then wash the writing with holy Avater ott' the

dish into the drink, then sing the Credo, and the

Paternoster, and this lay, Beati immaculati, the psalm ;'

with the twelve prayer psalms, I adjure you, etc. And

let each of the two^ men then sip thrice of the water

so prepared,

Inde salutiferis incedens gressibus urbes,

Oppida, rura, casas, vicos, castella peragrans

Omnia depulsis sanabat corpora morbis.

SEDVLIVS.

Ixiii.

For a fiend sick man, or demoniac, when a devil
possesses the man or controls him from within with
disease ; a spew drink, or emetic, lupin, bishop wort,
henbane, cropleek ; pound these together, add ale for
a liquid, let it stand for a night, add fifty libcorns,
or cathartiG grains, and holy water. A drink for a
fiend sick man, to be drunk out of a church bell ; cimrch bell.
githrife, cynoglossum, yarrow, lupin, betony, attorlothe,
cassock, flower de luce, fennel, church lichen, lichen, of

' Psalm, cxix.

- Two, the leech and the sick ; two is in j^ehpaj^cji.

138 LMCE BOC.

cipicjiaju • cjiifcef msele]* jiai^u • lupefcice • ^epyjic ]7one
fbl. 52 a. bjienc oj: liluttjium ealaS jefmje feofon msej'yan 0}:e]\

]7am pyjitum bo ^apleac 'j halig psetep to -j bjiype on selcne
bpincan ]?one bpenc ]^e he bpmcan piUe ept* 'j fmje
];one fealin • bean Inmaculati -j exupsat; • -j Saluum
me pac beuj- • *j j^onne bjimce J;one bpenc op cipicbellan -j
fe mseppe ppeofe him finje seprep pam bpence }>if opep.
bomme Sancte parep omnipocenf. Pi]? bpsecfeocum
men • cofc • jotpoj^e • eluhtpe • betonice • attoplaSe •
cjiopleac • hoiecepfan • hope • pmul • afm^e mon msep-
pan opep pypce op pylifcum ealoS -j op halij pastepe.
bjimce ]?ipne bpenc per jejhpilcum nipe nijon mopjenaf
'j nane o]?pe pseran f ]7icce -j fcille fie • -j selmeppan
pelle "j htm apena 30b jeopnhce bibbe. pi^ peben
heopte bifceoppypt • elehcpe • banpypt • eopoppeapn •
jij^pipe • heahhiolojje j^onne bsej fcabe ^ -j niht ]?onne
fmj ]>u on cipicean letaniaf f ip ]?apa hahjpa naman •
•j patep noptep mib j^y fanje ]m 5a ]5 ]ni fie aeC })am
pyptum 'j ]ppipa ymbja *j ]>oma.e ]>n hie 111 me janj ejrc
to cipicean mib ])j ilcan panje • -j jepmj .xii. m^p-
pan opep -j opep ealle ])a bpencan ]>e to j^sepe able
fol. 52 b. belimpaj) on peop^mynbe |?apa tpelpa apoftola.

.LXIIII.

Pi|> selcpe ypelpe leobpunan -j piS a3lppibenne j^ij-
3ep]ut ppit him ]>iy ^pecifcum ftapum • + + A + 4
O 4-y°+ipByM iHli:- B e p p N NIKNEttANI.
Gpt • o]7e]i buft 'j bpenc pi]? leobpunan • jemm bpembel
jeppel -j elehtpan "j pollesian jecnua* fipt }?onne bo on
pohhan leje unbeji peopob fmj 1113011 mgeppan opep bo
on meoloc f buft bpyp ]7pipa on halij psetepef^ pele

' At morning twilight.

- A partitive genitive ; balij; in haliS )i!cce)i is commonly unde-
clincd, or regarded as part of a compound.

LEECH BOOK. [. ISO

Cluists mark or cross, lovagc ; work up the driuk off '^ook I.
clear ale, sing seven masses over the worts, add garlic and '^ '' '''"'
holy water, and drip the drink into every drink which
he will subsequently drink, and let him sing the psalm,
Beati immaculati, and Exurgat, and Salvum me fac, dens, Psalm cxix.
and then let him drink the drink out of a church bell, Psaim Ixix.'
and let the mass priest after the drink sing this over
him, Domine, sancte pater omnipotens.' For a lunatic;
costmary, goutweed, lupin, betony, attorlothe, cropleek,
field gentian, hove, fennel; let masses be sung over,
let it be wrought of foreign ale and of holy water ;
let him drink this drink for nine mornings, at every
one fresh, and no other liquid that is thick and still,
and let him give alms, and earnestly pray God for his
mercies. For the phrenzied ; bishopwort, lupin, bonewort,
everfern,^ githrife, elecampane, when day and night di-
vide, then sing thou in the church litanies, that is,
the names of the hallows or saints, and the Pater-
noster ; with the song go thou, that thou mayest be
near the worts, and go thrice about them, and when
thou takest them go again to church with the same
song, and sing twelve masses over them, and over all
the drinks which belong to the disease, in honour of
the twelve apostles.

Ixiv.

Against every evil rune lay,^ and one full of elvish A holy amultt.
tricks, write for the bewitched man this writing in
Greek letters : alfa, omega, iesvm (?) beronikh.* Again, ix0Y5 ?
another dust or powder and drink against a rune lay ;
take a bramble apple,^ and hipins, and pulegium, pound ^ ^ oiackhary.
them, then sift them, put them in a pouch, lay them
under the altar, sing nine masses over them, put the

' A formula of Benediction ; ! ^ Heathen charm,
several such are found in the ' Invoking the miraculous por-

Missals. trait of Christ on the kerchief of

- Polypodium vnhjare. \ St. "Veronica.

140 L^CE BOC.

bnincan on bjieo tiba • on unbejin • on mibb^ej • on
non* jij: I'lo abl netnum fie jeot: mib lialij jiterpe on
muS f lice bnfc. Sealf elehtjie hejejufe • biyceoppyjit •
pa peaban majojmn • ajimelu • cjiopleac • yealr pyl on
butejian to fealjre fniijie on f heapob "j J'a bjieolr.
bpenc hapan fppecel • alexanbjne • jmbe • elehrjie
hejejiipe • bipceoppyjit • mnjope • cpopleac • apmelu •
fio cneoelite • j'enpyjit bo on lialij psetep. Jip mon
inape pibe • jenim elehtjian 'j japleac • "j betonican •
fol. 53 a. -j jiecell" biiib on mepce lipebbe liim mon on "j lie

janje in on pap j'ypte.

.LXV.

6 pt bpenc piS lenc~en able pepejipuje • hpam jealla*
pmul • ]'e;5bppebe • jefinje mon pela meeppan opep ] sepe
j^yjite -^ opjeot; mib ealaS bo halij pa?t:ep on pyl fpipe
]'t'l bjunce ponne Ipa lie hatofc mseje micelne fcenc
pnlne sep pon fio abl to pille :• peopeji jobfpellapa

-'— H-
naman "j jealbop "j jebeb • -1-^,-1- . COatheup • + + + -}- +

16.

CtJa]icuS+ + + + + • lucaS • -j4^- • Iobannep_L;^_lt^. Inteji-

cebite ppo me • Tiecon • leleloth • patjion • abiiipo uoS.

6pt jobcunb jebeb • Jn nomine bommi fit benebic-
Runes. tiim • b^j^onice • bepomcen • et babet In uefnmento et

In pemope fuo • fcjuptum pex pejmii et bominnj- bomi-
Kev. xix. jiantjum*' 6pr jobcunb jebeb. Jn nomine fit bene-

(lictnm . M M IVl R IV1 ]> • N cj . ], T X X M R F p N -j • ]J T X .'-^
e"- pceal mon ipijcnbe pi"]* j'jutan -j bon paf pojib

fpijenbe on pa pmfrjian bjieoft -j ne ja be m on

']; jepjut ne m on beji • -j eac fpijenbe pif on bon •

HAMMANy"EL • BPONice- NOy" e pTAy^EPT.

' This use of the singular is mere '. {xjMRMl' • Ni 'hTX, and unckr-
carelessness. i stand the T as an J.

-Head ><MIV!RW|'- NjlTX-

LERCTl BOOK. T.

HI

dust into milk, drip thrice some lioly water upon tlnni, ijook T.
administer this to drink at tliree hours, at undern, or ^'''- '^i^'-
nine in the morning, at midday, at noon, hora nana,
or three in the afternoon. If the disease be on cattle,
pour that ilk dust into the mouth with holy water.
A salve ; boil lupin, hedgerife, bishopwort, tlie red
may the, harmala,^ cropleek, salt, in butter to a salve, ' P''<iii>ium har-
smear it on the head and the breast. A drink ; put
into holy water, vipers bugloss, alexanders, rue, lupins,
hedgerife, bishopwort, maythe, cropleek, harmala, the
wenwort which hath knees.^^ If a mare ^ or hag ride '' •^"''''""
a man, take Ivipins, and garlic, and betony, and frank-
incense, bind them on a fawns skin, let a man have
the worts on him, and let him go in to Ms home.

Ixv.

1. Again, a drink against lent addle or iijplivs ;
feverfue, the herb rams gall,^ fennel, waybroad ; let a
man sing many masses over the worts, souse them
with ale, add holy water, boil very thoroughly, let tlte
man drink a great cup full, as hot as he may, before
the disorder will be on him ; say the names of the
four gospellers, and a charm, and a prayer, etc.^ Again,
a divine prayer, etc., deeee]?- hand- |?IX' DEI^e]).
HAND • ]?IN • thine hand vexeth, thine hand vexeth.

Again, a man shall in silence write this, and silently
pvit these words on the left breast, and let him not
go in doors with that writing, nor bear it in doors.
And also in silence put tliis on, Emmanuel, veronioa."*

' As in niglit mare.

^ Menyanthes trifoliata.

^ Leliloth is an Arabic-

idol.

(Freytag.) Cf. Alilat Herod, iii.
' The imaore on the kercliief.

142

L^CE EOC.

fol 53 h.

.LXVI.

yi]) unjemynbe "j jnS by)-;5un;5e bo on ealo bij'ceop
pyjit . elehtjian • berouican ]?a fuj'ejman jrmujlan •
nefcan limbhioloSan • jyj^pijran • mepce • bpmce j^onne.
Pi]? unjemynbe 'j bifjunje bo on eala capfiam • 'j eleh-
tpan • bifceoppyjit • alexanbjiian • Jij^pipe • pelbmopan
•j lialij pretep bpmce ponne.

. LXVII.

V iS jenumenum mete • jentm elelitpan le^e unbeji
peofob fmj nijon mseppan opeji ■^ pceal pij> jenume-
num mete leje unbep f yset • J7e j^u pille on melcan.'
^tp ealo apejib fie • jenim ];a elehtjian leje on ]fa,
peopep pceattap ]7?ep sepnef -j opep ]?a bupu "j unbep
])one ]?epxpolb "j unbep f ealopset bo mib halij psetjie
\>a, pypt on f eala ;

jtp mete fy apypb "j anjehpsebe mylcen oSSe pilb
o]?]7e bpyjpen • halja ];a pyj'te bo on -j unbep f pset •
•j unbeji |?a bupu • bo elehtpan -j clipan • -j betonican
•j bifceoppypt.

fol. r>4 a.

. LXVIII.

yi]) |;on jip hunta jebite mannan f ij- fpij^pa pleali
J)py pceajipan neali pjiompeapbef lait yjman f blob on
3peimne Iticcan h^ejienne peopp ponne opep pej aj^eg
]?onne ne hip nan ypel. Gpt apleali ane pceappan ou' n
]?am bolje jecnua Ijecepypt leje on ne bij? Mm nan
ypel. pi]? jonjelpseppan liite • mm ?epep]?an nio]?o-

' The Saxons used milk and pre-
parations of anilk for the food of the
churls family. Hence the churls

cow is called his Meat cow, DD,

187, 188,

LEECH BOOK. L 143

Ixvi Book I.

Ch. Ixvi.

Against mental vacancy and against folly; put into
ale bishopwort, lupins, betony, the southern or Italian
fennel, nepte, water agrimony, cockle, marclie, then let
the man drink. For idiotcy and folly, put into ale,
cassia, and lupins, bishopwort, alexanders, githrife, field-
more, and holy water ; then let him drink.

Ixvii.

1. For the better digestion of meat taken ; take lu-
pins, lay them under the altar, sing over them nine
masses, that shall avail for meat taken; lay it under
the vessel into which thou hast in mind to milk. If
ale be spoilt, then take lupins, lay them on the four
quarters of the dwelling, and over the door, and under
the threshhold, and under the ale vat, put the wort
into the ale with holy water.

2. If meat be spoilt,^ and a good quantity of milken

food, or a milking,^ or brewing, hallow the worts,^ put ' ^'^^ m- ^"'
them into and under the vat, and under the door ; use
lupins, and clifwort, and betony, and bishopwort.

Ixviii.

In case that a hunting spider^ bite a man, that is
the stronger spider, strike three scarifications near, in
a direction from the bite, let the blood run into a
green spoon of hazel wood, then throw it over the road
away; then no harm will come of it. Again, strike a
scarification on the wound; pound leechwort; lay it
on, no harm will happen to the man. Against bite of
a weaving spider,* take the netherward part of seferthe,

' Cf. Luke xiv. 34. Marshall. j appropriate for the Aranea taran-
- By one of the henisons in the tula, the habits of which our

ecclesiastical Manuale. : author had, doubtless, learnt.
^ Salticus scenicus is now de- ' Aranea viatica,

scribed by this name ; but it is very |

144 L^CE P.OC.

pefijibe "j ]'lah]?0]in • paje ahjiii; to hufre ;5e]>ren mib
Imnije lacna ]3 bolh mih. pi]? liuntan bite blace fnejlaj'
on hatt]\e pannan jeliypfce' ^ to bufte jepiibene • -j
pipop • -j betomcan ete p buft -j bjimce ^ on lecje.
PiS Inintan bite Nim ni];epea]ibne^ cottuc leje on
]) bolli. Gpt ayleali • V. yceajipan ane on J»am bite
"j }:eopeji janbutan peopp mib fticcan fpijenbe ojreji
psenpej.

.LXVIIIT,

yi]) pebe liiinbej- plite ajjiimonian -j pejbjireban ;i;e-
menje mib hunije -j aejep ■]> hpite lacna pa pnnbe mib
]/y. pi]> hunbep bolje poxep elate • jjiunbefj^elje pyl
on batepan fmijie mib. 6pt betomcan jetpipula leje
on |:ione bite. 6pt pejbp^eban jebeat leje on. 6pt
fol. .54 h. x:\'>a cipan obSe j^peo feoj? 3eb]ia?b on ahfan men;^ pi'S

jiyple "j luinije leje on. Gpt jebtepne fpmef ceacan
to ahfan yceab on. 6pt jemin pejbpseban mojian
jecnua'"' pi]^ py]"le bo on ]> bolh J^onne afcjiyp'S hio \>
atep apej.

.LXX.

Zip mon fie to pjirone pyl hmbheolojmn on pilifctlm
ealaS bjunee on neaht neptij. Gtp mon fie to nn-
pppene ]'yl on meolce pa ilcan py]^t ponne apptenpt pu.
Pyl on eope meolce ept hmbhiolopan alexanbjiian po]i-
netep polm hatte pyjit ponne bip hit fpa Inm leopofc
brS.

For j;ehy))jTc'he.
' nijjepeapbe corrected to the masculine, MS.
' secna, MS.

LKKCIl Book. I. 145

and lichen from Llie l)lackt1i()vn, dry it to dust, moisten Book I.
with lioney, tend the Avound therewith. Against hite ^ ''• '^''^'""
of Inuititig spider, bUiek snails fried in a hot pan and
rubbed to dust, and pepper, and betony, let the man
eat the dust, and drink it, and lay it on. For l)ite of
hunting spider, take the netherward part of mallow,
lay it on the wound. Again, strike five scarifications,
one on the bite, and four lound about it, throw the
blood with a spoon silently over a wagon way.

Ixix.

For bite of mad dog; mingle with honey agrimony
and way broad, and the white of an agg, dress the
wound with that. For wound by a hound ; foxes
dote,-'' groundsel, boil these in butter, smear ihnve.w'iiU.'' Burdock.
Again, triturate betony, lay it on the bite. Again,
beat wayl)road, lay it on. Again, seethe two or tliroe
onions, roast them on ashes, mingle with fat and
honey, lay on. Again, burn a s wines cheek or jaw to
ashes, shed this on. Again, take more or root of way-
broad, pound it, put it on the wound witli lard, then
it will scrape the venom away.

Ixx.

If a man be too salacious, boil waiter agrimony in
foreign, ale, let him drink thereof at night fasting. If
a man be too slow ad venerem, boil that ilk wort in
milk, then thou givest him corage. Boil in ewes
milk, again, hindheal, alexanders, the wort which bight
Fornets^ pahn,''^ then it will be with him as he would ' Uukuown.
liefest have it be.

' For Fornet or I''ornjot, see llie index of name.'?.
VOL. II.

144 L^CK EOC.

peajihe ^ ylali]:'0]ni • ji.aje a^jiii; to bufre jej^ren mib
Imnije laciia ]3 bolh inih. ])i]} liuntan bite blace fiiejlaj'
on hatt]\e pannan jeliyjifce' 'j to biifte jejnibene • -j
pipoji • -j betonican ete p bnft -j bjiince *j on lecje.
Pi'S Inmtan bite Nim ni];epeapbne^ cottuc leje on
\) bolli. 6j:t ayleah • V. j'ceajipan ane on ];am bite
•j ):eopeji ymbutan peopp raib fticcan fpijenbe ofeji
ppenpej.

.LXVIIII,

y\]) pebe Ininbej- plite ajpimonian -j pejbjifeban -^e-
menje mib hunije -j tejey ]> hpite lacna ]>a pnnbe mib
]'.y- P^l^ hnnbep bolje poxep elate • jjiunbefpelje pyl
on butepan fmipe mib. Gpt betonican jetpipula leje
on J^one bite. 6pt pejbpfeban jebeat leje on. 6pt
fnl. 54 b. "cpa cipan oSSe j^peo feo]» jebjia^^b on ahfan menj pi'5

pyple -j hunije le;5e on. Gpt jebrejme fpinef ceacan
to ahfan yceab on. 6pt jemm pejbjifeban mopan
^ecnua"'^ pi]> Jiyj'le bo on f bolh jjonne afcpypb hio ]3
atep apej.

.LXX.

Xi)- mon fie to p]ia^ne pyl hinbheolo];an on pilifcuni
ealaS bjunce on neaht nepti;^. Glp mon fie to nn-
pprene j'yl on meolce pa ilcan pypt };onne appanpt ]?u.
Pyl on eope meolce ept hinbhioloJ>an alexanbpian poji-
netep pobn hatte pyjit ];unne \n\> hit fpa htm leopoft
brS.

For t;ehyji)Tc-be.
' ni})epeapbe corrected to tlie masculine, MS.
jecna, MS.

LEECH Book. I. 1 4o

and lichen from the blackthorn, dry it to dust, moisten Book I.
with honey, tend tlie wound therewith. Against }»ite xlvui.

of hunting s}jider, black snails fried in a hot pan and
rubbed to dust, and pepper, and betony, let the man
eat the dust, and drink it, and lay it on. For bite of
hunting spider, take the netherward part of mallow,
la}' it on the wound. Again, strike five scarifications,
one on the bite, and four round about it, throw the
blood with a spoon silently over a wagon way.

Ixix.

For bite of mad dog; mingle with honey agrimony
and waybroad, and the white of an egg, dress tho
wound witli that. For wound by a hound ; foxes
clote,^ groundsel, boil these in butter, smear tlierewith. "^'c'^'wA.
Again, triturate betony, lay it on the bite. Again,
beat waybroad, lay it on. Again, seethe two or three
onions, roast them on ashes, mingle with fat and
honey, lay on. Again, burn a swines cheek or jaw to
ashes, shed this on. Again, take more or root of way-
broad, pound it, put it on the wound with lard, then
it will scrape the venom away.

Ixx.

If a man be too salacious, boil waiter agrimony iu
foreign ale, let himi drink thereof at night fasting. If
a man be too slow ad venerem, boil that ilk wort iu
milk, then tliou givest him corage. Boil in ewes
milk, again, hindheal, alexanders, the wort vjJtich hight
Fornets' palm,* then it will be with him as he would ^ l^ul^uown.
liefest have it be.

' For Foinet or Fonijot, see the iudex of names.
VOL. II. K

146 LiECE BOC.

.LXXI.

Vi]? pseje peofan jiuban fpa jpene feoJ» on ele 'j on
peaxe fmipe mib Jjone psejepeofan. 6f r mm jate hsep
fmec unbeji );a bpec pi J? ]?8ep J^seje peofan. jtp hoh
fmo popab fie . mm popnetef folm feo^ on paetpe
be|7e mib f lim -j J^peali mib ^ lim 'j pypce yestlye
op butepan fmipe tieptep ba]?e.

. LXXII.

On hpilce tib blob fie to popjanne on lipilce to
fol. 55 a. Isetenne. bloblsep ip to popjanne ptptyne nihtum sep

hlapmsejje -j septep pip -j J^pitij nihtum pop ]?on ]?omie
ealle setepno J^mj pleoja}; "j mannum fpi'Se bepia^ •
laecap Isepbon ]>a |?e pipofte psepon f nan man on ]?am
monj^e ne bpenc ne bpunce ne ahpsep hif lichoman panije
butan htp nybj>eapp psepe • -j j^onne on mibbelbajtim
mne jepunobe poji |^on |?e fio lypt bi]> J^onne fpijioft je-
menjeb. Romane him pop]?on 'j ealle fuS pole pophton
eop]^ huf pop psepe lypte pylme *j setepneppe. 6ac
pecjea^ Isecap 'pte jeblopene j'ypta |7onne fien betfte
to pyjicenne je to bpencum je to pealpum je to bufte.
JOu mon fcule bloblaefe on ];apa fix pipa selctim on
monSe popjan -j hponne hit^ betft fie • Ipecap IsepaS
eac ]J nan man on }?on ptp nihta ealbne monan "j ept
X. nihca -j piptyne 'j tpentijef 'j yiy *j tpentijef -j

' The idea is blob j-oplsecan, for bloblaese is feminine.

LEECH BOOK. I. 147

, . Book i.

IXXl. Ch. Ixxi.

For the dorsal muscle, seethe in oil and in wax, rue
so green, smear the dorsal muscle therewith. Again,
take goats hair, make it smoke under the breech up
against the dorsal muscle. If a heel sinew be broken,
take Fornets palm, seethe it in water, foment the limb
therewith, and wash the limb therewith ; and work a
salve of butter, smear after the fomentation.

Ixxii.

On what season bloodletting is to be foregone, on
what to be practised. Bloodletting is to be foregone
fifteen nights ere Lammas,^ and after it for five and
thirty nights, since then aU venomous things fly and
much injure men.^ Leeches who were wisest, have
taught, that in that month no man should either di^ink
a potion drink, nor anywhere weaken his body, except
there were a necessity for it ; and that in that case,
he during the middle of the day should remain with-
in, since the lyft or air is then most mingled and
impure. The Romans for this reason, and all south
folk, wrought to themselves earth houses, for the boil-
ing heat and venomousness of the lyffc.^ Also leeches
say that blossomed worts are then best to work, either
for drinks, or for salves, or for dust. Here is set forth
how a man shall forego bloodletting on each of the
six fives in the month, and when it is best. Leeches
teach that no man on the five nights old moon, and
again on the ten nights old, and fifteen nights old,
and twenty, and five and twenty, and on the thirty

' August 1.

- This refers to Italy and to its
plumbeus auster, Autumnusque
gravis, Libitinse qusestus acerbse.

^ The Italian sirocco, per autum-
nos nocentem corporibus.

K 2

14S L^CE EOC.

Jjpitnjef nilira ealbne monan ne lisre blob ac betpeox
])a]ia ]'ex ppa selcum • -j nif nan Ijloblaeytib fpa 50b
fpa on ]:ojiej>eapbne lencten J^onne jni yjrelan pEetan
)1. :>') 1). beoj^ jejabejiobe |)e on pmrjia jebjiuncene beoS -j on

kalenbaf apjiilif ealpa j-elefc ];onne tjieop -j pyj^ta
a?pefc tip ffijiyttacS ];onne peaxeS fio ypele jiUefcpe -j
v^ p ypele blob on J^am holcnm j^sep lichoman. r'iy mon-

ne]- l)lob bolli ypelije jentm ]7onne jeojiraeu leap apylle
on ptetjie 'j be]7C inib • "j jccniia nioj^opeajibe leje on.
Tip |hi pille on fnibe blob pojih^tan • ntni cerelef hpum
;^e;5mb ro bufce pceab on ]^a punbe. Temin jnjen healm
ept 'j bejien jebsejm to bufue • jip |m ne mtpje blob
bolli appij^an 5en1"in hojipep tojib nipe abjure on funnan
o'S^e be pypie je^nib to bnfre fpi];e pel leje }5 buft
Ipij'e ]?icce on Imenne claS ])]n}> niib ]?y p blobbolh
neahtepne. Jip ]n\ jeotenb tebpe nc niajje apjiipan
jennn p ]'elpe blob Jie opypji'^i ;5eba3]in on Latum ftane
•j jejnib to bufte leje on pa sebpe p buft "j ' appi''6
fpiSe. Ttp mon ?et bloblpetan on fmpe beplea menj
topomne j'eax -j ptc -j fceapen fmepa lege on cla8 ^j
on p bolh. .

.LXXIII.

V Qip men cnje hpilc hm ^^enim jnjen niela bo on ]>
hm -j nane psetan • jip pu psetan bel'u to oppe fraejia

A. oG a. pealpe ne mealit pu hit jelacnian -j ]'e man j'ceal fpipe

I'tille beon py j-u pcealt hme lialue ;^ebon.

.LXXIIII.

V jhy peajrcuiu ^j pcajijiuui^ Gn lime • i^entni iinjjieuan
•j hunijef peap menj tojsebejie bo on pa ])eaptan -j

' So in Latiu Verruccc arc disiinguisiiod from Vari.

LEECH BOOK. I. 149

nights old moon .sliouKl let blood, but betwixt eacli nl" ijook I.

the six fives: and there is no time for bloodletting so ^'^- ^■"^^""

good as in early lent, when the evil luimom-s arc

gathered which be drunken in during winter, and

on the kalends of April best of all, when trees and

worts first up sprout, when the evil ratten waxeth,

and the evil blood, in the liulks or holloiv /ntme-

vjorks of tlie body. If a lancet wound grow corrupt

in a man, then take mallow leaves, boil them in water,

and bathe therewith, and pound the netherward part

of the wort ; lay on. If thou wilt stop blood running

in an incision, take kettle soot, rub it to dust, shed it

on tlie wound. Again, take rj'e and barley halm, burn

it to dust; if thou may not stanch a lAooMeiting wound,

take a new horses toi'd, dry it in tlie sun, or by the

fire, rub it to dust thoroughly well, lay the dust very

thick on a linen cloth, tie up for a night the blood-

letting wound with that. If thou may not stanch a

gushing vein, take that same blood which runneth out,

dry it on a hot stone and rub it to dust, lay the dust

on the vein, and tie up strong. If in bloodletting a

man cut upon a sinew, mingle together wax, and

])itch, and sheeps grease, lay on a cloth, and on the

cut.

Ixxiii.

If for a man any limb of his become chinked or
chopped, take rye meal, apply it to the limb and no
wet ; if thou puttest wet to it, or a grease salve, thou
mayest not cure it, and the man sliall be very still, in
that way thou shalt make him h.ole.

Ixxiv.

Against warts and callosities on a limb ; take sin-
green, and juice of honey, mingle together, apply to the

150 LMCE BOC.

peajijiaf. 6j:t cealjrej" fceapn 'j ahfan jemenj piS eceb
•j leje on. Gy- yipiey jimbe jebsepn to ahfan bo eceb
to tpipula fpiSe "j leje on.

.LXXV,

y\]} fcujipebum nsejle • mm jecypnabne friccan pete
on ]>one nsesl piS ]?a peapta pleah ]7onne f ^ blob
I'ppmje tit • pypc Jjonne ]?ymel to -j lege ealb fpic on
upan ]?one nsejl healb ppitij nihta pi]? psetan • Nim
]^onne hpseten copn 'j hunij menj toSomne leje on bo
]> to o]? f hal pie.

.LXXVI.

yip 5ic]?an boccau -j pypm melu "j pealt' ealpa empela
menj piS fupe pletan -j fmipe mib J?y. ])!]> jicj^an
mm fcipteapo 'j ipijteapo ~j ele jnib tojeebepe bo
Jipibban bsel fealtep^ fmipe mib ]?y.

^ol- 56 b. .LXXVII.

Zip ]7U pille ^ ypel fpile paSe utbepfte mm peax -j
hemlic hatte pypt jebeat jepypmeb toSomne pypc to
pealpe bmb on ])a fropa.

• LXXVIII.

vTip men unlui't fie jetenje • nime betomcan f pille
}?py penejap jepejan bptnc on fpettim psetepe.

[LXXVIIII.]

Xiy mon ppam lonjum peje jeteopob fie bpmce be-

' Sebon in the margin of MS., by later hand ; gebo on was meant.
- After fealce)- add on.

LEECH BOOK. I. 151

Avarts and the callosities. Again, mingle with vinegar ^^^qJ^ j
calfs sharn and ashes, and lay on. Again, burn to Ch. ixxiv
ashes withys rind, add vinegar, triturate thoroughly,
and lay on.

Ixxv.

For a scurfy nail ; ^ take a granulated bit of vv^ood,
set it on the nail against the warts, then strike, so that
the blood may spring out, then work a thumbstall for
it, and lay old lard above upon the nail, hold it for
thirty nights against wet, then take wheaten corn and
honey, mingle these together, lay on, apply that till
all be well.

Ixxvi.

For itch, take dock and worms reduced to meal, and
salt, of all equally much, mingle with sour cream, and
smear with that. Against itch, take ship tar, and ivy
tar, and oil, rub together, add a third part of salt,
smear with that.

Ixxvii.

If thou shouldst desire that an evil swelling should
rathely burst, take wax and a wort hight hemlock,
beat them together when warmed, work to a salve,
bind on the places.

Ixxviii.

If to a man loss of appetite happen, let him take
betony, so much as will weigh three silver pennies,
and drink it in sweetened water.

[Ixxix.]
If a man is tired by a long journey, let him drink

' Thus, " Ungumm scabritiem " ; Plin. xxx. 37.

152 L^CE BOC.

tonican on }''am liiSpenaii oxiimelle • jp' eceb bpenc

])e pe te]\ bepojum pjiiton pi]? J^repe liealp beaban
able.

.LXXX.

yip jwn }>e mon hme popbjiince. bjimce beronican
on pcGCjie teji oj?epue bjiincan. €pr pyl betonican -j
eo]l^ jeallan on hlurcpum eala'5 oj^j^e on fpilcjie pae~an
I'pa he bjiincan I'cyle bpmce fimle neji mete. GjTu
5en1"ni Ipmep lunjenne jebjiaeb -j on neaht nej-tij ^enun
pip Ihseba fnnle.

. LXXXI.

yip miclan celc mm netelan peo]? on ele I'mijie -j
;i;nib ealne ]7]nne lichoman mib fe cyle jepit apej.

. LXXXII.

Qip men I'le micel psgce jetenje popij jejnib on ele
imipe Jnnne ■ji^litan niib -j J^one lichoman ealne pun-
boplice pa]7e him bi]> fio pjiacce jeinetjob.

.LXXXIII.

1 o monnep I'cemne mm cejipillan -j pnbucejipillaii
bifceoppyjit ontjpan • jjiunbefpeljean I'ypc to bpence on
hlntrptim ealaS • xim j^peo fneeba butepan jemenje
],>i(S hj'seten mela -j jepylte jjije mib j-y bpence bo f'pa
mjon moji^enaf ma jip hip j^eapp fie.

' i^jienc is piasculine, j^ may have I most likely ; or even as early as
been written since ecei>, neuter, this, i> may begin lo stand for any
comes as the next word, and so seems I gender.

LKECll HOOK. ].

153

betony in the southern drink, oxyniel ; tlie acid driidc Book l.
of whicli we before wrote in treating of the half dead ^ ' '^''''^'
disease.^

Ixxx,

In case a man should overdrink himself; let him
drink betony in water before his other drink. Again,
boil betony and earthgall in clear ale, or in such
drink as he, tlte drunkard, may have to drink, let
him drink this always before meat. Again, take a
swines lung/"^ roast it, and at night fasting take five =■ riia.xxx..^i.
slices always.

Ixxxi.

Against mickle cold ; take nettles,'' seethe them in •> See Catullus,
oil, smear and rub all thine body therewith : the cold ^
will depart away.

Ixxxii.

If to a man there betide much wakefulness, rub
down a poppy in oil, smear thy foi'ehead therewith,
and all thy body, wonderfully soon the wakefulness
will be moderated for him.-

Ixxxiii.

For a mans voice ; take chervil, and wood chervil,
bishopwort, " ontre," groundsel, work these to a drink
in clear ale. Take three slices of butter, mingle with
wheaten meal, and salt it, swallow this with the above
drink ; do so for nine mornings, more if tliere be need
of it.

' No such disease had been men-
tioned in this book ; it is found, II.
lix, with the receipt for oxymel.

- The change of pronouns is an

error of the text.

154 L^CE BOC.

. LXXXIIII.

Zip mon \>un^ ete aj^eje butepan "j bjuiicc • i'e Jmnj
jepit on )?a butejian. Gfx: pi]? Ipon franbe on heapbe
aplea him mon pela fceappena on |7am pcancan Jjonne
jepit iir '^ attep j^upli }?a pceappan.

.LXXXV.

iTip mon punbije pi]? hif peonb to jepeohtanne frsej?
fpealpan bpibbaf jefeoj^e on pine ete }?onne sep • o]>]>e
pylle psetpe feoSe.

. LXXXVI.

yi]> miclum jonje opep lanb })y Isep he teopije
mucjpypt nime him on hanb o}7]?e ho on hip pco }?y
Isep he mejnje "j ]7onne he niman pille sep j-unnan
upjanje cpe]7e ]?af pojib sepefc. Tellam^ te aptemepia
ne lapfup fum ^ In uia • jefena hie ]?onne J7U up teo :•

. LXXXVII.

Zip mannep peax pealle pypc him pealpe mm ]7one
miclan J^unj -j hajian fppecel -j eapypte nio]?opea]ibe •
■j pepbpyjit . pypc op ]?8epe pypte -j op ]7ifum eallum
})a pealpe -j op ]78epe butepan J^e nan psetep on ne
come. Jip peax pealle apylle eopoppeapn -j be]?e f heapoh
mib ])y I'pa peapme. pi]? ]?on jip man calu fie • pliniup
fe micla Isece fej]? ]?ipne Isecebom • jentm beabe beon
jebsepne to ahfan -j linfasb eac bo ele to on f feo}?e
fpij?e lanje opep jlebtim afeoh }?onne -j appmje 'j nime
peliep leap jecnupije jeote on ]?one ele • pylle ept
hpile on jlebtim afeoh J?onne fmipe mib geptep ba]?e.

' Bead ToUam. I -' Read fim.

LEECn BOOK. J. 155

l^^V- Book I.

If a man eat wolfs bane, let him eat and drink but- ^^' ^^^^^"'''
ter, the poison will go off in the butter. Again for
that, let him stand upon his heid, let some one strike
him many scarifications on the shanks, then the venom
departs out through the incisions.

Ixxxv.

If a man try to fight with his foe, let him seethe
staith swallow nesthngs ' in wine, then let him eat
them ere the fight, or seethe them in spring water.

Ixxxvi.

For mickle travelling over land, lest he tire, let him
take mugwort''^ to him in hand, or put it into his shoe, Vol. I. xi. i.
lest he should weary, and when he will pluck it, be-
fore the upgoing of the sun, let him say fu-st these
words, " I will take thee, artemisia, lest I be weary on
the way," etc. Sign it with the sign of the cross,
when thou puUest it up.

Ixxxvii.

1. If a mans hair fall off, work him a salve, take
the mickle wolfs bane, and vipers bugloss, and the
netherward part of burdock, and ferdwort, work the
salve out of that wort, and out of all these, and out
of that butter on which no water hath come. If hair
fall off, boil the polypody fern, and foment the head Avith
that, so warm. In case that a man be bald, Plinius,
the mickle leech, saitli this leechdom : take dead bees,
bm-n them to ashes, and linseed also, add oil iipon that,
seethe very long over gledes, then strain, wring out,
and take leaves of willow, pound them, pour the juice
into the oil, boil again for a while on gledes, strain
them, smear therewith after the bath.

' Sand martins, hirundines riparia>.

i5G L.ECE BOC.

JOeayob 1)03]? pits ]70n • pelijej- lea]: pylle on psecejie
Jjpeah mib ])f tep ]7ii hit I'mejiupe -j ])a leap cnua I'pa
jefoben pjuj? on niht; on o]) f hio fie ' bjuje ^ ]m mseje
I'meppan septep mib ]7?epe fealpe bo Ipa .xxx. nilita
lenj jip hip ]?eapp lie. ^i]? ]?on J^e- hpep ne peaxe
fo!. 58 a. lemetoan rejpu jenini jnib fmit on ]\a frope ne cymS

]?a3p niBppe senij peax tip ;

Tip hseji to j^icce lie jentm Ipealpan jebsejm unbeji
cijelan co ahfan "j \?et: fceaban ]?a ahpan on.

.LXXXVIII.

Pi]) hojipep hpeople • mm ]?a^ liapanpyjit cnua pel
jemenj ]?onne pi8 pepfcjie butepan j^yl fpi8e on but-
]ian bo on •]> hoji]' fpa hit: hatofc masje fmipe selce
bseje bo fimle };a pealpe on • jip fio hjieopol fie micel
jentm hlonb jehast inib fcanum ]?peah mib ]?y hlonbe
fpa hatum -]5 hopf* ]?onne hit: bjnje fie fmipe mib
])iepe pealpe lacua nine, Gpt; jemm pynian fealtr-
l^eliset ])peah mib ];y • 'j Sonne bpije fie fmipe mib
pipcep fmejipe. Jip hopf jeallebe fie • mm fej^elpep&nj
jiypt: -j jotjjojmn • 'j majej^an jecnua j^el bo butejian
to pjnnj pagrenbe ]mph claS bo hpit fealt on hpeji
fjn])e lacna j'one jeallan mib. ]>iy hopj'ep jeallan ntm
a?pc]7potan ^j jotpoj^an npepeapbe -j bojen eac fpa cnua
tofomne yyl on pyple "j on butepan afeoh ]7uph claS
fmipe mib, :•

Tip hojip fie 6j:feoten o]>])e o].ep neat mm omppan
fol. 5Sb. 3'ieb "j fcittifc peax jej-mje mon .xii. mpeppan opep -j

bo halij ptetep on ]3 hopp o'SSe on fpa hpilc neat fpa
hit fie hapa Se J^a pyjite fimle mib.

Pih pon ilcan mm tobjiecenjie nseble eaje fcinje
hinban on ];one byjilan ne l)i]) nan teona. :•

' For fien.
- Read p4' hon ]/.
^ After ha a -word appears want-
in?.

* Read jiynian fealrej", as before,
xxxii. 2. ?

LKEflf HOOK. I. ]')7

2. A head bath for that ; boil willow leaves in water, Book T.
wash with that, ere thou sinear it, and pound tlie ^'''- l^xxvn.
leaves so sodden, bind on at night, till they be dry,

that thou may after smear with the salve ; do so for
thirty nights, longer if need for it be. In order that
the hair may not wax ; take emmets eggs, rub them
up, smudge on the place ; never will any hair come
up there.

3. If hair be too thick, take a swallow, burn it to
ashes under a tile, and have the ashes shed on.

Ixxxviii.

1. For a horses leprosy,^ take the hare-
wort, pound it well, then mingle with fresh butter,
boil thoroughly in butter, put it on the horse as hot
as possible, smear every day, always apply the salve.
If the leprosy be mickle, take piss, heat it with stones,
wash the horse with the piss so hot ; when it is dr}'',
smear with the salve, apply also leechdoms inwardl3^
Again, take runnings of salt, heat them, wash with
that, and when it is dry, smear with fishes grease. If
a horse be galled, take stichwort, and goutweed, and
maythe, pound well, add butter, wring it wetting it
through a cloth, add white salt, shake thoroughly,
leech the gall therewith. For a horses gall, take ash-
throat, and the upward part of goutweed, and rosemary
also, pound together, boil in fat and in butter, strain
through a cloth, smear therewith.

2. If a horse or other neat be elf shot,^ take sorrel
seed and Scottish wax, let a man sing twelve masses
over it, and put holy water on the horse, or on what-
soever neat it be, have the worts always with thee.

o. For the same ; take an eye of a broken needle,
give the horse a prick luith it behind in the barrel,
no harm shall come.

' Grease in the legs ?

- The Scottish phrase for this disease ; see the Glossary.

158 LMCE EOC.

Book 11.

.1. J9as laecebomap belimpaS to eallurn inuo]pa met-
cjiymnejjum. :•

.II. Lsecebomaf pi]? majan yajie ealjia • x. -j jip fe
maja a]?eneb fie -j hptet he j^icjean pcyle on jjsejie
able. :•

.III. Laeceboma]' be jefpelle *j j-ajie ]>2d\ majan hu
him mon fcyle blob Isetan. :•

.illi. Lsecebomap pi]? heajibum fpyle ]>8e]- majan "j
fmepenej'pa -j hpfet he Jncjean j'cyle. :•

.V. Lseeebomap pi]? majan a]?unbenepj'e -j hpset he on
Jjsejie able J'lcje. :■

.VI. Lfficebomal" pi)? unlulre -j plsetan ]?e op majan
cymS -j hpset he ]?iC5ean fcyle • nil. cpsepraf :•

.VII. Lgecebomaf pi^S abeabobum majan 'j jip he pop-
Ibjen fie -j tracn abeabobej' majan hu ]? ne jemylt ]?
he Jjije]? • VI. IsBcebomap. :■

fol. 59 a. .VIII. Lsecebomap pi]? j'ape 'j unlufce ]?aBp majan pe

}?e ne msej ne mib mece ne mib bpmcan beon jelacnob
•j bitepe hjisecetunje J?popa5 • nil. cpseptap.

.villi. Lsecebomaf pi]? mpimbe majan. :•

.X. Lsecebom piS plsettan 'j to hsetenne untpumne

majan ;

.XI. Lsecebom pi]> a]?unbene]'pe majan pmbijjie -j

ejjunje. :•

.XTI. Lfecebom pi]? fpip]?an -j pi]? ]?on Se hiin mete

unbeji jepunian nelle. :•

.XIII. Lsecebom pi]? majan fppmje. :•

.Xllli. Lsecebom pi"S ealliim majan untjmmneppum. :•
.XV. Lsecebom pi]? ]?8e]- majan fpjiinje ]?onne ]?ujih

luu)? bitejie h]i?ecS o]?}?('^ bealcet o]?]?e Mm on }?am

LEECH BOOK. U. 159

Book II.

Book n.

i. These leechdoms belong to all disorders of the Contents.
inwards.

ii. Leechdoms for sore of the maw, in all ten, and
if the maw be distended, and what the patient shall
eat in that disorder.

iii. Leechdoms for swelling and sore of the maw,
how one must let him, the patient, blood.

iv. Leechdoms for hard swelling of the maw, and
smearings, or unguent'^, and what the patients diet
shall be.

V. Leechdoms for puffing up of the maw, and what
the 'patient shall partake of in this disorder.

vi. Leechdoms for want of appetite and for nausea,
which Cometh of the maw, and what the patient shall
eat ; four crafts, or skilful recipes.

vii. Leechdoms for deadened maw, and if it have bad
lymph, and tokens of deadened maw, how that digests
not, which it eateth ; six leechdoms.

viii. Leechdoms for sore and want of appetite of the
maw, which may be cured neither with meat nor
drink, and suffereth bitter risings in the throat ; four
receipts.

ix. Leechdoms for an inward wound of the maw

X. A leechdom for nausea, and to heat an infirm
maw.

xi, A leechdom for windy inflation of the maw, and
for puffing up.

xii. A leechdom for spewing, and in case that a
'mans meat will not keep down.

xiii. A leechdom for flux of the maw.

xiv. A leechdom for all infirmities of the maw.

XV. A leechdom for imtation of the maw when there
is a bitter heart burn in the mouth, or there is belching.

IGO LMCE BOC.

majan ye mete abit-e]iai5 -j ]'yje])^ ^ Im fio ablafmnj;
|?a?j' inajaii cyin5 oj: ])am blacuin ODiuin.

.XVI. La^ceboma]' -j taen Jnej- batan omihtan majan
unjemer psej'ta "j ]?sey unjefceabbce cealban majan
taen hu ]'e hata omihta ma^a unjemet ]?ujilt -j fpol
l^jiopaS 'j nea)ionej'j'e *j jefpojunja "j jemobep tpeonunje
unluf- je pla3tta • -j bii iSone cealban majan unjebc-
bce metta]' lyfte • Ifecebomaf to bosm micle -j e]?ele •
fbl. 59 ]>. ^ ]jQ lattjie meltunje fumpia metta.

.XVII. L;ececpa?}:ta]" be bppe mipSenbce jecynbo -j
.•ibliim -j liu bio on ])Si fpiSpan iiban apeneb bi|> o]>
^ ]7one nufeo]?an • -j bu bio bi]> ptplieppebu • -j bii bio ip
blobep timl)ep 'j bup -j jjte pex ];m;i; pypceap lipeji-
pcBjice "j lacnunj J^ajia ealjia "j fpeotol tacn ]?a]ia ealjia
;^e be micjean ^e be unlufce • je be bip Inpe • -j
(/j^jiiim manejum tacnnm.

.XVIII. LfBcap laepaS ]?ipne kecebom pip* bpjie fpyk' ^j
ajninbeneppe. :•

.XVIIII. Lssceap fecjea]; ]?ap tacn be afpollenjie ^
jepunbabpe bppe • 'j Ifecebomaf pr5 ]?on • 'j be ]ja3jie
bpjie beajibunge.

.XX. Lsecap lfepa'5 jnj- pi]? )>Depe bppe punbe ]?onne
pe fpyle je pypmp tobyjift.

.XXI. LfBcebomap "j tacn abeapbobjie bppe • ^ ablaj'-
enju' on manijpealbe pifan je on ]>am Ineppum je on
pam upejuim je on ]?am pibneniira je on ])am liolcum
])m\\e bpjie.

.XXII. Lfecebomaj' yij) jTOjie jepelan" lieajibneppe ];repe
fol. coa. lipjie 'j ]-ealpa -j j^yptbjiencaf o]?]?e jip bio tobyjifu -j

nipeji J,e]nz oS'Se upaftihtS o];]'e to Lanjfiim ]>y]iS I'lo
iinjefele abeajibnn^ ];a^pe bpjie ;

' The text has j-use'S. j llie full text we cannot alter to

- As the same reading occurs in | unj;e|elfln.

LEFX'Tr ]]ooK. rr. 161

or if the meat turns bitter in the maw and lie hie- Uook II.
kets, and liow the upblowing of the maw Cometh of Contents.
black bile.

xvi. Leechdoms and tokens of the hot inflamed maw,
immeasurably fast, and not to he moved, and of the
unreasonably cold maw ; tokens how the hot inflamed
maw suffers infinite thirst, and swealing heat, and op-
pression, and swoonings, and vacillation of the mind,
loss of appetite or nausea ; and how variety of meats
pleases the cold maw ; leechdoms for both, mickle and
noble ; and of the late digestion of some meats.

xvii. Leech crafts of the various nature and disorders
of the liver, and how it is extended on the right side
as far as the pit of the belly, and how it is five lobed,
and how it is the material and home of blood ;
and that six things work acute pain in the liver, and
the cure of all these, and a plain token of them all,
either by the urine, or by loss of appetite, or by
tJie mans complexion, and l^y many other tokens.

xviii. Leeches teach this leechdom for swelling and
puffing up of the liver.

xix. Leeches speak of these tokens of a swollen and
wounded liver; and leechdoms for that; and of harden-
ing of the liver.

XX. Leeches teach this for wound of the liver, when
the swelling or matter bursteth forth.

xxi. Leechdoms and tokens of a hardened and })uffed
up liver in manifold wise, either in the lobes, or in
the margins, or in the membranes, or in the hollows,
of the liver.

xxii. Leechdoms for the sense of hardness of the
liver, and salves, and wort drinks, or if it burst and
descend downwards or mounteth up upwards,^ or if
the insensibility and hardness of the liver become too
prolonged.

' All the viscera were supposed to get out of place.
VOL. 11. L

102 L^CE BOC.

.XXIII. Lsecebomaf hyvet him fie to popjanne on

lipep able hpaet him fie co healbanne je on Isecebo-

\/ mum je on mete • -j tacn ]3 ]^e fpile J^pinan ne msej

ne utypnan on J^repe hppe. :•

.xxiiii. Lsecebomaf -j pyptbjiencaf pij? eallum hpeji
psepcum ealjia ]7peotyne "j pj: Lfep peaxe,

.xxv. Lsecap eac be eallum pambe coj^um 'j abltim
fpeocol tacn funbon -j Isecebomap 'j hu mon ]?a yj:elan
pa3tan j)fepe pambe lacnian fcyle -j ];onne abl to )?fepe
pambe pile pop j^sepe yjrelan omihtan psetan cneop
hatiaS^ lenbenu hepejiaS yapiaS Jmjia lenbena lipan •
tojeotep betpeox fculb]ium utjonj jemenjeb.

.XXVI. Lijecebomaf ^ip fio pamb punb biS hu f mon
onjitan ma^je -j jelacnian • v. cpseptaf. :•

.XXVII. La3ceboma]' be pambe mipSenlicpc jecynbo
o];J>e mijfbypbo hu p mon ma35e onjitan "j jelacman
-j be pambe hattpe jecynbo • -j be cealbjie -j psetpe
fol. GOb. jecynbo -j be hattjie "j bpijjie jecynbo -j f h?emeb ]>n\^

ne buje • J^yppum lichoman -j ne fcejjej; hatum ne
palatum • feopon cpa3ptap -j ^^te hsemeb j^mj fpiSoft
e^laS ]?am Se hopn able habbaS. :•

. XXVIII. Laecebomaf pi]? J?on j?e monnej- f upe]ipe hjup
fie ;5epylleb pi^ ypelpe paetan "j be ptnbijpe pambe.

.xxviiii. Lsecebomaf pi}? ]jon pe mete untela mylte
•j cijijie on pule -j yple pastan o]?]?e pcittan. :•

' Read healria'S ? but hacia'S is in i 2 JJe^^J cosetcep from the full
the full text. tost.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 163

xxiii. Leechdoms, telling what the sick man hath Book 11.
to forego in hver disorder, what he hath to hold by, Contents.
either in leechdoms or in meat, and tokens that the
swelling may not dwindle nor run off in the liver.

xxiv. Leechdoms and wort drinks for all liver pains,
thirteen in all, and if the liver wax.

XXV. Leeches also have found a plain token for all
wamb ' diseases and disorders, and leechdoms, and how
a man shall treat the evil humours of the wamb, and
when disease will be at the wamb, for the evil in-
flammatory humours ; the knees " are hot,'' the loins are
lieavy, the sinews of the loins are sore, there are
spasms between the shoulders, the discharge is of a
mixed nature.

xxvi. Leechdoms if the wamb be wounded, and how
a man may understand that, and lioiv cure it ; five
crafts or receii^ts.

xxvii. Leechdoms regarding the various nature and
misbehaviour of the wamb, how a man may under-
stand and how treat that, and of the hot nature of
the wamb: and of its cold and moist nature, and of
its hot and dry nature,^ and how the congressus
sexuum is not holesome for a dry body, and how it
scatheth not a hot nor a wet one : seven crafts : and
that swiving most severely hurteth them who have
the disease of foul humours.

xxviii. Leechdoms in case that the upper part of the
belly of a man be filled with evil humour, and of
the windy wamb.

xxix. Leechdoms in case that meat digest not well,
and turn to foul and evil humour or feeces.

' The maw is the organ of di-
gestion, the stomach ; the wamb
is the venter, -whatever that may
mean.

3 The " hot and cold, wet and
" dry " theory was an attempt of

the " rationalis disciplina " of the
Hellenes to arrive at scientific
generalizations ; it is traceable
among the works attributed to Hip-
pokrates and in Aristoteles.

l2

16-i L^.CE BOC.

.XXX. Lfecebomaf jij: ]m jnlle ]3 ]nn pamb fie
fimle jefimh -j be co'Se 'j fape be pambe co\Se -j mne-
}:ajuiu lajie -j to pambe jemetlictinje fyxtyne cptep-
taS. :•

.XXXI. Lseceboma]- "j taenuiij on J;am poppe -j fmcel
]>ea]\me 'j on utjoiije hu liie JjjiopiaiS opma^'cne }>upfc •
•j unlult . -j be hiopa hipe -j ]?am naj:olan -j jisejpeofan
-j bsec ];ea]iine -^ nipefeo}?an --j mike' pcape -j bu un-
Irecaj- penaS p •]' lie lenbenabl o]>]7e milu pasjic -j lipaep
pa pamb feocan ]\a able |?]io]nen ^ hu liim pie • -j liu
fol. Gia. hiopa mon tilian ycyle peopep ]npa." :•

.XXXII. Ltecebomap bvi mon I'pa jepabne man lacnian
pcule • je mib blobltepe "j pealpe -j ba6o "j lacnunj on
]' lipip to Senbanne • -j ];ap liBcebomap ma^on piS
leiibenece • -j jip mon fonbe mije • ]n|? nt; piiepce • piS
majan ablum -j c-lapunja "j pij:a beb-epneppum • -j be
]>a3pe coSe hu man lyfce utjan -j ne mjej • -j jip pe
ucjanj fie pinbi;j; 'j psetepij "j blobij . xii. pifan.

. XXXIII. Lseceboma]- pr6 j^asjie ppecnan co8e J>e fe
mon hip utjanj ]mph 'Sone muS liim ppam pypp^) "j
afpjipan jx-eal • ^ pib [nnobpunbum 'j fmpel ];ea]ima
fajie • -j ]n8 tobjiocenum mnoj^um "j ]n|j poptojenepj-e
mnan • ^ piS ]?riepe pambe ];e late my It -j j-e ]?a)ia lajce-
boma ne jimS ];onne becym"(5 hirn on paiteji bolla lipeji
psepc milte]' ]'a)i mic;^ean pojiha?pbnep pambe ablapun^
lenbenpa'jic fonb -j f-anaf on bla-bpan peaxaS j'jieotyne
cpa3ptap. :•

' Head milte ■]. j - I3ef'ore erasure, jnj-an.

LEECH LOOK. u. 165

XXX. Leeclidoms if tliou will that tby wamb Ix; al- pook II.
ways sound, and of disease and sore ; and of disease of ^^^■^^''•
the wamb and • sore of the intestines, and foi- the
moderation ' of the wamb ; sixteen receipts.

xxxi. Leechdoms and symptoms marking of the ro])e
gut and small gut, and of the ftocal discharge ; how
they suffer unbounded thirst and loss of appetite; and
of their complexion or hue, and of the navel, and the
dorsal muscles, and rectum, and pit of the belly, tvnd
milt, and share or puhes, and how bad leeches ween
that that is loin disease or milt wark, and where the
warnbsick suffer the disorder, and how it is with them,
and how a man shall treat them : four methods.

xxxii. Leechdoms how a man shall cure one so
afflicted, Avhether with bloodletting, and salve, and
baths, and Icoiv to send curatives into the belly.
And these leechdoms are efficacious against loin ache,
if a man mie sand, for dysentery, for diseases of the
maw, and gripings, and womens tendernesses, and of
the disease where a man would evacuate and is not
able (tenesmus), and if the discharge be windy, and
watery, and bloody. Twelve methods.

xxxiii. Leechdoms for the perilous disease in which
a man casteth from him and speweth, as they sa}^, his
excrement through the mouth ; and for wounds of the
inwards, and sore of the small guts, and for laceration
of the inwards, and for inward spasm ; and for the
wamb which digests late, and the man who is not
affected by the leechdoms ; there cometh on him
dropsy, pain in liver, sore of spleen, retention of urine,
inflation of belly, pain in loins, sand and stones wax
in the bladder. Thirteen receipts.

' The " temperies " and " commoderatio vcutri;-," that it be neither too
hot nor too cold.

166 L^CE BOC.

.XXXIIII. Lsecebomaj- "j be j;{x?]' manne]' mihtum fceal
fol. 61 b. mon ])a Iseceboinaf j'ellan |>e ponne jejroje lynb • je

heajzbe • je heoptan • "j pambe • *j blaebpan "j pojejnm.
-j hu jeajiep hit fie be lipeto -j cele -j ])i]; lattpe inel-
tunje • o'SSe jtp pamb pojipeaxen "j pojipunbob fie •
■j jip mon fie mnan pojiblapen • -j pi8 jniinbe ppmum '
■j jicjmm* nyjaii pipan. :■

.XXXV. Lsecebomap be cilba opeppyllo 'j.paiiibe "j pp
htm mete tela ne mylte -j htm fpat opja 'j ft nice
pule. :•

.XXXVI. Laecebomaf be milte psepce "j f he bi5 on
])a pinptpan~ fiban "j tacn Ssepe able hu hijeleafe hi
beoS "j hu lanj fe milte fie "j be 'psdy miltep pilmene
on ]?a pmfcpan healpe be hleahtpe ]7e op milte cyiiiS •
hu pe milte sejhpset ]?popaS Jjsep l^e oJ?ep limo je hat
je cealb • -j be bsecSe ^j hpemeb J^mje "j hpanan fio
hseto cume -j cele J^aep miltep eahta cpseptaf :•

.XXXVII. Laecebomaf hu mon fcyle ]7one monnan
Innan -j utan mib cealbum -j hatum Isecebomum lac-
fol, 62 a. man 'j hpilc mete him fie to J^icjenne -j hpiJc him fie

to pojijanne.

.XXXVIII. Laecebomaf hu mon pceal J?a psetan -j pon-
pceapta utan lacnian *j be ];am psetum yplum pajp
miltep 'j jnS plipunje ptetan J^sep miltep. :•

.xxxviiii. Lsecebom pij? pinbijpe a]mnbeneppe hsey
miltef fio cjm^ op ?epla sete -j hnuta • --j pyfena • "j
hunijej- iete "j ];one jiop -j mnepojian 'j pambe -j

' jtyjimum in the full text. | - jnntjjan, MS.

LEECH BOOK. TI. 167

xxxiv. Leechdoms; and the leeclidoms which are Book II.
suitable to the case sliall be administered accordino- to ^^^'^'^^'^^-
the mans powers, whether in head, or heart, and of
wamb, and bhidder, and lynipli; ^ and according as
the time of year may be, in regard to heat and cold;
and for late digestion, or if the wamb be overgrown
and wounded ; and if a man be blown out inwardly ;
and for prurience, and itchings of the wamb ; nine
methods.

XXXV. Leechdoms for the overfilling 07' surfeit of
children, and for their wamb, and if their meat digest
not well, and if sweat pass from them and stink
foully.

xxxvi. Leechdoms of pain in the milt, and that
the milt is on the left side, and tokens of the disease,
how reckless the sick are, and how long the milt
is, and of the film or membrane of the milt on the
left side, and of splenetic laughter, which cometh of the
milt, how the milt suffereth everything of that which
other limbs suffer either hot or cold; and of the bath,
and of sexual commerce, and whence the heat cometh
and the cold of the milt : eight receipts.

xxxvii. Leechdoms how a man shall tend the man
within and without with cold and hot leechdoms,
and what meat he is to take, and what he is to
forego.

xxxviii. Leechdoms how a man shall cure the hu-
mours and the livid complexion by external applica-
tions, and of the evil humours of the milt, and of the
lubricity of the humours of the milt.

xxxix. A leeehdom for a windy swollen state of the
milt, which cometh of eating of apples, and of nuts,
and of peas, and of honey, and which pufFeth up
throughout the rope gut, and the intestines, and the

Gastric juice.

]68 L^CE EOC.

ma^^uu ]ja ^(ionb blapab • -j pit) yo5e]7au "j feaban )?e oj:
milte cymS • 'j Im iio abl jejK'iit; on pa^rep bollan
eallep tyii cpjcftaj'. :•

.XL. Liecebomaf be ablapunje -j alieajibunje j^ael'
blobef ou pain milce. :

.XLI. Lsscebomaf pi]> ]>se]\e lieajibnej-pe -j I'ajie inilrc]-
■j liii mon nipej fpinej- blsebjian inib ecebe jepylbjie
jelmepcan j^a Iieajibnepj'e -j pi]? ealluni niablum ]>]iy
cjiiuptaS. : •

.XLii. Lsecebomaf jtp omihtjie blob 'j ypele ptetari
on ]7am milre pyn }?mbenbe ponne j^ceal him inun
blob Iseran on ]ni]- pipan pe ])eop Ireceboc ^ej]) • "j
be ]70ep blobep liipe. :•

.XLiii. Lsecebomap lipeer hnn on j^sejie able to |nc-
fol. G2 b. jeune fie hpset; to pojijanne.

.XLiiil. Laicebom eft pe pe p ypel uttih'S op ];ani
milte fpi8e a^J^ele * 'j pe eac beah pi]; majan ablapunje
•j Inno]ni Imej-ce]) Jja pambe ])ynna]:> j?a oman • bitejie
hjitecetunje apej be]; -j bjieoft co]>e • -j pib ptepc • 'j
lipeji able "j milte pcTpc • -j pambe pmb eal ])a liht. :

.XLV. La3ceboma]- 'j ipi&bjienc pijj aipollenum. :•

.XLVI. Lsecebomai" jnj; 5elip?e];eji]ie fiban pajie 'j tacn
punboplicu lipanan lio cume 'j hu fio abl topeapib lie •
•j liu mon papa tilian pcyle. :.

.XLYii. Lsecebomap pa Se ]?ynnun3e lisebben -j fuial-
iinje msejen • ];am lichoman pe pa ha^to mebmicle
oppe itjianje ppopien -j hu mon icyle fpinel" blsebpan
on bon. :.

.XLViii. Laecebomal' pelpan jip pap op'pe helpe ne
I'yn hu him mon eac blob pcyle l?etan. ;.

.XLViiii. Laecebomal" 'j peax pealpa -j pceappunja pip
liban pape "j lij?ajt he j^icjean ]"cyle. ;.

LEECH BOOK. II. 109

waiii]i or venter, and the maw or stomacJt, sobbing Book II.
and Avatery congestions which come from the milt,
and how the disease turneth into dropsy : in all ten
crafts.

xl. Leechdoms for inflation and for hardening of the
blood in the milt.

xli. Leechdoms for the hardness and sore of the milt,
and how a man may with a swines bladder lilied
with vinegar, make nesh the hardness ; and for all
its inward diseases ; three recipes.

xlii. Leechdoms in case inflammatory blood and ill
humours in the milt are enlarging it : then shall the
sick be let blood in these ways which this Leech book
saith ; and of the hue of the blood.

xliii. Leechdoms telling what during that disorder
is to be the diet, and what food is to be foregone.

xliv. A leechdom, again, a very noble one, which
di'aweth out the evil out of the milt ; and this leech-
dom is also efficacious for puffing up of the maw and
of the inwards ; it maketli nesh the wamb, it thinneth
the hot secretions, it doth away bitter throat risings,
and breast disease, and side pains, 'pleurisy, and liver
disease, and milt pains, and wamb wind ; all them it
lighteneth.

xlv. Leechdoms and a powerful potion for the swollen.

xlvi. Leechdoms for sore of either side, and wondrous
tokens whence the disease cometh, and how it is
imminent, and how it should be dealt with.

xlvii. Leechdoms which have the main or virtue of
thinning and smalling or small rnaJdng; for the bodies
which suffer a moderate or strong heat, and how a
swines bladder should be applied.

xlviii. Better leechdoms if these others are not for
a help, how, also, the patient shall be let blood.

xlix. Leechdoms, and wax salves, and scarifications
for sides sore, and a declaration what he, the sick,
shall take for diet.

170 L^CE BOG.

.L. Lsecebomaf ejrt ]n8 fiban ]-ape.

fol 63 a. . LI. Lsecebomaj- pi^ lun3;eTi able "j la]?licu tacn hpanan

fio abl cume -j liu mon lacnian fcyle • bpencaj' 'j yealjra

'j bjiipaf je piS lunje punbe -j jip lunjen bpeo]?e • -j

jip liinjen bpujije an "j tpentrij cpsefca. :•

.Lli. La3cebomaf -j fpij'ebpencap mannum to hiele -j
jtp man liine opeji ^emet bjiece to fpi]>anne -j eft
pece hjienc o]>]>e jip bjienc op men nelle eallef tpentij
bpencea. . :•

.Liii. Lrecebomaf 'j leolite bpencaf mannum to hpelo
■j tinfpmle bpenceap pi]> untpumum mnojmm eahta
cp septal'. :•

.Liiii. Lfecebomap ^ bpencaf prS mfcice -j jip ftice
butan inno];e fie. :•

.LV. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf pp mon mnan pojiliaepb
fie -j pi]) inco]>e "j p;ep co]:ie. :■

.LVI. LfBcebomaf jip mon fie on utpsepce *j tacn be
utpibte je on j^am upeppan hjiipe je on J>am m|;eppan
•j lipanan fio abl cume 'j liu mon hie pcyle lacnian -j
lippet mon Jncjean fcyle -j ept pi]? ]?on jip mon blobe
ane utyjme "j pi]) miclum pape -j ablauneppe ])SRp in-
fol. 63 b. no]7ep o]?])e j'Tp mon pop poppep untpumnej-pe utypne

oppe pp hpa blobpyne J^popije on J)am ni]?eppan bjelum
hip lichoman o]7])e jip hpam pie micje on blob jip hio
jehj'ypp]) • oS8e jip mon utjanj nsebbe *j ept ut-
ypnenbe lipip ptp -j hunb feopontij Iseceboma. :•

.LVii. LaBcebomap pi J; ]7eapmep utjanje -j jip men
bilyhte fie ymb ];one ];eapm 'j pi6 bla3C * Jjeapmef
utjanje nijon pij-an.

' Read baec.

LEECH BOOK. II. 171

1, Leeclidoms again for sides sore, that is, pleurisy. Book ii.

li. Leechdoms for lung disease and loathsome tokens CoNxi-NTfe.
oi' symptoms, whence the disease cometh and how one
shall cure it ; drinks, and salves, and brewits, bo it for
lung wound, or if a lung perish, or if a lung get dry ;
one and twenty crafts or recipes.

lii. Leechdoms and spew drinks for men for their
health : and if a man strain himself above measure to
spew, and again a weak drink, or if a chink or draught
of medicine will not pass away from a man. In all
twenty drinks.

liii. Leechdoms and light drinks for men for their
health, and unspewing drinks, or potions not emetic,
for infirm inwards ; eight crafts.

liv, Leechdoms and drinks for an inward stitch,
and if there be a stitch outside the inwards.

Iv. Leechdoms and drinks if a man be inwardly
bound up, and for inward disease, and sudden disease.

Ivi. Leechdoms if a man be afflicted with painful
evacuation, and tokens of dysentery, either in the
upper part of the belly or in the nether, and whence
the disease cometh, and how a man shall cure it, and
what a man shall take for diet; and again in case
that a man evacuate with blood only, and for mickle
sore and upblowing of the inwards, or if a man, from
infirmity of the rope gut or colon, have diarrhcea, or
if one suffer a bloodrunning in the nether parts of his
body, or if any ones mie or urine be of blood, or if
it turneth,' or if a man have no evacuation, and
again an outrunning brewit for diarrhcEa ; seventy-
five leechdoms.

Ivii. Leechdoms for outgoing of the gut, and if Prolapsus.
boils come on a man about the gut, and for outgoing
of the gut ; nine methods.

> Cloudy.

174 L^CE EOC.

lol. 64 b. iirpsejice • -j jij: mon blobe fpij'e • -j yip blobpyne • -j

jip lim fsepmja ace • "j pi]> blasce on -jplitan. :■

.LXiiii. LaBcebom j-e monian^ pi]? mnoj^ep poplisspb-
/ neppe -j jutomori'- pi-S milce ptepce "j frice *j fpican

]n]) utpilitan *] bpacontjan pi]? pule hojiaj- on men • -j
alpaii pi]? mitpymneppum • 'j jalbanep pi]? neappiim
bjieoicmn • -j balzaman fmipmj pi]? eallvim uncpuin-
lu'ppuni 'j petjiaoletim ro bjimcanne anpealb pij? innan
-ybejmeppe -j utan to fmejipanne • -j typiaca ij* 30b
bjienc jn]? mno]? tybepnepj'um • -j pe lipica fcan pi6
ealliim uncu]?um bpocum. ..

.LXV. La3ceb6m ^ip liojif pie opl'coten *j pi]? utpsejice-
■j jtp utrjanj popfeten j'le • "j pi]? lencten able • apt
pi]? utpsepce -j pi]? unlybbum -j pi]? ]?8epe jeolpan able
•j jip men fie pfeplice ypele "j to jeliealbanne lichoman
licelo -j pi]? 5ic]?an "j ailue -j pi]? lonb able -j jonjel-
pseppan bite • "j piS utpiliCe "j lieapob pealpa.

f^j g5 j^ .LXVI. be |?am Itane ]?e jajatej- liacte,

.LXVii. Be pa^je ele]- -j o]?e]ipa mipSenlicjia ])in3a.

Alexander P^Y ^^^'^ ''^'^^^ abliep majan • sepeft jelome fpsetunja

Trailianus, lib. oSge hpsGCunja • cipnef -j ]-e man hme jelome to fpi-

R. Stephaui, panne • "j he onpmbe]? fpile "j ]? ]?a oman beoS mne

^■^48. betynbe ]>up]i ]?a ablapun^e • "j him biS unej?e ]?upfc

jetenje. 6ac op })5Bp majan able cumaS momje -j

mipSenlica abla jebopfcena punba "j lipamma h pylle

pu'pc "j pienba abl • -j luicla mupnun^a 'j unjiotnepj'a

butan J?eappe "j oman -j nnjemetlica mete j-ocna -j

unjemetlice unluftaf "j cipneppa • "j fapa mable on pipep

' Kead j-camoinan, Avliich is mentioned elsewhere iu this book II. iii. 3.,
and is a strong purgative.
-' Kead jut amnion.

LEECH BOOK. IT. 175

blood, and for blood running ; and if a limb suddenly Book II.
ache, and for a blotch on the face.

Ixiv. A leechdom ; scamony for constipation of
the inwards, and ammoniac drops for pain in the
milt, and stitch, and spices ^ for diarrhoea, and gum
dragon for foul disordered secretions on a man, and
aloes for infirmities, and galbanum for oppression in
the chest and balsam dressing for all infirmities, and
petroleum to drink simple for inward tenderness, and
to smear outwardly, and a tryacle, that is a good
drink, for inwards tendernesses, and the white stone,
lapis Alabastrites, for all strange griefs.

Ixv. A leechdom if a horse be elf shot, and for pain
in evacuation of the fseces, and if the evacuation bo
stopped, and for the " lent disease,'' or typhus ; again
for pain in evacuation, and for poisons, and for the
yellow disease or jaundice, and if sudden evils come
on a man ; and to preserve the bodys health, and
against itch and elf, and for " land disease " or nos-
talgia, and for bite of the gangway weaver, spider, and
for diarrhoea and head salves.

Ixvi, Of the stone which agate hight.

Ixvii. Of the weight of oil, and of other various
things.

These are tokens of diseased maw ; first, frequent
spittings or breakings, choiceness or a daintiness about
food, and for the man to spew frequently ; and he will
have a sense of swelling, and that the hot inflamed
humours are shut up within him by the inflation ; and
an uneasy thirst is contingent upon him. Also from
disease of the maw come many and various diseases of
bursten wounds, and cramps, and epilepsy, and fiends
disease, and mickle murmuriuii'S and uneasiness without

Cinnamon is much administered.

17G

L.ECE EOC.

jecynbon "j on ):ot:nm -j lila^hjinn • *j on unmobe • *j
on iinjemet: pteccun^' 'j iin^jepitlico pojib • ye maja bi]?
neali \\V]\e lieoptan -j |)3S]ie jelobji -^ "j jeabojitenje )>am
bjiffi5[en]e • oy [am cumat) ]?a abla fjn];olu Of ];a3p majan
incmjan "j on^ yplum ]'eapum pretan attepbepenbum •
jjonne 5a pa^tan^ ])a ypelan peo]i]7a]7 jejabepobe on
]?one inajan • 'j J'ffiji jiixiaS nnb pceajipunja ninan •

fol. 65 b. fpijjofr on ]?am monnum ]>e habbaS fpijje jepelne "j

fajicjienne majan fpa ]3 Lie fume fomnunja fpelra]? •
ne rnajon abejxan ]ja Icjianjan pceajipmja ]?0epa
jEtejma psetena • hpilum pypmaf op ]?am mjjeppan ^
brelvim 5e]'ecaS ];a npejijian btelap to }mm majan • "j eac
lieoptcoj^e ])ypceao • -j anjnej'j-a -j 5efpo])un5a ipa 'pte
hpilum fume men ppam j^ajia pyjima plitunje fpelraS
"j poppeop|?a8 • poji ]>on j^sem mannurn beah ■]) him mon
on pjiuman ]?a mettap jipe ]?e celunje -j fujianjunje
ma'jen ha^bben fpa fjni" beo]? feppla naiej- to fpete
eallep ac ]-upmelfce -j pejuiii -j pepfucaj- -j hlap jebon
on cealb ])a;te]i o]?|?e on luit be ]?se]ie jelicunje ])?ep
majan pe ]:>a ^^pelan jnietan fceoppenban 'j fceappan
haspS. pip beali eac on pjiuman ]?am Se |;a heojiCcoSe
■j f jefceopp c3popia5 relcpa jejiifc ]3 him mon lytlum
ba mettap j'elle Jja ]>e late melten • leax'' 'j Jja pixap
J>a Se late meltan joj'e mneple^ -j fpmef pet J)a '5e
nifBjen pi]? habban" ]?am yjrelan psetan • -j J?onne him
pel fie ]7onne ]?icje he fpetjian mettaf • ne \n]> hmi

fol. 66 a. nanpuht pelpe J^onne lie ]?a j^icje ]ja ];e late melten '" -j

' The construction is faulty ; it
should be ~j unmoh t unsemerptecce.

^ Iveacl j;elob)ie ? See Lye in
Seloba. Also b))cet;e, LIS

•■* Read o)-.

•» At this point our author skips
over seven folio pages and goes on
at lib. vii. cap. id, p. 114, ed. 1548.

■' The interpreter omits ol t?/s poas
KoicKot, the seeds of the pomegranate,
and ^oSd/ciw, nectarines, and »? avff-
Ti)phv Kcu t]ivxp^v txouira ffTa(pvK-r],
(/rapes of a <lr?/ and cold Jlavoxir .

''" Read nij^ejipan.

" The interpreter takes iVi/cot for
salmon, csoces, as was and is usual ;
and he neatly escapes Pov\$a,
aripviov, affraicoi, craij Jislt, KTivia,
scallops, KTipvicta, conch shellfish.

" Jicad mnclje.

" Read habban ]n\<.

'" Our interpreter here varies from
the printed text, which recommends
frequent snacks of food ; very
wisely.

i.i:i':('ii BOOK. II. 177

occasion, and eiysipelaton.--. ca-uptions, and immoderatu Uook ir.
desires for meat, and innneuse want of appetite, and * '■
daintinesses, and sore internal diseases in foemina^ natu-
ralibus, that is, tlie uterus, and in the feet, and in the
bhidder, and despondency, and immoderately long wak-
ings, and witless words. The maAv is near the heart and
the spine, and in communication with the brain, from
which the diseases come most violently, from the cir-
cumstances of the maw, and from evil juices, humours
venombearino-. Then the evil humours cct gathered
into the maw, and there they rule with excoriations
within ; esj^ecially in the men v/ho have a very
sensitive and soon sore maw, so that some of them
suddenly die ; they are not able to beai- the strong
excoriatino- effects of the venomous humoiu"s. At Avhiles
worms from the nether parts seek the upper parts, uj)
as far as the maw ; and they also work heart disease,'
and oppressive sensations, and swoonings ; so that some-
times some men by the gnawing of the v/orms die and
go to the dogs. Wherefore it is well for those men, that
at the first the meats lie given them which have the
virtue of cooling and strengthening, such as be apples,
by no means too sweet, but by all means sourish, and
pears, and peaches, and loaf bread put into cold water or
into hot, according to the liking of the man which hath
the evil humours scarifying and sharp. This also is of
importance in the first place to them who suffer the
heart disease" and the abrasion ; it is fitting that one
should give them by little at a time the meats which
tardily digest, as lax or saltnoii, and the fishes which
slowly digest, goose giblets, and s wines feet, and such Contradicts
as have a virtue against the evil humours ; and when
he ^ is better, then let him partake of sweeter meats.

' Tlie Saxon version misses tlic ;nU]i;)i- had liinisclf many times

meaning of icapoiaKus SiafleVeis. said.

- KcpoiaXyiaf, d/seafte of tin' ■'• The previous cdauses were plural

diyeslive onjun, as the Hellenic unless "tipopia'S stand for tiiiopa"?!.
VOX,. If. M

178 L^OE TiOO.

fpa j^eali ne lynb icitole • j^icje to unbepne]' hiaj: ^e-
bjiocenne on hat pseteji' o]>]>e seppla bejimbebe.^ 6ac
bi]? 30b jzulcum on jobum pyjitbjiencum fpa Isecap
pypcaS • op ecebe 'j op pmolep pypttpuman -j op jimbe •
•j op alpan -j op bopan hunije -^ jemenj f -j pele Jjsep
cuclep pulne o]jJ>e tpejen ]?onne hnepcaS f J>a pambe -j
Cpyme]? • "j f beah yip bpeoft psejice -j pi]? lieoptco]?e 'j
piS pellepsepice • -j pi^ ]?on ]je mon fie 'on ]?am majan
omi^pe psetan jepylleb • -j pi8 manejum ablum f beah •
^a ]?e cumaS op opeppyllo • -j op mifj'enhcum yplum
Alex. Trail, psetum. jip hie cumen op opeppyllo mib fpipe ]?an*
cap. iy., ed. j^y ^^^ y^^^i lythan. jip hie ]7onne cumaS op o)?pum
bifcepum -j ypelum psetum ]?a J^e pypiceaS oman ]?onne
beo]7 J?a elcpan to fciUanne o]?^ J^e hie unftpanjpan
peop)?an • fpi]?oft ;<;ip )?a psetan beoS ]ncce -j plipejpan.

be pambe coj^e o]>]>e jtp op \>se]\e pambe anpe j;a
ypelan psetan cumen -y ne opepypnen ealne j7one licho-
man f mon pceall mib halpenbum mettum anum lac-
fol. 66 b. man -^ jip ]?onne fio ypele psete op J^sepe pambe opep-

ypne]? ealne ]?one lichoman ]?8ep mon pceal mib mapan
lacnunje tilian • hpilum Mm mon pceal op febpan blob
Isetan jip J^sep blobep to pela jnnce -j jjsepe yplan psetan
•j eac pyptbpenc pellan. Ac sepeft mon pceal blob
Isetan septeji |;on pyptbpenc pellan.

.11.

Pi]? papum -j a])unbenum majan jenim ele -j jebo
hpit cpiiba 'j bile -j fu])epne pepmob on ]?one ele

' iidaip Tpvxp6i'. Al. Trail. 1 ' fj.4\iros arriKov, A. T.

-' ^ firiXou 7^ KiTpov cKrhi- tuv AeVoi/y i ' Not very litei'ally.
uvTov, A. T. I " Alex. Trail, has more words.

LEECH HOOK. If. 179

Naught is better for Lini than that he take those ^^°^ ^}-
which digest late, and are notwithstanding not purga-
tive ; let him eat at undern, or nine o^cloek, loaf bread
broken into hot water, or apples peeled. There is also
good support in good wort drinks, as leeches work
them, of vinegar, and of fennels roots, and of its rind,
and of aloes, and of dumbledores^ honey; mix that up
and administer a spoonful of it or two, then that
maketh the wamb nesh and firm ; and it is efiicacious
against breast wark, and heart disease, and epilepsy, and
in case that a man be filled with inflainmatory hu-
mour in the maw, and that is valid against many dis-
orders which come of surfeit and of various evil
humours. If they are come of surfeit with spewing, by
that remedy shall they be lessened. If however they
come of other bitter and evil humours, which work
inflammations, then are the latter to be stilled till that
they become less strong ; chiefly if the humours be
thick and rather slippery.^

2. Of wamb disease, or if the evil humours come
from the wamb alone and do not overrun the whole
body, that case shall be treated with healing meats
alone. If moreover the evil humour from the wamb
overrunneth the whole body, this shall be dealt with
by means of the stronger remedies : at whiles one shall
let him blood from a vein, if there seems to be too
much of the blood and of the evil humour, and also
give a wort drink ; but he shall first be let blood
and after that have the wort drink given him.

11.

1. For a sore and swollen maw ; take oil, and put
mastic, and dill, and southern wormwood into the oil,

' Attic. 1 - y\i(TXP'>i-

M 2

1 so {..Y.OK V.CiC.

\iv.~ I'raubaii pjuM nihc -j ;^ebo \> ]k\ I'Vjita yyn j^t-
j'obene ou ];aiii fk' • Jt^bo L)onu(^ uii hnt- j'ce puUe
i'mijie l^one maT;au inib. Bpt jnj> )>on iloaii ^emui
ealbne pyyle i;eL;]npila on 'cjieopeniiiii mopce]ie ineui;
yrh sejel' \) lipite bo on clab leje on. pij' pajVuin
inaran eyx: ^ebo on peajunne elf ]>a j'Vpt; • ]^e hactc
}:eno5)iecum -j lanpep cjioppaii j bile fmipc ]>one
majan mib |;y.

fol. C7 a. ]hp pajium niajan pe^bjirebau peap -^j cceb bo on

cla'6 lege on. 6pt; jip pe maja ajpunben f"ie o]>\e a]?eneb •
[^emni ]?££]• pelefcan ])inef 'j jpenel' elep Ipilc healp feo]'
pejimobep cpoppan bo on Imepce pulle fmipe mib. Sellt
him ])onne plaepc e~an lyceljia puhta I'mjieljia pnjla ^epo-
benjia -j ^ebpsebjia -j manijpealb a?ppelcyn pepan fppenm-
i^ap' pi San op];a3nba -j jefobena on ecebe 'j on jjjierpe 'j on
pme ])el fceappum. ]?i]? j-apnm majan • pofan leapa .v.
o]^];e .vii. oS'Se nijon -j pipopef copna empela jei^nib
fmale "j on liatjuin ptccepe pele bjimcan. Bpr pi]> ]on
ilcan 3;enrni oj: puihnyrc .xx. ;<;(*cl<ciiibbpa cyjincla "j
cymene]* fpa nuccl fpa jni niajje nub j^jum pinjjinni
po]iepeapbuni 7;eninian jecjiipula jionnc bollan pulne
pyl on moprejie jebo cealbef pserepep to .II. jobi^
bollan pnlle pele Sonne (lejiefc ]> liealp to bjimcanne.
Gy.~ ip onlejen' ro trpymmanne ]?one niajan "j to

fol. G7 b. Inubanue jeptep utj-ihtan o])])e i^pteji pyp'cbpence je-

ha'jmebne hlap chenne ieo]? on ealbum j'nie ^ip ];u
htebbe • jip Int lie furaop co pejiniobei' febef bupt to
feoj; a't^a?bepe bo on claS opejdmit mib ele leje on
})one majan • ;i;ip hit fie pmteji ne ];eappt |;u ];oiie
pepmob to bon.

.III.

I^e i;efpel]e -j j-ajie ])8P)- mai;an« ^}y iV man p miejen
hffibbe Iff't liim ))lob toptep j^oii mib py ele fmijie |>e

'Rir'iOfua.

LEKCll HOOK. II. 181

let it .stand three uigiit;s, .-ind aiTange tliat tlie worts Bonk 11.
be sodden in the oil, then })nt tluU vi\nn\ nesh wool, ^' "'

^niear the rnnvv therewith. Again, for that ilk ; take
old lard, triturate it in a treen mortal', juingle there-
with the white of an egg, })iit on a cloth and lay on.
For a sore maw, agaiii ; put the wort into warm oil.
which hight fenugreek, and hunches of laurel HoM'er.s,
and dill ; sniear the maw with that.

'1. For a sore maw ; put on a cloth juice of way-
broad and vinegar ; lay on. Again, if the maw be
swollen or distended ; take some of the best wine, and
of green oil half so much, seethe the heads of worm-
wood tJoerein, put this on nesh wool, smear therewith.
Then give him the flesh to eat of little creatures, as
of small fowls, sodden and roasted, and manifold kinds of
apples, pears, medlars, peas moistened and sodden in
vinegar and in water, and in pretty sharp wine. For a
sore maw ; leaves of rose, five, or seven, or nine, and of
pepper corns as many, rub them small, and administer
in hot water to be drunk. Again, for that ilk ; take
twenty cleansed kernels of the nuts of the stone pine,
and of cummin so much as thou mayest take u]» with
the tips of three fingers, then triturate a bov/1 full, ]"»oil
in a mortar, add of cold water two good bowls fidl,
then give the half ihercof in the first instance to be
drunk.

■j. Again, here is an onlay ■' or apijlicailou to com- = ini(>^fj.s..
fort the maw, and to bind it after the diarrhcna, or
after a wort drink ; seethe clean toasted bread in old
wine, if thou have it ; if it b(^ summer, add dust of
the seed of wormwood, seethe together, put on a cloth,
smudge over with oil, lay on the maw ; if it be winter,
thou needst not apply the wormwood.

Of swelling and soiv of tlie maw; if the man have
Lhe strength lo hrar if, let liim blood; after that.

182 ].MCE BOC.

];a pyyi'ca lyn on jeyobene |?e pe eeji nembon • jeptep
|70n mib hate hunije fmijie -j opejipceabe ])oime mib
hpirey cpibuep -j alpan bufce ^ pipopep hyse'c hpeja •
opeplecje • ]7onne inib Imene claSe oS6e mib eopo-
cijpe puUe -j pele pejimob on peapmum psetepe tpam
mhtum sep opjotenne f ye }pam omtim fcille • *j pele
J70nne gepipopobne pyprbpenc* "j Sonne pceal mon J>am
men mib bpium hanbum on mopjenne -j on aepenne
fol. 6 J a. ]7a hanba *j ]?a pet jniban fpi'Se *j ])yn • -j 51F hit fie

50b pebep he Wm on imbepne jife • janje him ut
hpibep hpeja fume hpile • ^ip hit ne fie pebep janje
htm m jeonb hip huf.

.1111.

Pi]? heapbum fpile ]?tep majan j-ele ]>u liim pealte
metta]' -j hapan plsej^c "j eopopef • puban pypttpuman •
■j ceppan • 'j pcip pm • *j eaSmelte mettaj' -j onlejena
utceonbe ]?one heajiban fpile • -j b?eS |7enba fmeppunja
pypce op ele -j op pepmobe • -j op hpitum cpibue -j pme •
hepe "Sonne fmijie mib ];y • opleje ]7onne mib eopecijpe
pulle -j befpe]?e • jenim eac milfce jeppla jebo neah-
tepne on pm -j Jjonne jefeoS • jefpete ]?onne f pop
mib hunijef teape -j jepipepa mib .XX. copna pele
him )>oTiTie on mopjenne lytelne bollan pulhie oSSe
cuclep pulne ]?up jepophtep bpmcan.

.V.

Lsecebom pi]? J^sep majan a]?unbenne]'pe • ]?8ep mannep
pet -j hanba man )-cea] fpi];e on mopjentibum J^^n •
•j hme mon pceal fpiSe hlubc hacan jpteban oSSe

LEECH BOOK. II. 18.3

smear with the oil ou which the worts, which we ere Book ir.
named, have been sodden ; after that smear with hot ^^' "'•
honey, and sprinkle over with dust of mastic and aloes,
and somewhat of pepper; then overlay this with a
linen cloth or with ewes wool, and give him worm-
wood in warm water, ponred off the worimvood two
nights (days) previously, that it may still the inflam-
mation,' and then administer a peppered wort drink ;
and then one shall at morning and evening rub
smartly and squeeze the mans hands and feet with dry
hands, and if it be good weather let him at undem,
that is at nine in the morning, by Gods grace, go out
somewhither for a while ; if it be not fair weather,
let him walk about within liis house.

IV.

For a hard swelling of the maw ; give the sick salt
meats, and hares and boars flesh, roots of rue, and
cresses, and sheer {clear) wine, and easily digested
meats, and applications drawing out the hard swelling,
and baths ; work moist smearings, that is, lotions, of oil
and wormwood, and of mastic and wine ; bathe him,
then smear with that, then overlay with ewes wool,
and swathe up ; take also mild apples, put them for
the space of a night into wine and then seethe them ;
then sweeten the wash or infusion with virgin honey,
and pepper it with twenty peppercorns ; then give him
in the morning a little bowl full or a spoon full of
the thus wrought 'potion to drink.

A leechdom for swelling of the maw ; one shall in
the morning hours squeeze hard the mans feet and
hands, and one shall bid him cry or sing very loud,

' fK^jfiovr], I suppose.

184 LMCE BOC.

I'lnjau -J liuie mou j-cel uealitrnej-cijue ' cylicaii 'j jjie-
niiau to fpipanue • 'j on iiiojijen iinijicpjin mib elf on
)?aiii Se fie jeyoben jiube 'j j^epmob 'j ]ni ieji jeiiem-
neban metray ]nc^e.

.VI.

' y\]) uiiliifce -j j'lcBttan ]?e op majan cymS -j be liip
mere • ]-ele liini neahtnelbijum pepmob oS5e ]?]ieo-
bpeab" jeboii on pceajip ptii pele neahrnepcijum • 'j
tepCeji ]7on pealre mectaf niib ecebe jel'pere • ^ ^ejienobne
I'enep -j jisebic jjicjen "j ealle |)a merral" je bjuncan
]>a ]7e habban hat; ma^jen -j Iceapp ]'ele picjean • 'j
jebeoph f hie unjemelrneppe ne J^popian • 'j job ptn
gehser -j hlutto^ Jncjen on neaht nejTij • 'j neaht.
neptije lapien on hunij • "j j-ecen him bjioc on onjiabe •
■J on p^ene ob"6e on ])on j^e hie a ]:>]iopian masjen.
6pt; pij? mete)- imlufue • jenim luj^epne cymen op]7teiie
mib ecebe abpij^e 'Sonne • -j jejnib on mojitejie • 'j
pnolef pfebep • -j bilep pjieo cucleji msel jejnib eall
tojiebepe jeece pipojiej" j^jieo cucleji m.'el -j jiuban
leapa .Vii. cucleji mrel 'j ]>a?p leleptan hunije]- afipenej-
an pimb • jetjiipuhi eal to^^tebejie • yce J^onne nub
ecebe I'pa j^e ])ince ]> hit lie on J)a onhcnejye jepopht
])e lenop biS ;i;ecemp]iob to mpil'an • ^ebo ]?onne on
;5laip ptet • -j j^oiine mib hlape oSSe mib i'pa hpilcum
mete fpa ]m pille lapa on ^ nytta je );eah ]m inib
cuclepe ]> lupe ];8et hylp]; • jnj'e]- |ni nytta je on
lupenne • je on iinbepne • nip ]j pi]? ];am nnlufte anuni
job J;a?j- inajan • ac eallum J?am hchoman p beah.

Pij? metep unlufce bpeopje bpopthm on psetjie oy-
J^aeube • jejnib mib ecebe pele bpmcan piIS plajtcan. ])i]y

' iieahcejTisne, MS. lianus, lib. vii., cap. 7, pp. 108, 10'.»

>,,,/.. I'd. l-^>48.

- Avopefitt. In tlic iir: t .icntciic'c .. , . ^ .. , . ,, ,

"^ ' .> bcabjicab . Tr^yrroAiy is one of the

, are some traces ol' Akxandcr 'I'ral- in;jr<.vlic'nts in A. I.

LEECH ]]OOK. II. ],S.J

and one shall exhort him aJ'ter lii.s iiij^-his fast, and put- I'.nok II.
voke him to spew ; and in the morning smear him ^''^' ^''
with oil on which has been sodden rue and worm-
wood, and let him diet on the before named meats.

vi.

Against waiit of appetite and nausea which cometh
from tlie maw, and from the mans meat ; give him after
his nights fast wormwood or beebread, put into sharp
wine ; give it him at night fasting, and after that salt
meats with sweetened vinegar, and prepared mustard,
and radish to eat, and make him eat all the meats
and drinks whicli have a hot and sharp quality; and
beware that " they " suffer not indigestion, and let
them take at night fasting good wine heated and clear ;
and let tliem after the nights fast lap up honey ; and let
them seek for themselves fatigue in riding on horse-
back, or in a wain, or such conveyance as they may
ever endure. Again, for want of appetite for meat;
take southern or Italian cummin, moisten it with
vinegar, then dry it and rub it to pieces in a mortar,
and of fennel seed, and of dill, three spoon measures,
rub all together, add of pepper three spoon measures,
and of leaves of rue seven spoon measures, and of the
best strained honey one pint ; triturate all together ;
eke it out then with vinegar as may seem fit to
thee, so that it may be wrought into the form in
which mustard is tempered for tiavovuing ; put it then
into a glass vessel, and then with bread or with what-
ever meat thou choose, lap it up, and make use of it ;
even though thou shouldst sup it up with a spoon, tliat
will help. This use thou either at even or at nine
o'clock. The 'remedy is not good for want of appetite
of the maw only, but il is valid for all the body.

For want of appetite for meat ; rub up Avith vinegar
pennyroyal moistened in water, give it to be drunk
against nausea. For wa.nt of a]i[>etite a/rain : give to

186 LyECE BOO.

unlufre ej-'t mtntan -j pipojiej* ni^an cojui jejniben on
pme j'ele bjimcan.

.VIL

'Arofict, want y\y fceal pi8 abeabobum majan • jemm himijej' ^

fe?,s,'o^' A\^^' ^ceb tojsebepe jemenjeb "j ^ebeatenne pipoji j-ele on

Trail, lib. vii., mopjenne cuclep pulne nealitnej-tijum nyctije fceap-

ihi^ 15, ed. ' pepa bpmcena • -j metta* -j i.Q'z baj^e mib fmope jnibe "j

1548. fmeppe. Sele hmi eac neahcnepcijum })ip • jenim eceb

fol. 69 b. j,ij, jlgebenan jemen^eb hpsethpeja -j lanjep pipopej- .x.

copn o\\e cpoppan -j fenep menje eall to^sebepe • -j

■4 t;pipoli5e pele nihtnefcijum an cucleji msel • jepenc Sn

]?onne hp?e]?pe j?te ealle |'a sep jenemneban Igeceboma]-

■j ]7a 86fCe]\ ppicenan ne fculon on ane J'paje to lanje

beon CO gebone ac fculon psec habban berpeonum "j

jiefre • hpilum cpejen bajaf hpilum ]?py • -j ]?onne him

mon blob Isete on ?ebpe on pam bajum ne bo bim mon

nanne oj^epne leecebom Co • nym]?e ymb .v. nihc o]7]?e

ma. pi]? popfojenum majan oJ^J^e a]7unbenum • jenmi

lipyj^epen plsepc jepoben on ecebe -j mib ele jepenob

^ raib pealce • "j bile • -j pop J'lcje ^ feopon mliC ];onne

lihc ^ J>one jefpenceban majan • bip fynb Caen abea-

bobep majan ^ be \i-^ ne jemylc ^ • ac pe jejjijeba

meCe bepeja]; ]>one majan "j lie ]jone pammelcan f>uph

8a pambe uCpenC.

.VIII.

Pi}? j-ape -j unlufce ]?8ep majan fe \e ne mse^ ne

mib meCe ne mib bpincan beon jelacnob -j biCepe

hpgececunje • Ntm cenCaujuan ]> ij- pelceppe fume •

fol. 70 a. haCaS hypbe pypc • fume eo]i8 jeallan jesnib an punb

LEECH BOOK. 11. I S7

drink mint unci niue corns of pepper rubbed tutudt in Jiook li.
wine. ^^- ^'•

^di.

This shall apply for a deadened maw;^ take some
honey and vinegar mingled together, and pepper beaten
up, give in the morning a spoon full of it to the man
after his nights fast, let him employ sharp drinks and
meats; and at the bath let him rub and smear him-
self with mustard. Give him also, after his nights fast,
this : take vinegar mingled with somewhat of gladden,
and of long pepper ten corns or clusters, and mustard ;
mingle all together, and triturate; give him after a
nights fasting, one spoon measure. Then consider thou,
notwithstanding, that all the aforenamed leechdoms and
the after written ones, shall not be to be done at one
too long season, but must have space and rest between
them, whilom two days, whilom three ; and when one
lets him blood on a vein, on those days let none other
leechdom be done to him, except about five days later
or more. For a stomach troubled with hicket or puffed
up, take beeves flesh sodden in vinegar and with oil,
prepared with salt, and dill, and porrum, let the sick
diet on that for seven days, then that relieves the
labouring maw. These are tokens of a deadened
maw ; what he taketh, that melteth or digests not,
but the meat swallowed oppresseth the maw, and it
sendeth out the half digested food through the wamb.

viii.

For soreness and loss of appetite in that maw,
which may not be cured neither with meat nor with
di'ink, and for the bittei' breaking or retching ; take
centaury,^ that is fel terrse, some call it herdsmans

Now called a torpid liver. | - Eri/thraa cantaureum.

1.88

L^CE BOL'.

•;] jebo j'tejion luicej- piecejiel' .IIII. boUan ):ulle yele
htm neaht iiej^ci^uiu hjimcau ]>]\y bajaf.

Syt jcmm ]>a jieabe netlan ujrepeajibe litebbenbe
j'teb aj'peah citene 'j pyjitie Co liipanne. 6j:t: jpenef
mepcej** jecpipiilabej" ]"eap "j ai^jiunjenep ]ele bjimcan-
•j on ]ja ilcan pijan pele liiiu bpmcan huiian j-eap.
BfC pi(S inajan pajie piiban -j nuncaii • bile • bpeojije
bpolclan • ajpiinoniaii lunie liacaS jajicbpe • -j ceplari
jecniia ealle on pine o]>]^e on ealaS pele a^lce bteje Co
bpmcannc.

.villi.

yi\y Inpunbe niajan • mm gate meoliic ];onue hio
pupjjum amolcen fie pele bpincan • fume peapme eopo
meoluc bpmcati pi|; raajan fape • fume |;one yelefcan
ele jei^ypmebne • fume yip j'a jate meoluu menja'S o|?
f hie f])ipaS p hi ^e yj? fpipan majon.

.X.

• 1^ pla^^ctjin -j ro hroranne majian • pjoteji bepoben
fin pejnnobe • -j on bile o]? J^one |7pibban ba3l pele f
fol. 70 h. bjimcan ■]> pyjiin^ ^j heajiba]? jjone majaii.

.XI.

■'- nphi t/iTviv- ' ])]j> jijmnbeneppe ^ ejiunje majan • pinolep pypttpu-
LiirceTiv. Alex. ,• ^ ^ i^ j- k^ i

Trail, lib. vii. "^^'-^ '^ iiiejicel op jeot: inib lci]ie pine ealbe 'j op j'on

cap. 10; p. 112, jele bjiincan nehrnejTijVim .11. bollan pulle lycle. J7ib

ed, 1548 ; hut ^- c , t i i

the remedies pmbijjie apunbeiicpj'c niajaii to j'yjunanue ]>oiie ceal-

differ. ^.^1^ iiia^aii • puban • ^-j bile • mmtan • -j mepce fynb-

^ juje j'ceapaf jeieo'iS on ]>]iini ceac* jruilum jni'tejief •]>

j)8e]i ne fie butau an pul fele j^onne jj paateji bjvincan.

' The method of Alex. Tral-
jiiinus i.s, it seeni.s, kept in view;
\]ep\ rSiv 5(' auarpov if/O^ii' vy<'piK~

TowTiiv, lib. vii., cap. 7 ; p. 109, ed.
] .'■)48.
- ceacuni ''

I.KKCH I'.OOK. U. ISf)

wort, some earth gall, ral> small a poun<l of it. .iiid HiiokJi.
apply tliereto four bowls full of liot water; give it to * ^"''
the sick to drink for three Jays after his nights fast-
ing. Again, take the npper part of the red nettle,
while having seed, wash it clean, and work it up to
sup. Again, administer to drink juice of green marehe
triturated and wrung out, and in the same wise, give
liim to drink Juice of /to/vdiouud. Again, for sore of
mav\^ ; rue and mint, dill, dwarf dwosle, agrimony,
some call it garcliff, and cress, pound them all in wine
oi- in ale, give of fhis each day to drink.

ix.

For an inward wound of the maw ; take goats milk
just when it is milked, administer to be drunk. Some
drink for sore of maw warm ewe milk, some the
best oil warmed, some mingle that with the goats
inilk till they spew, that they may spew the more
easily.

X.

For nausea and to heat the maw ; water sodden on
wormwood and on dill, down to the third part, give
the man that to drink ; it wai'meth and hardeneth the
maw.

xi.

For puffing up and blowing of the maw ; overpour
roots of fennel and marehe with clear old wine, and
of that give the dck to drink after his nights fast two
little bowls full. For a windy ]iuffing up of the maw ,
to warm the maw, rue and dill, mint and marehe ;
seethe bundles of them separate in three jugs full (S
water, and continue seething so tliat there be only one
cup ; then administer the M^atei- to be drunk.

100 LyECE VA)(:.

.XII.

* n/jos t/uEToj/. * Vi-S fpip];an 'j piS J?on ]?e htm mete unbep ne je-
punije • jemm finfullau jejnib on fceapp pm pele
bollan pulne to jebjimcanne septeji sepen jepeojice •
jeriim pij> ])oii ilcan pinolej- peapep tpejen bselaf liuni-
jep aenne feo]? o]? ^ p hsebbe liunijef J^iciieppe pele
|jonne neaht neptijum cucleji msel pull • f plsettan
V jeftnpeS f lunjenne bet ]> lipjie lirel^. pi^ miclan
fpipe]?an *j he ne mas^e nanne mete jehabban • jentm
fol. 71 a. bilep psebep ane yntj^an • pipojiep peopeji • cymenep

]?peo jejnib fpi]?e fmale • bo J'onne on peetep j^e paepe
nnnte on jepoben -j fupe seppla o^^e pmjeapbep tpiju
upepeapb meppe jip pe mon ne fie on peppe yce mib
pme *j pele bpmcan ]?onne ne to pefte jan pille • "j le^
utan on ]?one majan jefobene pubu sepia -j hlapep
cpuman -j fpilce onlejena.

.XIII.

"Pev/xuTta-iuik. JJonne pceal ]7ip yip ]?8e]' majan fppmje Sum pype

eyn hatte lenticulaf ece J>apa hunb teontij hpeappa.
6pt pceappep ecebep jefupe ]>peo cuclep mtel ]?onne he
plapan pille on sepen.

.XIIII.

yip eallum majan untpumneppum • jentm pmolej-
pypttpuman utepeapbpa f J'seji msepj'oft fie abo op
]?am pmole fpa micel fpa o]>ep healp punb fie • jeot

' The method of Alex. Trallianus i naxov dir^fiovvra r)]v Tpocpyju, p. 1 12,
is still preserved; he has a short | ed. 1548.
chapter, lib. vii. cap. 9, Uf)hs ari- \ - For lege.

LEECTT P.OOK. TT.

Ml

Xll.

For spewing, and in case that a mans meat will
not keep down ; take sinfulle, rub it Jine into sharp
wine, give the man a bowl full to drink after evening
work. Take, for tliat ilk, two parts of juice of fennel,
one of honey, seethe or boil dotvn till the mixture
have the thickness of honey, then give after a nights
fast a spoon measure fall ; that restraineth nausea,
that bettereth the lungs, that healeth the liver. For
mickle spewing, and in case a man may keep in his
stomach no meat; take one ounce of seed of dill, four of
pepper, three of cummin, rub very small; then put
into water in which mint has been sodden and sour
apples, or the tender upper part of the twigs of a vine ;
if the man be not in a fever, eke it with wine, and
give it him to drink when he willeth to go to bed;
and lay outside on the maw sodden wood apples
{crabs), and crumbs of bread, and such applications.

Book II.
Ch. xii.

xm.

Besides, this shall be good for Hux ^ of the maw ;
one sort of peas bight lentils, let the rnan eat of them
raw one hundred. Again, let him sip three spoon
measures of sharp vinegar, when he willeth to sleej)

at evening.

XIV.

For all infirmities of the maw ; take of the out-
ward parts of the roots of fennel, what is there most
tender, remove from the fennel as much as may make

* For this translation I partly rely
on the guidance of Alexander
Trallianus, who has remedies irphs
ffrdfjiaxov pevnari^dfj-ei/ov ; lib. vii.,
cap. 8 ; p. 1 1 1, ed. 1548 ; p. 337, ed.
1556. Properly pevfiarifffihs is of

the wamb, or venter, not of the
maw ; and Aretajos says as much,
Chron. lib. ii., cap. 6. But other
authors have the same expression
as Alex. Trail ; for instance Cselius
Aurelianus, Chron. lib. iii., cap. 2.

1 fi2 L.^DOE p.or.

l'.)niit I'cehej- on \'\k\ o|>eji lic^al}: p'j-rt-p fie l:ot |>oiine
j'jU'O nihc fcanhan fpa serjrebejie • u^jiTeji ]>on opejifeo^
])a pypttrjniman hpref hpeja on ];am ecebe 'j appm;i; o):
fol. 71 b. ];am ecebe cleene • jebo |>onne on f eceh Imnijep mib

j/j^ ecebe • jebo j'onne a] pan jobne bsel Jjsep on ^re
yncian jepeje Ocibe ma -j o]:'ep Ipilc lipitep cpeobopep
•j ameo)- liatrce fuj^ejine J'ypt: o]>ep apajiu bo ]?a]ia ]?ep
;^emenje li])te]7ejie ealle tojfebeju' 'j ]>onne pelle him
)>peo cucleji mrel. bo })ip pi'6 ma^an bjiyne -j ]>npfrt-
placo ]>fece]i menT;e pi'S ]>one ieleptan ele ]-ele bjimcan
]> f-yjiS ' j^am |>ujifcre.

.XV.

])i]) ])£CY ma^an Ipjunje ]?onne ]mph mnS bicepe

« 'ohpeyuiu. jjjifecS-'^ oj^j^e bealce" oSCe him on ]>am ma;^an fujeS •

^enmi pipopef fpilce an myner ^epeje • bilef prebep

'^^ fpilce .HIT. mynet jepejen • o|?ep fpilc cymenef jegnib

eall -j pele on pme cvicleji msel Jjonne he plapan jan

pille. Sio a]7enun5 p'sep majan 'j fio ablapunje hoeco

cymeS op 'pam blacum omvim • ae 3;enim jjonne fpjun-

^ ;^eau- jebo on pceajip eceb jepsete fpiSe leje ojiep

|;one majan ])onne liic fpilc fie. jSpteji );on jip j^aE^p

fu!. 75 a. ne pele leje oj^pa oulejena on frpenjpan -j apeppau

fpa fpa 'iy pap'^ 6m piS hiinii; jemengeb 'j Von ^ehc.

fpa Isecap cunnon.

.XVI.

])ip i'mt caen ]Kcy hatan mai;aii omilitan nnjemer
pffifchcan • -j |>a^p opepeealban • pa^p liatan mai;an un-

' From Kreopan.

'^ Understand as fpouj;ean from

the Hellenic. Alex. Trail., lib. vii.,
cap. 8; p. 110, foot, ed. l.'i^e,
'■' Read ap. See the Glossary.

' Full of (pXcynovTi.

- The diet is drawn from a pas-
sage thus headed ; Qepaireia rf/s Sia
6efijj.riy acrOevo{ia7]s Svydfxiws. UiiSe-
VOL. IT.

mec] asiT, uiij;emecj-ae)'chc are there-
I'ort' the opposites of KadfKTiK6s ;
and not what Somner supposed.

("h xiv.

i.EEr'if nooK. II. 198

a pound and a half, tlion pour on of vinegar as ftiJ*^*^..'^'

mucli as be a sextarius and a half, then let these

stand thus together for three nights ; after that seethe

the roots somewhat in the vinegar, and wring them

clean from the vinegar. Then put into the vinegar

some honey with the vinegar ; then put a good deal

of aloes therein, so much as may weigh an ounce or

more, and as much more of mastic and of ammi, as

a foreign wort liight ; or asarabacca ; put in less of

them, mingle, however, all together, and then give him

three spoon measures. Do this against burning of the

maw and thirst ; mingle lukewarm water with the best

oil, give to drink, that checketh the thirst.

XV.

For irritation of the maw when fJ/c man through the
mouth has l)itter breaking or belching, or there is an
ill lymph in his stomach ; take of pepper as much as one
coin may weigh, of seed of dill as much as may weigh
four coin, as much besides of cummin, rub all fine and
administer in wine a spoon full when the man willeth
to go to sleep. The swelling of the maw and the heat
of the puffing up cometli from the black flegms ; but
then take sponges, put them into sharp vinegar, wet
it thoroughly, lay it over the maw, when it is such.
After that, if it feel not this, or he insensible io these
remedies, lay on some other applications, stronger and
more austere, such as is copperas mingled with honey,
and the like of that as leeches know.

(■

XV i.

1. These are tokens of the hot fiegmatic ' maw, irre-
tentive,^ and of the overcold. Of the hot or irretenti^■e

194 LMCE BOC.

jemetpfBjfcan tacn finbon ];onne he bi'b raib omum
jefpenceb |?am men bi6 {;upfc jecenje 'j neaponef -j
jefpojunja -j mobe)" tpeonunj "j unlufc "j pliBttra • liim
1]" nyt' f he hlap jpicjen" on cealbum psetjie oS8e on
ecebe^ -j fpiSe pgefte jej'oben sejjia o]7j7e jebjisebbe to
unbejinef -j pyjica • ^j lactucaf f ly leahtjiic "j mealpan
*j hgenne plsepc nasp fpipe ^^ej'oben • -j jofe ]?a ycmep-
tan hmo • -j pixap J^a ];e heapb plsej'C habban*^ *j
1/ pme pmclan • -j ofcjian -j o}?pu pjyena cyn -j mylfce

jieppla 'j bse]? op fpetum pejifcum psecepum fceal beon
jepoplit hat b99]7 him ne beah. Taen^ |?sep opejiceal-
ban majan f ]?a men ne J^ypfc ne hi fpol jepela]? on
majan -j ne bi]? him lenij peapm j^jiopunj jetenje.

fol. 72 b. Ac hy jijmaS metta fpi]?op j^onne hit jeTiclic fie -j jip

htm opfconbej? on Innan seniju cealb paste )7onne
fpipa'5 hie f hoph -j ]>a mettap jehabban ne majon
pie hie jej^icjeaS • 'j septep j^am fpipaS^ pona htm to
jipanne bibba^ • ]7a men }>u j'cealc fmeppan mib ]?y
ele ]?e mon pepmob on feo'Se • *j J;a j^iccan jeupnen

"rhpiga? on -j ]?a pliprnja-'^ psetan on J7am majan -j ]?a acoloban^

•j f opfcanbene ]?icce plipije hoph J;ii j-cealt mib ];am
seji jenemneban Isecebonmm pyjiman -j J^ynnian. Pypc
liim jjonne pypfcb]ienc op pinolef pypccpuman pmbe 'j
^ meppoft pie pte j-ix yntfan ^epeje -j ecebep anne pep-

tep • 'j alpan jjjieo yntfan • yeop ]>onne on j^am ecebe
]7one pmol o]y f hit fie pel ^epoben appmj |?onne ]?a
pypta op l^am ecebe jebo ]7onne to J'am ecebe clfenej'
huni^ef punb yeo]) ];»onne setjsebepe o]) f hit pie fpa
]?icce fpa hunij fceab jwnne ];a alpan on pel jegnibene

fol. 73 a. "j r^le ]?peo cucle]! msel mib psetepe p beah pi]? heopt

ece "j pi]? pelle psepce.

' Alexander Trail., lib. vii., cap. 5 ;
p. 106, ed. 1.548 ;cap. .'3, p. .323, ed.

'' oarpaKoSepficcv, ftheU finh .

■' From Alexander Trail., lib. vii..

1556. I cap. 5; p. 105, ed. 1548 ; p. 319, ed.

- Head J^icge. i 1556, for a few lines only.

^ Gr. fls &KpaTov, dipped in xvine '' T?ead fpipban ?

unmixed with wafer, (as if brandy). !

LEECH I'.OOK. Tf, 1 9o

maw are tokens, when it. is vexed witli inflammations, i^ook il.

thirst is incident to the man, and oppression, and

swoonings, and vacilkition of mind, and loss of ap})etite,

and nausea. It is beneficial for liim that he should

eat bread in cold water or in vinegar, and eggs very

hard boiled or roasted, (at nine o'clock in the morning,)

and worts, and lactucas, that is lettuces, and mallow,

and hens flesh not mnch sodden, and the extremest

parts of the limbs of goose, that is giblets, and fishes

which have hard flesh, and periwinkles, and oysters,

and others ; various sorts of peas, and mild apples, and

a bath of sweet fresh waters shall be wrought; a hot

bath will not suit him. Tokens of the overcold maw,

that the men feel no thirst nor burning heat in the

maw, nor is there any warm symptom incident upon

them. But they yearn for meats more strongly than

is proper, and if in their inwards there lodges any

cold humour, then they spew up the filth and are not

able to retain the meats which they swallow ; and after

the spewing soon they pray that someivhat be given

tJiem to eat. Those men thou shalt smear with the oil

on which wormwood has been sodden. And the thick

coagulated and the viscid humours in the maw, and

the chilled humours, and the intractable thick viscid

foulness, thou shalt warm and thin with the afore

named leechdoms. Work then for the sick man a

wort drink of the rind of the root of fennel, and let

it be very tender, and such that it may weigh six

ounces, and one sextarius of vinegar, and three ounces

of aloes ; then seethe the fennel in the vinegar till it

be well sodden, then wring the worts off" the vinegar,

then add to the vinegar a pound of clean honey, tlien

seethe these together, till it be as thick as honey, then

shed the aloes into it, well rubbed up, and give three

spoon measures with water ; that is good for heart

ache and for epilepsy.

N 2

19()

I.^ECE BOC.

Alexander \)e ]>i&\\e Ojjejimiclnii yjuclo |;oime oy ]>ve.]\e jelj:an

ibid^ '"""*' cealbaii able \)iBy mai;an cymcS '3 J"io ojrejimiclo y]\\c\o

KvfuSiii ot>ili'!. *j jijrejme)" ajiifc oy j^nej- hopej" ptxDran ]>e o}: ]>ani ina;!;au

aovKi/xos. cymii 'j hie beo]> Ipipenhe ^ fj'a ipa Imnb ejx yona

fecaS ])a mettaj- • ]ra,m ]}n j'cealt jellan cb\3iie -j lilur-

co]i pni' 'j peab IpiSe jehsec ne fie co j'ceajip • ne ye

mece ne iie co j'ceajip ne to puji ]>e ]m Itini j-elle •

itc fnie]7e "j yest • jip - ojima^ce liunjo-^ cymS op un-

jemerlicpe hsero ]>ssy majan 'j tybbepneppe -j? hie pyu

]'ona jefpojene jip hie ];one mete nasbbeu. yi]) ojimte-

cum hunjjie ]?onne jcealr ]m yona \7sey mannef tihan

bmb hi]- ytineptan hmo mib bynbellum teoh him pa

loccal' -j ppinje )'a eajian *j ]'one panjbeajib tpiccije -y

jjoune him pel ]*ie pele him j'ona hlap on pme jebjio-

cenne iiep he oj^jie mettap l-icje • pele him ]pa mertaj'

]>-A |?e ne fien to paSe jemelte • late my It hjiyj^epep

fol. 73 b. pkepc TjEcen • 'j hiopora • buccena tp j'yppefc -j jiamma •

^ 'j peapjia "j }?a ]>e i'pibe ealbe heo'S on peo];o]ipotum

nietenum -j pujlaj- j^a J^e heapb pla3]'C habbacS • papa • v
Ipan • teneb j^am (^e cealbe pambe habba^ ]>i\ fcealu
pellan pel melrenbe mertaf )X'ellihte pifcaj- • "j culppena
bpibbaf- hfenne phfj'C 'j jope pij'jm fpa betejie fpa
piBtjian fien *j peplcpan pa ytineptan leomo • fpina
\)eo'6 eaSmelte -j a^'OwS ^^J'y^^P 'j riccenii • -j fpete
pi"!! )-el mylr jwinie ]3 aj-jie.

.XVII.

yi\) ealliim lipep ablum 'j jecynbnm 'j pa^f-cmiim 'j be
]>am pex j^injnm ])e Sone lipeji pa?jic pyjiceaci 'j lacnunT;
Vajia ealjia -j fpeotol tacn je be micjean je be unlufce
;^e hijia hipe. Sio h\]> on J^a fpij'jian 1'iban aj^eneb o]> j^one

' Tip ii.Kpa.rca oivo) ica). ruT? Anropo?s
7U1V i^iaj.iiruv. Alex. Trail., who
goes on to order legs of pheasants,
(iucriavi;' (xiv ruus /rrjpoi's.

-Alex. Trail., lib. vii, cap. 6;
p. 100. u!t. ed. 15tS ; p. 323, ed.

LEECH 1500K. II. 197

2. Of tlio overinickk', appetite, when from the same Book II.
cold disease of the maw it cometh that the overmickle ^f'- ^^■'•
appetite and greediness ariseth from the foul hvimour,
wliich cometh from tlie naaw, and the sick are spewing,
and, as it Avere a hound, again soon seek the meats:
to them thou shalt give clean and clear wine, and red,
much heated ; let it not be too sharp ; nor let the
meat be too sharp, nor too sour, Avhich thou ma-yst
give them, but smooth and fat. If extreme hunger
cometh from immoderate heat and tenderness of the
maw, so that they are soon in a swoon, if they
have not the meat ; then, for extreme hunger ' thou
shalt soon treat the man ; bind the extremities of liis
limbs with ligatures, pull his locks for him, and
wring his ears, and twitch his whisker, when he is
better, give him soon some bread broken in Avine, be-
fore he take other meats. Give him the meats wliich
are not too soon digested. Beeves flesh, and goats, and
harts digests late : bucks is worst, and rams, and bulls,
and those of four footed neat which are very old, and
fowls which have hard flesh ; peacock, swan, duck. To
those that have a cold wamb thou shalt give well
digesting meats, shell fishes, and young of culvers, hens
flesh, and gooses wings ; they are the better as they
are fatter and fresher. The extremities of the liriiljs
of swine '^ are easy of digestion, and young beeves, and ^ I'igs trotters,
kids : and sweet wine digests better than the roucfh.

XVI],

For all liver diseases, and of its nature, and incre-
ment, and of the six things which work the liver pain,
and curing of all these, and plain tokens, either by the
mie, or by tlie loss of appetite, or by the hue of the

' In Tr;illianu:j tliesc appliauct'S arc uicaut ior the fainting just nieu-
tionod, AcnroSi'.u'c,

108 L^CE BOC.

V nepefeo)?an fio htCfS pp lagppan helc ]?a lenbenbjiajban •
lio ij* blobej' cimbep • 'j Ijlobep liuf • -j f ofcoji • ))onne
])apa metta meltunj bi]? -j ])yniief ])a becuma]? on ]>Sb
hyeji ]7omie penba]? liie hiopa hip -j cejijia^ on blob •

fol. 74 a. -j J'a unyefepnepya ]>e ]?£ep beo]? hio apypp]? ut -j ^

claene blob jefomnal? "j ]ni]ili jreopeji sebpa fpiJ?ofc 6n-
)-enc CO )?8epe beoptan -j eac jeonb ealne |7one licho-
man o]? ]7a ytmej'tan limo. be ]'ex J^mjum ]>e ]?one
lipejipsejic pypcea5 sepefe jefpel f ly a]?unbeney ]>se\ie
hyejy} 0]>e]\ ly ])iey jefpeUef cobepfeunj. Jjpibbe ly punb
]%epe lifpe • peopj^e ij* pelmej* hseto mib -^eyelneyye -j mib
)-ape jefpelle • yiyte ly aheapbiinj ]><£y majan mib jepel-
neppe -j mib pape. Sexte ly heapbunj ]78epe lippe bucan
jep elnej'j-e -j butan fajie. hgepe lippe jefpel oJ?]7e apun-
benej'pe ]>\\ mealic j)up onjitan • on ]?a fjnSpan healpe
nnbep ]mm hnej-can^ pibbe bip gepefc ye fpile on psepe
lippe *j 5epel8 le mon sepefc ])£e\\ hepijneppe -j pap -j
op Jjsepe fcope opeji ealle ]7a fiban afcihS o]> f ])iJ?oban
•j o]? 8one fpippan pculbop f faji • 'j hip micjje biS
blobpeab fpilce hio blobij fie • bij? htm nnlufc jetenje
•j liip hip blac -j he bi]j hpset hpeja hpipenbe • -j fm-
galne cyle ]?popa]7 *j cpacap fpa mon on lenccen able

fol. 74 b. ^ep • ne maej him mete unbep jepunian ]nnc fio hpep

H ne msej ]?am pape mib hanba onhpman bi^ to ]7on
fcpanj 'j nsey\> nanne j-lsep ]?onne hit ftpanjoft bi]? •
ponne pe fpile tobypfc ponne bi8 feo micje Ij'^ppen
fpilce popmp • jip he utyjmS ]?onne bi]? f pap Ifejpe.

' Read liyjie, | " Kead ncxcan, last?

leech: book. ii. 199

imtients. The liver is extended ou the right side as Book II.

far as the pit of the belly, it hath five lohes or lappets,

it has a hold on the false ribs, it is the material of

the blood, and the house and the nourishment of the

blood ; when there is digestion and attenuation of the

meats, they arrive at the liver, and then they change

their hue, and turn into blood ; and it casteth out the

uncleannesses which be there, and collects the clean

blood, and through four veins principally sendeth it to

the heart, and also throughout all the body as far as

the extremities of the limbs. Of the six things which

work liver pain : first swelling, that is, puffing up of

the liver; the second is the bursting of the swelling ; the

third is wound of the liver ; the fourth is a burning heat

with sensitiveness and with a sore swelling ; the fifth

is a hardening of the maw with sensitiveness and with

soreness ; the sixth is a hardening oi" the liver without

sensitiveness and without soreness. Thou mayest thus

understand swelling or puffing up of the liver ; on the

right side is under the nesh ^ rib first the swelling of the " Read laM.

liver observed, and the disordered man there first feeleth

heaviness and sore, and from that place the sore riseth

over all the side as far as the collar bone, and as far as

the right shoulder, and the mans mie is bloodred as if

it were bloody ; loss of appetite is incident unto him,

and his hue is pale, and he is somewhat feverish, and

he suffereth remarkable chill, and quaketh as a man doth

in lent addle or typhus fever ; his meat will not keep

down, the liver enlarges, and he may not touch the

sore with his hand, to that degree is it strong, and

he hath no sleep when it is strongest. When the

swelling bursteth then is the mie purulent, as ratten ;

if it runneth ofi" then is the sore less.

200 L^CE BOC.

. XVIII.

\ip ]>8d]ie lifjic Ipile o5Se ajjunbeiiejye 31]: le utjanj
p.)]ifirce htm ly on jrjmman Ijloh ro foplasceime on
tebjic on ]?a pinel'rpan healjre pyjic litni j^onne bejjinje
))U)' "j yealjre o]: e]e -j ]iuban • -j bile -j oj: mepcej-
febe I'pa micel fpa ]'e J^mce peoS eall mib ]^y ele -j
J5onne mib hiiepcjie j?ulle bepe mib ])y pope lanje j^a
Ipi'Sjian fiban -j ];onne opejileje mib pulle "j befpej^c
pasfre ymb .111. nihr pyjic litm ept; onlecjenbe iealpe
•j bepen jjiytce jeonb jocene mib pme 'j ]7onne
jepobene -j mib ecebe 'j raib liunije eall ^ecjupulab
■j epc jepoben leje on ]?one j^iccepcan dab oj^^e
on pel IpiSe' mib Ipa peajime *j on p ]'ap bmb 'j
lipilum reoli mib jlsele oj^J^e mib liojme. jip pe ucjan;^
fol. 75 a. pu-^pitte mib pyjitbpencum ateoli liiiie ut. Pyjic op

pejimobe • -j op Inpbe pyjice • -j op puban jtebe • bo
aleoponej- hunije]' genoli co j-ele neahtnej-'cijum ciiclep
meeL

.XVIIII.

Tacn be alpoilenpe 'j jepunbabjxc lippc laacebomap
pi|? |7on • ^ be |)8epe lippe aheapbunje. Se Jje bi'S je-
punbob ]7onne on |>a lipjie • ^ jip be ne bi]> |K)n pajjop
jelacnob |7onnc becyraS he on ]7a able \)e mon popmfe
fpipe]? • j^ip le jefpollena mon on ];iepe lipjie oSSc pe
a|Minbcna ipa al'pollen jebit o]? |?one pip -j cpentijejjan
bx^ Ipa ]e Ipile ne bepfce]; |70nne onjm'S fio lipeji
heapbian jip hio ^ebyjiiu J>onne bi8 }ja3p pmb^ on
]nepc lipju'. piepe punbe cacn pmbon ]?onnc lio pimb

' llather (peiSc.

-' licad ymnb, because hajjie purine follows.

LEECH BOOK. 11. liOl

xviii. IU)ok II.

Ch. xviii.

For swelliug or puffing up of the liver ; if the out-
going ^ lodge, fltG hian must first be let blood on a
vein, on tlie left side, then work him a bathing thus,
and a salve of oil, and rue, and of dill, and of marcho
seed, as much as may seem good to thee, seethe all
with the oil, and then bathe with nesli wool witli
the wash for a long time the right side, and then
(.)verlay with wool, and swathe up fast for about
three nights ; work him again an onlying salve, and
lay barley groats soused with wine, and then sodden,
and tJtls all triturated with vinegar and with hone^',
and sodden again, lay on the thickest cloth or on a
skin, swathe up therewith so warm, and bind upon
the sore, and at whiles draw with glass oj- horn, as
with cuppliKj glass. If tlie secretion lodge, draw it
out Avitli wort drinks ; work sucli of wormwood and
of herdwort, and of seed of rue, add enough of strained
honey ; give the riiayio a spoon measure after his nightly
fast.

XIX.

Tokens of a swollen and wounded liver ; leechdoms
for that ; and of the hardening of the liver. He who
is wounded in the liver, if he be not sooner cured, then
arriveth at the disorder in which a man speweth
purulent matter. If the man swollen in tlie liver, or
the Idoated one, abideth so swollen until the five and
twentieth day, so as that the swelling bursteth not,
then beginneth the liver to harden ; if it bursteth,
then is there a wound in tlie liver. Tokens of the

' Se ucgans would be presumed liainis, -n-fihs ifirppa^iv ViTraTos, the

to be ffcce.s, the outgoing of the
intc.'.lincs ; but, since this chapter
must be based on Alexander Tinl-

writer ought to mean, the outgoing
ol' bile from the liver.

202 LMCE hoc.

jebopfren bij? ponne fox's ]7U]xh ]?a pambe le utjiyne
I'pilee blobij pceteji -j bi]? hip neb peab 'j afpollen • *j
J)onne |?ii bim pme lianb petefc on J>a lippe J^onne ^epelj)
he fpi]>e micel ' fap "j hip fe man fpiSe meajvo • *j op
]78ejie able cym6 pul opt: psetep bolla. pi]? jefpolleniim
fol. 75 b. I'ajie. On pjiuinan mib onlejenum -j j^ealpmn fceal

mon lacnian • fio j-ceal beon op bejienum ;5pyttum
on leaje jefobenum -j op culppena j'ceapne jepophr mib
hunije 'j Jjonne alecje mon j^a fealpe on hatne cla^
oppe pel o]>]>e cajican befpe]?e mib |?onne hnepcaS j^e
fpile Ibna -j jebepfce]? mnan. bjnnce mulfa f ip je-
inilfcebe bpincan iielce baaje • *j jate meoluc jefobene
•-j psetep on |7am lien jefobene jobe pypta.

.XX.

Lsecebomap pi]? J^sepe lipjie punbe J>onne fe fpile je-

j'ypfmeb tobypfc • Nim jate meoluc fpa peapme nipan

amolcene pele bjimcan. bo eac to bpence nsebpan

jepofihce fpa Isecap cunnon *j J?onne hie selcpa bpincan

pillen bpincan hie nemne psetrep • ?ep jefoben op pyp-

tum • on pejimobe "j on o]?]iiim fpeleum -j fpilca onle-

gena fpa pe seji pjiicon. Ac mon j-ceal 8ep mib peap-

V mum fppinjum --j hate psetpe be|>ian -j J?pean J^a fcope

"j on })am ])8etpe fien jepobene laupef cpoppan "j hipbe-

fol. 76 a. yj]^^ '^ ^f eopSjealla "j pepmob mib ]?y ]ni J;a fajian

ftopa lanje sepeft hepe 'j Iset jieocan on • jip })onne

pio punb fpiSe potije j^sepe lippe o]? p he f pupfm op

muSe hpsece • jepypce him ^emilfcabe bpincan • f ip

y micel bsel bepyllebef psetepef on Imnije]- gobum baele •

' Mice, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 203

wound are these ; when the wound is bursten out then Rook ii.
the outrunning throvigh the wamb is as it were bloody ^^^-

water, and tlte mans face is red and swollen ; and
when thou settest thine hand upon the liver then the
man feeleth very much soreness, and the man is very
tender, and from this disorder there cometh full oft a
dropsy. For a swollen sore : at starting one shall cure
with onlayings, that is, external applications, and
salves ; the salve shall be of barley gToats sodden in
ley, and of culvers sharn wrought with honey, and
then let one lay the salve on a hot cloth, or on a
skin, or on paper, beswathe with that, the swelling
soon becometh nesh and bursteth within. Let the onan
drink " mulsum," that is, dulcet drinks, every day, and
goats milk sodden, and water on which good worts
have been sodden.

XX.

Leechdoms for the abscess ot the liver, when the
purulent swelling bursteth ; take goats milk so warm,
newly milked, give the WjOjU that to drink. Form also
into a potion an adder, wrought so as leeches ken how
to work it, and when the sick will to drink anytliing,
let them drink nothing but water previously sodden
with worts, on wormwood and on other such, and
such onlayings as we before wrote of But one shall
previously batlie and wash the places with warm
squirtings and with hot water, and on the water let
there be sodden bunches of laurel berries or floivers,
and herdwort, that is, earth gall, and wormwood ; with
these do thou long previously foment the sore places,
and make the reek smoke them. If further the wound
of the liver be very ratteny, so much as that the man
hreaketh the ratten from his mouth, let him work
himself a mulled drink, that is, a mickle deal of boiled
water in a good deal of honey ; from it shall the scum

204 L^CE BOC.

o]: \rdin jceal beon ]> jiot gelome aboii |7enbeii hit mon
pels o]> ^ f ]>x]\ nan ne fie • liet ]?onne colian -j fele
jwnne bjnncau."

.XXI.

^Kippaiais. JDeli fine tacn abeajibobjie lifjie je on pani lasppum

■j liealoeuin -j jnlmenum. Sto aheajibunj 'iy on tpa
pifan jepab. Oj^eji bij? on ppuman sep l?on );o lenij
o)?e]i eappe]?e on lifjie became • o]?ejiu seprcji o]?]ium eap-
}:e]mm jysepe lippe cymS • fio bi]? buran fape • ^j j^onne
fe man mere j)!^^ |;onne apyjipS he epc -j onpenbej?
hif hip -j hsejrS unjepealbene panibe "j ]>a micjean • *j
|?onne J^n Sine hanba ferfc upan on ])a hppe jjonne
beoS fpa hepii^e fpa fran -j ne bi]) j-ap • jip ]> lan-^e
i'pa bi]7 ]7onne [^ehtep]^ hir on unej^elicne^ pjBtepbollan,

fol. 76 b. 6alle* ]?a blapunje -j ])a pehuaf ]?a ]?e Leo]? ^ehp^ep

;5eonb ]>one hchoman • J a enma'cj op hacnm blobe -j
peallenbum • fpa bi'cS eac fpilce on Sfepe hppe ro onji-
ranne hpiie]?e]i fio hteco 'j flo ablapuuj fie on ]?a3pe
bpjie pelpjie on ]>am pihnenum • 'j on ]'am ])m5um ]7e
ymburan j^a hppe beo]' • '^j lip?B])ep hio fie on Sam
hpepbyluni 'j hieppum l^e on ];am hpejilioliim -j heal-
cuni ])c on j;ain btielum ba3in. bonne pe Isece ]? onjit
I'unno iniQ-^ he j^one Igecebom J7e jiaSoji pmban • ^ip
iynb j'a racn • jtp fio ablapim^T; i'lo hate b]]> on
)iiej\e !ip]ic oppum oSSe bylliin }'onne bi]) ]nep micel
ajmnbene]' "j jrepeji mib fpeopunja'' omena -j fcin-
l^enbe faji o}> ]?a, pij^oban oS Sa eaxle -j h]7ofca -j
neaponep bpeofra • "j majie hepijnep ponne j'ap • *-j

' MS. has oil. ; ' Tiiesc words are found in Alex-

■-' This passage may he from Plii- j ander Trallianus, vii. 19 ; p. 126,

lagrios on the preparation of aTTiiyueA.!, ed. 1.548.

as preserved in Xikolaos Jlyreph- . ' Jiead rj'eohinj^a, from tlic words

ios, V. 3. I Kal TTvpcTov tTTifpfixi h-avcruOr].

^ For iiuc)>eit'acne. i

LEECH V.nOK. H. 2():>

be frequeatly removed, while it is a boiling, till that H.tok ll.
there be none there; then let it cool, :ui(l then give it ^-h- xx.
to be drunk.

Here are tokens of ;i hardened liver, wliether on the
lobes or the hulks, that is, ike hollows of if, or the
films and menihranes. The hardening occurs in two
ways; the one is in the outset before any other mis-
chief Cometh upon the liver ; the second cometh after
other mischiefs of the liver ; it is without sore, and
Avhen the man taketh meat, then he casteth if up
again, and changeth his luie, and hath not under con-
trol his Avamb and his mie ; and wlien thou settest
thine hand from above upon the liver, then it is as
heavy as a stone and is not sore : if that continues
long so, then it involves a not easily cured <lrops}-.
All the U]jh\o\YmgH and the burnings which \)g any-
where throughout the body, come of hot and boiling-
blood. So also in like manner it is to be understood
of the liver, whether the heat and the upblowing be
on the liver itself, on the films, that if^, nimnhranes,^
and on the things ' which be about the liver ; and
whether they be on the liver ])rominences and lobes,
or in the liver holes and hulks,''' or in both those
parts. When the leech understandeth that, then he
may the more easily find the leechdom. These are the
tokens ; if the hot upblowing is on the margins or
jirominences of the liver, then is there much distention
and fever with burning heats and a piercing soreness
as far as the collar bones, and as far as the slioulder, and
tliere is host, or cough, and oppression of the breast.

' x''''wo'ii', tunics, coats, Alex. J fj.uWou, ■!) ra <jif.iA v) koI -rh avva^tpo-

Trall. 1 Tepov ; the cnnve.ulies or cmircivitics,

■ fiuai, viuschs, id. I or both at once .

* Z-!]T e^yapd ye ra Kvpra ireTT^i'dao'i [

fol.

•20G LMCE BOG.

{?onnp fio ablapunj brS on pam pilmenum *j on ]?am
?ebjium ]?e on -j yinb ]?a lippe beo5 ponne bij> ]5 j-ap
fceajippe jjonne ]??ey pehnej- yaji j)e on |?8epe lifpe
]'elj:jie beoS • -j ]?u meaht be J>on onjitan f fio abl
bi]? Jjsepe hpjie Ijepj^um -j ofjium. jtp ponne fio lipjie
aheajibunj "j j'lo abl *j j-io ablapnnj hip on ])se]\e hpjie
healcum -j holocum jecenneb |7onne Jiinc]? him fona on
pjiuman ]3 fio psete fpi]?op ni]ro]i jepite ];onne hio
upfrije • -j fe mon jefpojunja ]?jiopaS -j mobef jefpte-
j^punja • ne msej him fe hchoma batian ac he bi5
blac -j ]?ynne -^ acolob *j ]:op]?on £etpil5 htm paeteji-
boUa.

.XXII.

l^ip )?8epe jepelan heapbnejje Jjsepe hppe "Sonne ij-

fto to beSianne mib hatan psetpe on J?am fien 3;efo-

bene pypta.. pepmob • -j pilbpe majl^an pyjittjiuman •

penojpecum hatte pypt • 'j eop^ jealla • J^onne p>a

j-ien ealle jefobene be]?e ]7onne inib miclum fppynjum pa,

papan fcope lanje • poplret fpa .ill. bajaf Pypc ]?onne

j-ealpe op hpsecenum jpyttum ^epophc oS^e op bpipe

V op pepmobe • "j op pme • 'j op appotanean 'j cymene • •

'j op laupep cpoppan bo hunijef to f pu J'yppe pele

liim f ]?py bajaf • o]?pe ]7jiie pece him hojm on oj^J^e

jloep teoh ut. Sel ]nT lacnafc jip ]m feo|?eft; puban

on ele "j jpenne pepmob oS8e bpijne • -j hpit cpubu

fol. 77 b. Pj ealle bej'e leje on upan • Iset beon ealne bsej -j eac

pela baja pay pm^ fmfc to bonne -j ])am monnum fynb

/ to pellanne mijole bpmcan • pa pypt peteppihan • "j

LEEnn BOOTC. u. 207

and more heaviness than sore. And when the upblow- Book II.
ing is on the fihns, and on the veins which be in and ^ ' ^^^
about the liver, then is the sore sharper than the sore
of the inflammation which is on the liver itself, and
thou mayest by that understand that the disorder is
on the lobes and margins of the liver. If moreover
the liver hardening, and the disease, and the upblow-
ing is kindled on the hulks and hollows of the liver,
then it soon seems to the doctor that the humour
descends downwards rather than ascends ; and the man
suffers swoonings and failings of the mind ; ' his body
cannot amend, but it is pale, and thin, and chilled, and
hence there falleth upon him dropsy.

xxii

For the sensitive hardness of the liver ; it is to be
bathed with hot water, on which worts have been
sodden, wormwood and roots of wild maythe, a wort
that hight fenugreek, and earth gall ; when they are
all sodden, then bathe the sore places for a long time
with copious water fomentations ; - leave it so for three
days ; then work a salve wrought of wheaten groats
or of a brewit of wormwood, and of wine, and of
abrotanum, and of cummin, and of bunches of laurel
berries ; add thereto as much honey as thou needest ;
give the niutn that for three days; on other three set
on him a cupping horn or glass, draw out hy that,
ivhat comes out. Thou shalt treat the sick better if
thou settest rue in oil, and green or dry wormwood,
and gum mastic, witli all that bathe him, also lay
it upon him,; let it be for a whole day, and also for
many days these things are to be done, and to the
men must be given dim^etic drinks ; give thou him

' Xeiirodvfjdas for the two.
- Medicated baths were well known, as to Oribasios.

'20H L.-ECE ROC.

hile . "j niejicej' j-a^b oS'Se py)itt)uiman mib hunije yele
|>u Iniu relce ba^je bjiincan • "i;!}: hmi >t'}:eji ue fie yc
•j) inib pme tejrceji pon o]?pe pyjitbpenca]' yculon ]-i]j];an
j> jefpel bi)? jehpeleb -j cobyplb -j pyjvS unfajipe -j
ni|'e]i jepir ]?u]ili Sa pambe 'j fe man raih"5 po]iinfe •
trala]) p he ]?onne hal fie • ])oiiiie beo]^ litm Co j'ellanne

Aretaeos, fpijjofr ])a mijolaii bjimcan f'ze eall ]5 ypel ])uph Sa

pambe 'j Jjujili ya, micjean peopSen^ ^V^J, f^<5on • ]>y Inep
fe men peop]?e ])upli j)one mu]> jwpmf fpipenbe -j Imie
liujiu pi]) bseS healbe -j pij^ jpene fepla pj: ]?onne pe
fpile "j p popmf upfcib'b to )>on f ])e ]nnce ]3 hit moii
fmjjan raa^je 'j tit po-^lsecan • pypc him ];omie pealpe
repefc op culpjian fceapue -j op |?am jehca • -j <e.]\ mib
fppynjum be]?e ];a frope mib |?y pa^rjie "j pyjicum }>e
pe 88p ppicon |jomie ])u onjite ■]) ■]> 7;efpel hnej'cije 'j

fol. 78 a. ^P^Ppi^S^ * I'onne hpm Su him mib ])y fnib ij-ene "j fniti

Celsus, iv. 8. lye hpon 'j hftum ]> f blob m^eje tic puji]?um ]?ylaej'
]?ibep in ypel poliha jefije • Ne poplpec ]ni ]7?ep blobep

Avi-t. Aciit, vl. Co f ela on !?enne fi]) • J'ylep ]'e feoca man ro pepij
peopSe o^Se fpylce • ac |)onne )ju hic Cofcinje o]>)>e
fnij^e ponne hapa j^e linenne pseclan jeapone ■]> ];ii •]>
bolh pona mib poppjiibe • -j j^onne ]m hic epc ma
Isecan pille reoh j?one paeclan op Iter lychim fpa o])|J
liic abpujie • 'j J;onne fio punb fie clasne • ^epyme
];onne f ]5 ]>y]iel co neajio ne fie • ac j^ii liie relce
baeje mib pipau jeonb fpsec • *j a|?peah mib pam pin-

' Read peoji^V.

' The words are not from Tral-
lianus, but he speaks in the same
order of apxo/ie'cTjs irimaOui r^y
(pKfjIxovTi^ Kol yap St' ovpcov viroKAfn-
TETai Kol (TfxiKpvveraL 6 o^/coj.

VOL. II. O

- TU T/jS Tre'vf/eoiy arijj.e1a a<r(pa.-
KicTipa. Trallianus, p. li-'S, <'J.
1548.

■' Cf. Aretxos ; chrou. I. xiii.

XXII.

LEECH BOOK. TI. 209

every day to drinlc tlie wort parsley, and dill, and seed n.ioi; ii
of raarche or its roots with lioney : if he hath no fever * ''
eke that with wine. After that other wort drinks
are proper, when the swelling is become an abscess and
bursteth/ and is becoming more free from soreness, and
is passing off downwards through the wamb, and the
man pisseth ratten, reckoneth that he then nia}^ be
hole ; - then must be given him principally the diure-
tic drinks, in order that all the mischief through the
wamb and through the mie may be done away, lest
the man shouki take to spewing ratten through the
mouth ; and let him withhokl himself somewhat from
the bath and from green apples. If however the
swelling and the ratten mounteth up to that degree
that it seem to thee that a man may cut into it and
let it out, then work him a salve first of culvers sharn
and the like of that, and previously bathe th(; places
with sousings, with the water, and with the worts
which are wrote of before. Wlien thou understandeth
that the swelling is growing nesh and mild, then touch
thou it with the cutting iron,^ and cut in a little,
and cleverly, even that the blood may come out, lest
an evil sinus or pouch descend in thither. Do not
let too much blood at one time, lest the sick man be-
come too languid or die; but when thou dost prick or
cut it, then have for thyself a linen cloth ready that
therewith thou mayst soon bind up the cut ; and
when thou wilt again let more hlood draw the cloth
off, let it run by a little at a time till it gets dry ;
and when the wound is clean, then enlarge it that the
thirl or aperture may not be too narrow ; Init do
thou every day syringe through it with a tube, and

210

J.MCE BOC.

fol. 781),

5um ]i];]>aii oj^lej^e )?e J>a jmnbe clsenjneu •' pj: Ino
ipij?0]i miiyfpe peojipe ckenj'a" mib liunije -j jelsec ejic
■cojsebejie. Gyz ]?onne feo iinjefelbe aheapbunj J>8e]\e
lij-'pe to lanjlum pyjvb . Jjonne pypc]? hio pteceji boUan
])one ])e mon jelacman iie 111835. -^^ ^^^^^ pceal j'ona
on ppiiman ]>& teji jenemnebau bej^un^a • ne bjnnce lie
nipej- nabc • -j jip j-e bpepfioca mon blobep to fela
lifiebbe ]?onne j'ceal htm mon reji eaUum o])pum Isece-
bomum blob Irecau op j^am fpiSpan eajime on ]?se]ie
nj|?eppan asbpe • jip Ja mon ue mgeje pajie jejiebian
j^onne j-ceal mon on [aepe mibbel sebjie blob l^etan •
})a |)e f ne bo]) on micel eappe]?um becumaS.

.XXIII.'^

IDpfTt him iie to pojijanne on lipeji able hj'set him
lie to healbanne je on IjECebomum je on mete • po]i-

\/ ]>on ip ]^ea]ip micel ^ mon nau]?eji ne pealpa ne baj?u •

ne onle-^ena ?e]i to nybe • asji him mon blob Isete j^am

V J'e pel a blobej^p hsep -^ septeyi ]?on ]7e pe lichoma lie

J>ujih ]>ii bloblsepe jeclsenpab -^ );pef mannep bileopa*^
if CO bej'ceapianne • sepefc him jp to j-ellanne f
];one mnoS fcille -j fme]7e • ne fie pceajip ne to apop •
ne plitenbe • ne fpijene • relc b]\o]> ip to popjanne
poji ];on ])e hit bij) jnnbenbe "j ypele paetan ]'ypie]; •
jejjui fiiit to popjanne pop]7on])e hipa p?ete biS pset -j
mapan hiBto pyjicS • hlapej- cjiuman jip hie beoj^ op-
|>a?nbe oj^j^e jepobene fint to Jncjanne ac na to fpiSe •
oj)jie j'tetan' mete jeajipa -j cocnunja ealle fmt to
}:o]ibeobanne • 'j eal ];'a ppetan ]nn^ -^ ]>{i fraepepijan *j
ofcephlapaf ^ 'j eall f])ete jnnj ]»e pypcaS ajjunbeneppe •
je j^a pceappan a]-pan j^m^ fmt to pleonne* po]i]>on ]je

' clseymeu, MS.

'-' claej-na, MS.

■'Alexander Trallianns, p. 127,
line 9, ed. 1548, by the general
sense.

•■ Et aT/xa TrAeovafei.

•'■ t;ecl8efnab, MS.
" Alex, ut supra, line 17.
" ReadhpaDtene ; ra Si aWa. iravra
(riTwSrj.

^ The Saxon leech skips four
i lines of Alexandres of Tralles.

LEECH BOOK. II. 211

wash it out by those lueaus ; after that, hiy thereon liook ii.
what may cleanse the wound. If it turn oft' very im- *"''• ^^"
pure, cleanse it with honey and draw it again come
together. Again, when the insensible hardening of the
liver is of too long duration, then it forms a dropsy
which cannot be cured. But one must soon at the
outset emplo}^ the before named fomentations ; let him
drink nothing new, and if the liversick man have too
much blood, then one must, before all other leechdoms,
let him blood from the right arm on the nether vein.
If that may not easily be got at, then shall n man
let blood upon the middle vein; they who do it not,
come into mickle difficulties.

XXlll.

Herp we treat of what a onan must forego in Vwi-v
disease, what he must hold by, whether in leechdoms
or in diet. For as much as there is much need that for
a man who has much blood one should employ neithei-
salves, nor baths, nor external applications, ere he be
let blood ; after the body is cleansed through the blood-
letting, the mans diet is to be examined : first must
be given him what may still and soothe the inwards,
what is neither sharp nor too austere, nor rending, nor
caustic ; all broth ' must be foregone because it is in-
flating and worketh evil humours ; eggs must be fore-
gone because their liquor is fat and worketh more
heat; crumbs of bread, if they be moistened or sodden,
may l)e eaten, but not in excess ; other wet [Avheaten j
meat-preparations, and cookings up must be forbid-
den, and all the moist things and greasy, and
oyster patties,^ and all sweet things which work in-
flation. Yea the sharp austere things'^ must be

'■ Zs'juo. I ' Tix TTV(povTa; but just above

-' boTTpaKiZtptia, shell fish. | afO)» translated Spiixv,

o 2

212 LMCE BOC.

]?a finic jroptynenbe j^a mnoj^aj' • "j i^efamnaS ];one fpile
\/ "j uny];ielice inelcalS • ]:o]i eionne seppla •' ne pm nij' co
j'ellanne • yo]\ Son ])e hie liabLacS harne. h\\?e]> • ]?am i)"
ro jncjanue linj-ceajip pin • eac pceal mon oxuinellif *
j-ellan p biS oj: ecebe -j op hunije jepojiliC bpenc
fu]?e]\ne • 'j ];onne onjin^ ];a3]ie liseto pelm panian
fpijjofc jmjili i!)a micjean • "j him i]- co pellanne lac-
tucaf*"'' 'j fu}?epne popij"* mnepeapb. Tacn'^ ]3 fe Ipile
];'pman ne nia^j • ne utrypnan on prppe lippe • p fe
mon h?epS liepij yaji on ni]>epea]ib]ie lippe barium •
emne fpa he pie mib hpilepe hpeja byp]>enne jehepejob
on ]?aepe fpi]7pan healpe • 'j ntepS he pepjiep hseco on
l^am bsehim • ]?am men fmt: to j-ellanne ]?a bpmcan -j
yn Ifecebomaf j^a 6e pe Isepbon f mon bybe to ]?a^]ie
fol. 79 i>. nnjepelan heapbneppe onjunnenpe on }?8epe hppe jeli-

nej'cije mib ])y f pojifetene ypel • ^ip hpa ]?one la^ce-
bom bej> CO j^e ]?a popfetcan j^mj ontyne *j ucceo a^^ji
}»on Se he ]?one pojiheajiboban fpile jehnepce • pene]> f
\/ he hic bete • jip ]?pep aht bi'S laspeb ]7a3]' heapban • ne

])et lie hit ac ]>ypc • -j ^'^pi^sj' ^^^^ \Y l^cebome ];a
]ia^'Can -j pip^ ]'« ipilt^ fpa heapb fpa ftan • *j ne ma^j
lime mon jemelcan ne jehnepcian.^

.XXIIII.

Pyjitbjiencaj- pit) eallum hpeji ablum • pypce mon
CO bjiencum hpeji feocum mannum • iiiepcef " pi^eb •
bilep . pepmobep • ]?y jemece ];»e la?caf cunnon jnib on
ppecep pele bjiincan. 6pt^ cofcep 'j pipojiej- bufc -j
o}>pa pyjica ]7ifnm jelica bjimce .ill. bajap • *j hcje on

' For potai, ■pomegranates.

- As before, foot of page ; miss-
ing four lines.

' For TO acrap, asaiiim Europaum,
and maum, meum.

make a new chapter here, p. 127,
line 6, ed. 1548. The Saxon ver-
sion is free.

''■ This passage ends at Alex.
Trail., p. 127, line 16, ed. 1548,

' For nardus keltica. Valeriatia c. , " From Alex. Trallianiis, p. 129,

The Saxon perhaps moans G/oj/c/m/h , line 24, ed 1548, with omission of
luleum. Cf. Dioskorid. I. vii. asarabucca and almonds.

^The editions of Alex. Trail. « Alex. Trail., p. 129, Ime 32.

LEECH BOOK. 11. 21."

avoided, inasmuch as they have a bad etfect in clo.sini; Book il.
the inwards, and they collect the swelling, and it doth ^'''•-■^^'•'
not easily disperse,^ hence neither apples nor wine
must be given, since they have a hot breath or (ironia.
The man must take a not sharp wine ; one must also
give him some oxymel, which is a southern or Italkni
drink, wrought of vinegar and of honey : and when
the burning of the heat bcginneth to wane away,
chiefly through the mie, he must have lettuces and
the inward part of southern poppy. Tokens that the
swelling in the liver may not abate, nor run off; that
that man hath a heavy sore in the parts of the nether
liver, even as if he were weighted with something of
a burden in the right side, and he hath not a heat of
fever in these parts. To such a man must be given
the drinks and the leechdoms, which we taught one
should use for the insensible hardness begun in the
liver ; with them let him make the obstructive mischief
nesh. If any one applietli the leechdom Avhich unlocketh
and draweth out the obstinately lodged matters, before
he hath made nesh the badly hardened swelling, he
weeneth that he is amending it ; hut if there be aught
left of the hard inatter, he amendeth it not, but
harmethj and with the leechdom he drietli the hu-
mours, and the swelling becometh as hard as a stone,
and it cannot be dissipated nor be made nesh.

xxiv.

Wort drinks for all liver diseases : let one work for
drinks for a liversick man, seed of marche, of dill,
of wormwood, rub these fine into water in the manner
in which leeches ken hovj, ami give to drink. Again,
let the patient drink for three days dust of costmary,
and of pepper, and of other worts like these, and let
him lie on the right side for half an hour, and drink

' Tovs uyKova dva(popi}TOvs ijiyaC^rm.

fol. 80 a.

214 L^CE EOC.

]>a ipibpan I'lban liealfe tib -j bjunce ej:t on cejiemic •
Iiealbc hme ];onne yi]) eceb. pi)? bae]?' ]n]> pifaii -j
beana • -j iiiepai" • -j pij> ])a Jiinj ]>e pmbijne rej^m'ou men
I'yjiceii. 6ft; ^ cofc • j:enum jpecum j)ipo]i liapan cyjiblu
calpa emfela • jebeaC o]?]>e jejnib -j apipte • jebo cucleji
pulne "pssy on pin pele bpmcan Jnxm ]?e bucan pepjie
I'le • Jmem Se pepep liaabbe ]3 "ip micel lireco -j hjiuS'''
]'ele J?am on peapmum paecejie • jelicje ]wnne on ]>a
fpi|?paii fiban 'j alecje Lip lpi]?]mii hanb Imn unbeji
beapob ajieabte heaipe tib.'* Gy-c j'yptbpencaf yi]) lipeji
able • claeppan peapep .ii. lytle bollan pulle mib lytle
hunije 5emen-i;be • bo peaji pulne jebieccep pmel" ro
]ele bjimcan J'jiy bajaf jip bpitt; yplej- on |7£epe'^ bib
ie bpenc lacnaS. 6pr pilbjie mealpan feapep ]?py lyfcle

•^ Koad yiiWv. bollan pullaii ^ jenienjbe pij? fpilc cu pietejief pele bjiin-
can .nil. bajaf • *j ^ip htm hpib abl ^eten^e bib |;a
robpi):|> pe pyjit: bpenc. Gpt ptn cymen -j buni;^
T;e;5nib toSorane pele bjimcan. Gpr ipij cjioppena on
j'am monSe jejabejiob J7e pe hataS lanuajimp on Iteben •
•j on enjlifc pe a^ptepjia jeola • ptp *j xx. ^ pipojiep eac
Ipa • jejnib J;onne mib J^y felefcan pme • *j jehtete pele
|7am feocan men neahtnefcijnin bjiincaii. Liiecebom pi6
lipeji able epc caulep tpiju o]?])e i'celan mib ]>am cjiop-
pum abpije cbenbce bsepne to abfan jehealb J^a alipan"
'j I'onne ]?ea]ip fie jebo ];fe]ie abfan cucleji pnlne mib

fol. 80 b. . XL jejnibenjui pipoji copna on (!alb fpipc liluttoji . .

. ." jeba;':; jjonne pele bpmcan o|7pe ]-i];e nijon copn •
ppibban frSe feopon. Lascebom pj]> lippe able ept laupe)'
cpoppan -j pipopep copna .xx. jejmb fmale • jebo on
bollan pulne ealbep pmep • -j jemenj "cojsebepe mib

' The text of AleX. Tra, 1528, j * This last clause, not in the text

htiH $a\dvoiy, but Albanus Torinus of Alex. Tr., is in the Latin of

" balneum."' Albanus Torinu.s.

-■ Alex. Trail., p. l-'iO, line •'), cd, ' Add li)pe, omitted in MS.

1548. '' Some word, perhaps y\n, is

^ Otherwise found hpuN. lure omitted by ^IS.

7

LEECH BOOK. I [. 215

again in the evening. Let him withhold himself also K«>ok.ii
from vinegar, from the bath, from peas, and beans,
and navews, and from the things which work in a man
a windy vapour. Again, beat or rub up and sift
eostmary, fenugreek, pepper, hares treadles, equal quan-
tities of all ; put a spoon full of this into wine, and
give it to him who is without fever, to drink. To
him who hath fever, that is mickle heat and fire,' give
it in warm water ; then let him lie on the rio-ht side
and lay his right hand stretched out under his head, f(jr
half an hour. Again, wortdrinks for liver disease : to
two little bowls full of juice of clover mingled with a
little honey, add a bowl full of heated wine ; give this
to be drunk for three days, if anything of evil be on
the liver, the drink will cure it. Again, give to drink
for four days, three little bowls full of the juice of
wild mallow, mingled with two such of water . and if
fever disease be on him, the wort drink drivetli it
away. Again, rub together wine, cummin, and honey,
give him this to drink. Again, five and twenty bunches
of ivy berries, gathered in the month which we hight
in Latin Januarius, and in English the second Yule,
and of pepper as much, rub the-'<e up with the best
wine, and heat it ; give it to the sick man, aftei-
his nights fasting, to drink. A leechdom again foi-
liver disease : dry clean some twigs or stalks of cole-
wort with the flower heads, burn them to ashes, store
the ashes, and when occasion is, put a spoon full of
the ashes with eleven ground pepper corns into old
very clear vjine, then heat it, give to be drunk the
next time nine corns, the third time seven. A leech-
dom again for liver disease : rub small a bunch of bay
berries and twenty pepper corns, put them into a bowl
full of old wine, and mingle them together with a glowing

' Properly fever; the 8axoii seems to interpret Fever, as
Latinisni, by pure English words.

21G

LMCE BOC.

jlopenbe ij-ene yele bjuncan *j ^elicje fnille. ]}i\> lijijie
abluni jmban j'ceapij- ]j]iy jebo on pme cjTOCcan -j ]>)iy
Ducle l)o]lan pulle ])fecepel" opeppylle o]> |?ODe jjpibban
bsel 'j Ipere fpiSe mib Imnije -j ]7omie ept opeppylle
n/ j'ele bjiincan". Gpt pmcjieopep ]7a jjienan tpijii upe-
]>eajib ^ejmb on j5 pelefce pm pele bpnican. 6pc heo-
jiotep lungena mib ]?iejie )>]iotan afppmblab -j aj^eneb *j
abjujeb on jiece • -j |?onne hie pul pel abpujobe lynb
jebpyte "j jepiib -j |>onne jepomna mib Imnije pele
CO etanne lipep j-eocum men f ly lialpenbe laeceboiu.
jtp lipep peaxe bpince fe man fpipolne bpeuc. bpmce
■^9 epc pucan asptep ])on beon bjioS "j msenije o]?pe psetan •

(»]']ie jnican bpince pepmob on maxpypte apyllebe • *j
fol. 81 a. nane oj^jie j^ascan -j ealipep hacte pyjit aj^ylle ]>a eac on

maxpyjite bjiince ]7pibban pucan -j nanne o]?ejine^ pa3'can.
(Djiuice teptep^ Ipeopolne bjienc ane pi|?e.

.XXV.

JJBli line tacn Ipeotol be pambc copum -j ablum ^
liu mon ]7a ypelan pa;taii J^pepe pambe lacnian i'cyle •
I'onnc pamb abl topeajib lie }?onne beo]? ]>a tacn.
]?eiit - liie fio painb -j lipy^ "j jepelS jaji ])oniie
fe mon mete j^ijeS -j punjetunja "j unliilb metep.
Ciieop liatiaS^ lenbenu liepejiaS -j tojette]^ betpeox
rculbjuiin -j eall liclioma luicce m?elum hepejaS 'j latia^
|7a pet • -j ]7a lipan papa lenbena pajuaS • ponne mon
pap tacn onjite • ]wnne ip fe tepefta Itecebom bte^-
pseften f mon inib ]iy pa pambe clrenj-ije^ f hio py ]?e

' Tlic cliango of gender is accord-
ing to the MS.

- Diokles apud I'auUuiu jiEginc-

tarn : col. 376, B. in Mediciu Artis
Priiicipcs, for five lines only.

^ Gravaiitur, Lat., healcia'5 'i

' clajj-nige, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 217

iron, y-ive to the ■j'^cttient to dv'mk, and let liiiii lie slill. Book 11,
For liver diseases ; put three bundles of rue into wiuc
in a crock, and three niickle bowls full of water, lioil
them down to the third part, and sweeten them tho-
rouglily with honey, and then again boil off; give tkis
to be drunk. Again, rub into the best wine the upper
part of the green twigs of a pine tree ; administer this.
Again, a harts lungs Avith the throat ripped up, and
s))read out, and dried in the reek; and when they are
full well dried, break them and rub them isDiall and
then collect them with honey; give tlds to the liver-
sick man to eat ; it is a healing leechdom. If tlie
liver wax large, let the man drink an emetic drink.
Again, for a week after that let him drink bean broth
and no other liquid, next week let him drink worm-
wood boiled in mashwort, and no other liquid, and
there is a wort called ealiver,^ boil that also in masli-
wort, let him drink that for the third week and no
other liquid. Let him drink after that an emetic drink
for one turn.

XXV.

Here are plain tokens of disorders and sicknesses of
tjje wamb, and how a man shall cure the evil humour;^
of the wamb. When wamb disease is present then the
tokens are ; the wamb turneth itself, and is fevered,
and feeleth sore when the man eateth meat, and prick-
ings, and loss of appetite for meat. The knees are
slow, the loins are heavy, and there are spasms be-
tween the shoulders, and all the body by piece meal'
is heavy, and the feet are tardy, smd the muscles of the
loins are sore ; when a man observes these tokens, then
the first leechdom is a days fasting, that with that he
may cleanse the wamb, that it may be the lighter. Well,

' Jack in the heclye ; Eri/simum I - citia occasionem,'' the modern
alliaria. I translation of the imprinted Greek.

218 LMCE BOC.

leohtjie j-ie • jt]: fio abl fie ]?onne ^it peaxeubc yxkc
.11. bajaj' cojaibejie jtp liim msejen jelsefce • jip he ]?
lie maeje yelle hiiii mon leolitej' lipsec hpeja to ]nc-
l^aniie fpa fBjpu beoS -j Son' jeltc. Sume to )7a3pe
parabe clajnpunja- feopaS iietelan on psetpe "j on
pine • "j on ele • fume psepe peaban netlan tpiju

fol. 'SI 1). :i;]iene • fume beran o]?]>e boccan'^ on jefpettiini pme

feo|?aS 'j pella^ to jjicjenne • "j jip fio abl majie pypS
•j fe peoca man ]5 mjipjen hrepS ])onne feo];an Iiie him
frjienjpan pyjita 'j bo\> hpaet hpeja pipeji to ; Sceapijc
inon jeojme hpilc pe utjanj fie ]>e micel ]>e lytel }>e Jjseji
nan ne fie • leopnije be ]7on pe lasce liu him jnnce
];piet mon bon j-cule • jip ]> fie omihte pa>te mnan
uubupnenu tyhte hie mon ut niib hj>um mettum fiii-
cenbum -j ne Iset mne jefittan on ])am hchoman 'j
])y]iS jejabejiobu omi^; paete on psejie panibe 0(55e
(»n ]?am fmfel|7eapme • -j nsepS j^onne iitjanj fio fcojj
ac bib apyjibeb fio fcop -j ]*e maja onpent -j tobpocen
■j f heapob ajiputen *j j-aji • "j ];a Inno})ap ablapene "j
liace pep] lap • "j micel jmpfc -j eallep hchoman abhi
))eo]iJ?a8 apeahte. Sceal mon laenian fpilce able jip he
pf'pep naip5 • raib cu meolcum o'SSe jate fpa nije mol-
cenc bpmoe. 6ac hylpS jip mon mib ea fcanum on-
biepnebum • o]>]ye mib hatene ifene ])a meoliic jepypb

fol. 82 a. .-j j-el|? bpincan • -j ^ip ]> bi]; jeonj man -j ]ni tib hsepb

•j mihce Iniii mon pceal op eapme blob fpij^e hetan
■j ynib .III. niht bpnce ept pa meoluc.

' ^011, MS. 1 •■' I'aul, ^Egin,, as before.

- cl8e|-nun5a, MS. |

LEECH BOOK. 11. 219

if the disease be still on the increase, let Jam last for ^^''^ ^^■

two days together, if his strength will endure it ; ii"

lie be not able to do that, let him have somewhat

light to eat, as eggs be and the like of them. Some,

for the cleansing of the wamb, seethe nettle in water,

and in wine, and in oil, some seethe in sweetened wine

twigs of red nettle green, some beet or dock, and give

this to be taken; and if the disease groweth stronger,

and the sick man hath the strength for it, then they

seethe stronger worts and add some little pejjper. Let

it be earnestly observed what the outgang, or /cecal

discharge, is, whether mickle, or little, or whether there

be none ; let the leech learn by that how it seems to

liim a, man shonld act. If there be an inflammatory

flagrant humour within, let it be got out by gentle

aperient diet, and let it not lodge within in the

l)ody, for then there will be gathered an inflammatory

humour in the wamb, or in the small guts, and then

the place has no passage out, but the spot is corrupted,

and the maw is disturbed and upbroken, and the head

is vexed and sore, and the inwards upblown ; and hot

fevers, and mickle thirst, and diseases of all the body

become awakened. Such a disease must be treated, if

the iKttient have no fever, with cows milk, or let him

drink goats milk newly milked. Also it helpeth if a

mail with water stones' put in the fire, or with heated

iron, turneth the milk and so giveth it to be dnmk ;

and if it be a young man and he hatli a suitable time

for it and strength to hear it, he must be fi-eely let

blood from the arm, and let him drink the milk for

about three days.

' Unclci'Htaud such stones as ■\vould bear to be heated and phiugcd ill
AVater.

220

L^CE BOC.

V

.XXVI.

Be pauilje colaim -j 51]: liio iiiiiaii puiib bij? liu
]? mou onjitaii iiiseje *j Telacniau • rejieli; jiy liijie
brS 611 mnan punb ];onne bi]? j^sep yaji -j beotunja -j
j;el'ceo]i]: • "j ]7onne hie mece j'lcjeaS -j bjiinca^ ]7onne
plata'S hie -j biS hiopa muS jiul -j hju'cSia^ -j liipa
iicjanj blobij -j f-cincS y]-"ele • bam mannum ]-ceal man
jellan sejjia co jmpanne • bejien bjieab clasne nipe
butejian -j nij'e bejien mela o^Se jpytca tojaebpe
3;ebpipeb Ipa cocaf cuniion • ]"elle mon neahtneytijum,
Gft pylena j'eaj^ -j pe;5b]ui;baii meiije inoii piS apeopeii
hunij pelle neahtneptijum. 6ac pi}? ]wn bo man jobc
jealpa^ onlejena utaii to J7a pe p yjzel lir reou eaS-
mylce meucaf 'j fciji fin -j l"me]?e.

.XXVII,

be pambe ini]-Senhc]ic jecyiibo oc^be jjaejie luijbyjibo
hii ]y mou mseje onjican. bonne- hio biS hatpe
T;ebypbo 'j jecynbo • J>oniie msej hipe j'ona lytel bjimca

fol. S2b. helpan* ^tp he majia bi]? ye bjnnca Ibna bi]> peo paml?

^ ^ehepejob -j cloccec fpa fpa hiC on cylle^ plecjece -j je-

pihb bpuim mettum jonne fio pgere pamb ne ];popaS )-eo
]'iipi'~ -j lio fpiSe pajtrjie jecynbo bij? ne j^jioj'a'S leo ]>ii]ifi:: ne
hepijneppe metta • -j jepihS psetum meccuin. be hatpe
jccynbo pambe- Sio pamb feo ]ye biS hatjie jecynbo
i"io melt mete pel lpi]?oit ]?a ]?e heajibe beocS -j linea'S
my Ice "j jepih^ peapmum mettum "j bpmcum • -j ne
bi]? hipe jel'ceSeb ppam cealbum mettum nub ^eniete
jej^ijbum. Seo J^e biS j^a^cepijpe 5ec3aibo lio hpepS
jobe jipncjye metep • hio luepS jobe meltuuje fpij^olt
on jjam mettum ]'e uneaSe raelte beoS • jepihS cealbum

' Ivcad j-ealja ~i ?

- Twelve lines found in Aetius
Tetrabibl. I. Seom. iv. capp. Ixxii.,
Ixxiii., Ixxiv., consecutively; also in
Taulus of iEgina, lib. I. cap. Ixiv.

^ By the printed books ] ylle
would Hceni to be the true reading.
" Fluctuationes habeaut, si id quod
" redundat, innatet."

LEECH BOOK. TI. 221

XXVI.

Of sickness of tho wanib, unci if it be wounded
within, how a man may understand that and cure it.
First if there be a wound upon it within, then is tliere
sore, and grumblings, and irritation ; and when tliey
take meat and drink, then they liave nausea, and tlioir
mouth is foul, and they are fevered, and their discharge
is bloody and stinketh foully : to those men shall be
given eggs to sup up, barley bread, clean new butter,
and new barley meal or groats made into a brewit
together, as cooks ken to do ; let it be administered to
them after their nights fast. Again, let one mingle
juice of peas and waybroad Avith strained honey, and
give it after the nights fast. Again for that, let one
apply good salves, and external applications, such as
may draw out that evil, also easily digested meats, and
sheer and smooth wine.

XXVll.

Of the various nature of the wamb or of its caprice,
how a man may rmderstand that. When it is of a
liot temper and nature, then a little drink may soon
help it. If the drink be more powerful soon tlie wamb
is oppressed and palpitates, as if in cold it were
])eating, and it rejoiceth in dry meats. When the
wamb is moist it doth not suffer thirst, and it is of a
very moist nature ; it doth not suffer thirst nor heavi-
ness from meats, and it rejoiceth in moist meats. Of
the hot natnre of the wamb. The wamb, that namely
which is of a hot nature, digests meats well, especially
those which be hard and of difficult digestion, and
rejoices in warm meats and drinks, and it is not harmed
by cold meats, taken with moderation. That whicli
is of a w\atery nature hath a good appetite for meat ;
it hath not a good digestion, chiefly of the meats
which be of difficult digestion, it rejoices in cold meats.

Book ir.

Oil. xxvi.

900

LMCE P.or

U. 83 n.

fol. 83 1)

P

meccum. be cealbpe ^j ]>gQZ]\e jecynbo ])ambe. Sio
panib l"io (5e biS cealbjie oS8e ptetjie jecynbo oSSe
mi]-by]ibo • htm cymS bjifejenep ahl -j unjepitpsej-cney
him bi5 • '-J ponne fio }:o]ib]ui;i;abe ;5ecynho on ]mm
i'mum -j on ]?am banura h\]> • f ]ni j-yn pojijjyjijiobe
))onne ne mi©^ raon ]?a jelacnian • pp hio )>onne bi]>
mnoji on |?am ptepcehrnm fropum mib lynbjiijum
I'rojHim -j precinjnm -j met'cum f mon maij jelacnian
j'cnben op ])iP]\e hpjie fio blobpceapuni; jeonb jet ealne
jjone hchoman. Selefc Icxcebom ip to fpilcum Jnnpim
■]> raon jelome nyttije picep^ -j ]>a pambe mib ]'y
jeplea ]'onne hio jepyjimebu lie -j ba]/u op jien pretepe
•j nije molcen meoluc nub hunije jefmejwb him beah •
bajnje hme jelome on bseje -j hpilum mib ele fmipe.'
IDim hylp^ eac f him pet cilb ' aetplape • ^ ]> lie •]>
;^ebo neah hip pambe i'lmle • him hylpS eac open baceii
hhap^ "j pcellehre pipcaf on ))ole -^ -j J)one mete ])e pel
mylcan pille. be hatjie^ *j bjiijpe pambe jtp j-io ])amb
abhj brS hat hptet hpeja • eac J^sepe bpijnepj-e • ]>onne
ne j'ceal he hunijep onbitan ac ealb ]nn j'losce mettaf •
jip pio yple paste to micel fie • J>onne bnjon him
cealb ]?a3tep 'j pceappe mettaf butan hastu • hpilnm
beo]? J>a peetan on ])ie\\e pambe pilmenum • ];onne
]'ceal mon ]) piplice lecean -j pseplice clsenpian- mib
alpan • 'j mib fpelciim lityjmenbum bpencum ateon ur
ja hophehtan j^tetan. jjpiene mib \)y sejieft -j );onne
pyjice leohte fpipole bpencap op ]i£ebice Ipa ]3 la?eap
cunnon. be hgemebjnnjum^ eallum J>ypjium lichomum
hsemebjnnj ne bujon ac fpi];oft ])yppum -j cealbum •
ne bepe|> hit liatum 'j jjsetum j'yppefc liiS ]?am ceal-
ban hatan* Ipijjoit pam Se hopnable habba'5. Spelcum
maniuim beah \> liie htm T;efpinc anjefecen 'j hie pelpe

' Oribasius Synops., lib. V. liii. ;

also Paulus ^gineta, lib. I. Ixxii,
■-' daepian, MH.
'■' Five or six lineR found in

Paulus JEgineta, lib. I. cap. Ixxi. in
Med. Art. Priuc.

* Read psetan from the original.

f

LEECH BOOK. TT. 223

Of tlie cold and inoist natnred \vainl>. Tho avjuuIi I'-coK II.

wliich is of a cold or inoist iiatnie or caprice; on ilic

man cometli disease of tlio ]»raiu and loss of his senses;

and when the desiccated nature is upon the sinews

and on the l)ones, so that they are dried up, then

they cannot be cured. Then if this dryne^ss be more

within on the fleshy parts, one may cure that witli change

of residence, and wettings, and meats, as long as from

the liver the blood gushes through the whole body.

The l)est leechdoni for such tilings is, that a man

should frequently make use of pitch, and strike the

wamb with it, when it is warmed ; and baths of rain

water, and newly milked milk, softened with honey, is

good for tlie patient. Let him bathe himself frequently

in the day, and at whiles smear himself with oil. It

is also helpful to him that a fat child should sleep by

him, and that he should put it always near his wamb.

Oven baked bread also helpeth him, and sliell fishes

in liquor, and (let him eat) the meat which will readily

digest. Of the hot and dry wamb, if the diseased

wamb be somewhat hot, besides, for the dryness ;

then shall the ixdicnt not taste of honey, but old wine

and lukewarm meats. If the evil humour be too

mickle, then are good for liim cold water, and sharp

meats without lieat. At whiles the humours be on

the membranes of the wamb ; then shall a man wisely

seek into that, and warily cleanse them with aloes,

and draw out the turbid humours with such purging

drinks : first clear the vjamh Avith them, and then

work light emetic drinks of radish, as leeches ken

how to do it. Of venery: to all dry constitutions

venery is not beneficial ; but most to dry and cold

ones ; it harmeth not hot and wet ones ; it is worst

for the cold moist ones and them which have

disorder of the gastric juices. To sucli men it is of

benefit that they should seek to themselves exercise,

and should dose themselves, without bath, and with

a

224 L^CE BOC.

bjiencen' Imtan baSe -j mib fmi]iene)')'um liie fmejipan.
be cealbpe jecynbo pambe. Se ];e cealbjie jecynbo fie
iiyctije fe jemetliee)' ypelep fpilce pe ];e bjiijpe oSSe
pfetpe fie, Se ]>e liattpe fie fio 7;e5ab]ia]; oman • ba
moil pceal jip hie ni];e]i beo'S Jnijih ]ni ])ambe ncj'ih-
ran niih pyptbpence tic abon • jtp Ine tipfcij^en |>n]ih
fpijijaii ]'ceal mon ape^ abon.

.XXVIII.

c

-J pi]; pon^ pe mannep ]3 uYeppe hpip fie jepylleb mib

ypelpe ptecan liojihelitpe p ]?am manniim jelimpS ])e on
fol. S4 n. miclum ^ebpmce pel pebenbe mettaf jncjeaS oj'jye fpipa'S

•j fpijnift: {leprep mete "j him bi5 plsetta jetenje •
beoS jeonb b]a]>ene -j bi6 fio pamb aj^eneb -j hjia^cra'S
Telome. Sam monnnm pceal ^ pellan oxumelle mib
jipebice p ip fuj^epne Irecebom- "j ];onne fpipaS hie pona
J^one Jnccan hoph -j him bij) pel. Geyf]\c'^ ])e Ireeebom
|)up op ecebe -j op hunije • jentm ]3 j-elefre hnnij bo
opep heopS apeo]; ]> peax 'j p lipot op • ^ebo Sonne Co
];am hunije empela ecebef |?a3p ne fie fpi]>e apoji ne fpiSe
fpete menj to jsebepe 'j bo to pype on cpoccan opeji
pylle on i^obum jlebum clfenuiii -j cpicum o]> ]5 hic fie
jemenjeb j) hit fie an "j haebbe hunijep Jjicneppe 'j ne
fie on bepjnej-j'e to fpeotol ]?aep ecebep appe pceappnep •
jip fio pamb 111]? pmbe]- pull ])onne cym^ \> op plaepe
pretan • fi'o cealbe p.ete pyjicj? j-apan. ])i]> ])on. j-ceal mon
feo];an cymen on ele • -j mepcej- yveh • -j mojian fseb •
'j bilep • jip pe cyle fie mapa bo ];onne puban -j laupej-
blebe • 'j pmolep j'seb jepoben on ele • jip ]?onne jit
y fio abl ejle jebjnnje nine j^uph piipan o^be hojm fj'a

' " Victus attenuans," Lat. ver- ; ' Oribasius Med. Coll., lib. V., cap.
sion of P. YEgin. xxiv. ; torn, i., p. 395, ed. Darem-

■-■ Niuc lines found in Paiilus { berg. Also Galenos, vol. VI.

.^vgiueta, lib. I. cap. xli. | p. 271, ed. Klihn.

■ Kead rceal mon.

LEECH ]]O0K. 1[. 22.')

smearings smear themselves. Of tlic cold nature of tlio Book ir.
wamb ; he who is of a cold mxture should avail him- ^''- ^^'^"•
self of moderate discipline, as he who is of a dry or
moist nature. He who is of a hot nature, with hini
the luamh gathereth inflammatory humours ; these, if
they be low down, one must get rid of by wort drinks,
through purging of the wamb ; if they mount up higli
one must get rid of them by vomitings.

XXVlll.

In case that the upper part of the bell}' is
filled with evil sordid humour, a thing which hap-
peneth to the men who in much continued drinking
take nutritious meats, or who spew, and chiefly after
meat, and who are subject to nausea, they are all
over blown as tvith wind, and the wamb is extended
and they frequently have breakings. To these men
one must give oxymel with radish ; that is a southern
leechdom : and then they soon spew up the thick cor-
ruption, and it is well with them. Work up the leech-
dom thus, from vinegar and from honey ; take the
best honey, put it over the hearth, seethe away the
wax and the scum, then add to the honey as much
vinegar, so as that it may not be very austere nor
very sweet ; mingle together, and set by the fire in a
crock, boil upon good gledes, clean and lively, till Lhe
TTiixture be mingled, so that it may be one, and have
the thickness of honey, and on tasting it the austere
sharpness of the vinegar may not be too evident. If
the wamb is full of wind, that cometh from luke-
warm humour ; the cold humour worketh sores. For
that shall one seethe cummin in ale, and seed of
march, and seed of more o?' carot, and of dill. If
the chill be greater, then add rue, and leaf of laurel,
and seed of fennel sodden in oil. Then if the disease
still annoy, introduce this through a pipe or a horn, as
VOL. IL P

226

L.ECE BOC,

Isecaj' cunnan J;onne be]> f f j-aji apej. jip j^omie jit
fol. 84 b. fio abl ejle bo fpacl co *j jelaupebne ele f ly laupe]'

feap oBSe blofcman jemenjeb -j eac o)?}vu Jniij 51)1
j^eapf fie fece mon.

.XXVIIII.

PiJ? ]70n J)e men mete untela melee -j jecippe on
ypele pseran -j feittan • Jjam monnum beah f hie fpipen •
jip lum CO unea]7e ne fie • jejpemme mib pyptbpence
>p he fpipe • f he mib jefpette pine jepyjice jip ]?8ep
opejijjeapp fie seji mere f he fpipan mseje • pleo ]>a,
V meccaf ]?a j^e hmi bylfca -j popb^jmunja 'j fciem on

Innan pypcen -j to hjisebhce melcan • j^icjen ]>& Se 50b
peap pypcen -j pambe hnepcen. JDpikim him beah f
him mon pelle leohte pyptbpencap fpilce fpa biS pel
^eteab alpe. Seo psefce pypc]? -^ly hie mon ne bej> apej
uneaj^lacna abla f ip por p?epc • h|j psepc • lenben
p^pc "j Oft fcpanj pepep becymS on J>a men ]?e }>a
able habbaS.

.XXX.

Qip ^ ]>u. piUe ]3 ];in pamb pie fimle jefunb ]?onne
pcealc u liipe |;ap tiluin jip ]m pilt • jepceapa ?elce
bseje f ]7in uc^onj -j micje fie jefunbhc septep pihte •
jtp fio micje fie lytelu feo8 mepce -j pmul pypc 50b
bpoS • oSSe peap ^ -j oJ?pa fpeta pypta • ^ip j-e utjan;^ fie
Iseppa^ mm Sa pypt ])e hatte on fujjepne tepebmtma fpa
micel fpa ele bepje • pele Jjonne to pefte jan piUe. baf
pypta fmbon eac betfce to pon -j eaS bejeatpa • bete • -j

' The substance is found in Pau-
lus Mg., I. xliii.

- j'eap : the name of some Avort is
omitted in MS. ; or strike out 'j.

' Four lines occur in Paulus of
^gina, hb. I., cap. xliii.

LEECH BOOK. II. 227

leeches ken to do it; then it removes the sore. If r-.okir.
however the disease still vex, add spittle and laurelled '' '^'^^"'"
oil, that is to say, juice or blossoms of laurel mingled
with oil, and if need be, let also other things be
sougfht out.

XXIX.

In case a "mans" meat doth not well digest, and
turneth to evil humour and to excrement, it is good
for those " men " tliat " they " should spew, if it be
not too uneasy to "him," irritate him to spew by a
wort driniv. If there be extreme need that he may
be able to spew before meat, let him manage that
with sweetened wine. Let him flee the meats which
work him mucus, and burnings, and heat in his inside,
and which too readily digest : let him take those
which work a good juice, and make the wamb nesh.
At whiles it is good for him that one should give
him light wort drinks, such as are aloes Avell pre-
pared. The humour, if one doth not get rid of it,
worketh not easily cured diseases, that is to say, foot
pain, joint pain, loins pain ; and often a strong fever
Cometh on the men who have that disease.

XXX.

If thou wish that thy wamb be always sound, then
shalt thou thus treat it, if thou wilt. Look to it every
day that thy fsecal discharge, and thy mie, be of sound
aspect as right is. If the mie be little, seethe marche
and fennel, work a good broth, or seethe juice of
. . . and of other sweet worts. If the fsecal discharge
be too little, take the wort which in southern lands
hight turpentine tree, as much of it as the size of
an olive ; give it the sick when he will go to bed.
These worts are also very good for that, and more

p 2

22S L/ECE BOC.

niealpe • "j bpajyica "j ]nfum jelica jej'ohene {isti;?Dbj\c
mib jeonje fpmef plsej^ce • J^icje ']3 bpocS • "j eac beali^
netle jefoben on pa^tjie • *j jepelo to ]:'iC5anne • *j eac
ellenef leap *j ^ bpoS on Jja ilcan pifan. Sunie alpan
leap pellaS Jjonne raon pile j'lapan jan • fpelc fpa biS
];]ieo beana" jelce bseje ro popfpeljanne -j })ifuni jelice
bjiencaf ^ fpiSjian ^ip J^eajip fie j-ynbon to pellanne •
fpiSoft on popepeajibne lencten seji J)on fio ypele psete fe
J?e on pmtjia jeSomnab biS liie tojeote jeonb ojjejia
lima. COonije^ men ]>se]- ne jymbon ne ne jymaS

fol. 85 b. ];onne becymS op J^am yplum psetum • oSSe fio healp-

beabe abl o]?]7e pylle paspc oSSe fio hpice piepJ?o ];e
mon on fu|?epne leppa liset o];Se tetjia o]jj7e heapob
lipiep^o • o]>]>e Oman. Fop])on pceal mon feji clcenpian* ]?a
yplan psetan apej sep ]?on ]7a ypelan cuman *j jepeaxen
on pmtpa • -j Jja limo jeonb yjmen. ])!]> j'ambe co]:»e
V -j fajie • Imfpebep jei^niben oS8e jebeaten bolla pull •
*j II. pceajipep ecebep opeppylle setjsebepe j-ele bjuncan
nealitneptijum ]?am feocan men. Gpt leje bpeopje
bpoftlan jecopene on ];one napolan fona jeftille]? ; 6pt
bilep fsebej- lytelne^ S^jnib on pseceji j-ele bjimcan.
])i]> pambe coSe 'j pi]? mnepojian fape. bonne pop
miclum cele pamb fie unjepealben • bo Sa Jnnj co ])e j^e
be upan j'jiiton. Tip ])pep ]?onne fie ]??ep hjupep penbnnj
oS(Se jepceopp • jentm J^jieo cpoppan laupef bleba jejiiib
y 'j cymenep • -j petejipilian jynbpije cuclepap puUe • -j
M pipopep .XX. copna • jejnib eall cojsebepe "j j^pie pil-

fol. 8G n. menna on bpibba pambum abpije • a?ptep Son jentm

])8ete]i ^ejnib bile on • -j ];ap J^mj jehaBte pele bjnn-
can • o|? ^ p j'ap jefcilleb fie. ])i]> ]?on ilcan jentm
..y lilap jefeo'b on jate meolce poppije on fuf'epne.^

' Four more lines found in P.
vEg. The Latin version, the origi-
nal being unpublished, has merni-
rialis for nettle.

- The Latin gives, «/wa- as bi</ as I •"' Kead on fiil'ejme hjienc
three vetches. I

^ Paulus iEgineta, lib. I. cap. c,
cites Diokles to similar purport.
■' clsej-nian, MS.
•'• Head lyrelne bx\.

LEECH UOOK. II. 229

easily procured, beet, and mallow, and brassica or cab- l^ook ir.
h'Jbge, and the like to these, sodden together with young »-'^^-
flesh of swine ; let the, man swallow the broth : and
also nettle sodden in water and salted is good to
swallow ; and also leaves of elder and the broth in
the same wise. Some give leaves of aloe, when a man
willeth to go to sleep, as much as three beans, every
day to be swallowed ; and drinks like these, and more
powerful ones, if need be, are to be administered ;
especially in early spring, before the evil humour,
which is collected in winter, spread itself through the
other limbs. Many men have not attended to this, no,
nor do yet ; then there cometh of the evil humours, either
hemiplegia, or epilepsy, or tlie Avhite roughness, which
in the south bight lejDrosy, or tetter, or headroughness,
or erysipelas. Hence one nuist cleanse away the evil
humours before the mischiefs come and wax in the
winter, and run through the limbs. For wamb sick-
ness and sore ; a bowl full of linseed, rubbed or beaten,
and two bowls of sharp vinegar ; boil together, give
to the sick man to drink after his nights fast.
Again, lay chewed pennyroyal on the navel, soon the
pain will be still. Again, rub a small (juantity of the
seed of dill into water, give it to be drunk. For
wamb sickness and sore of the bowels ; when from
much cold the wamb is not under control, do to it
the things which we wrote above ; then if there be a
subversion or irritation of the stomach, take three
bunches of laurel flowers, and separate spoons full of
cummin and of parsley seed (?), and twenty pepper-
corns, rUb all together, and dry three membranes which
are in the wambs of young birds ; after that take water,
rub dill into it, and heat these things ; give the man
this to drink till the sore is stilled. For the same,
take bread and seethe it in goats milk, sop it in a
southern drink, such as Jtydroinel, 'p'^rhaps, or uxijmcl.

230 LMCE BOC.

Pij? pambe coj'e leo^ puban on ele -j J^icje on ele.
6ft; pilbe culppe on ecebe -j on psetpe jefoben yele to
Jjicjenne. pi^ pambe co6e epc laupef leap ceope *j f
leap fpelje -j |>a leap lecje on liif napolan, Sfx: heo-
potep meajih jemylt; pele on harum psetjie bjimcan.
To pambe jemetlicunje • jemm becan abelp "j ahjiipe
ne ]?peali ]?u liie ac fpa lanje feoS on cetele -j pylle
o]? f liio fie eal topoben -j J^icje ^ jeupnen • bo ];onne
lytel pealtep to "j hunijep • V. cucleji msel • elej' cucleji
msel pele bollan pulne. Gpt heapbehtep pojipiep jepo-
benep^ j-ynbpi^ne pele jjicjean. 6pc ]?8epe peaban net-
Ian fseb on hlap pele J^icjean. 6pt bypiijbepjena feap
pelle bpmcan. 6pt plum bleba eCe neahtnefcij. 6pt
elnep pmbe jebeacene fte penmjje peje on cealbep
psetpep bollan pullum pele bpmcan.

^. XXXI.

fol. 86 b. Be pambe copum -j tacnum on poppe *j on fmasl

]?eapmum. Sum cyn biS eac |?sepe ilcan able on Jjsepe
pambe • -j on J>am poppe -j fmsel ]?eapmnm ]?e J>ip biS
to tacne • f hie ]?popiaS ojimsetne ]?upfc • -j metep un-
luft -j opt uc ypna5 jemenjbe ufcjanje hpilum heapb •
lipilum hpit • hpilum opt on bseje litjaS -j ]>onne lyt-
lum • hpilum jene • -j J^onne micel • hpilum hie^ pel
jelyfc utjanjan • -j him ];a bypj^enne ppam apeoppan •
•j jeopne tilian ac ne majon nabbaS f nifejen J7?epe
meltunje -j bpopete'S blob • fpa pon jelicoft |)e tobjio-
cen p8et. be hiopa liipe -j |?am napolan • -j J^am pseje-

' Jjicge, that is jncce. i •' Plainly a chapter nepl KcohiKrjs

" Add cjioppan or the like. oiaBicr^as.

' Kead hme.

LEECH BOOK. II. 231

2. For wamb sickness seethe rue in oil, and let ilw. ^]^^ ^^■
fiicJc swallow it in oil. Again, give him to eat a wild
pigeon sodden in vinegar and in water. For wanib
sickness, again, lot him chow leaves of laurel, and
swallow the juice, and let him lay the leaves on his
navel. Again, give melted harts marrow in hot watei-
to drink. For moderating''^ the action of the wamb ;" Note, p. 165.
take beet, delve it up and shake the mould off, do
not wash it, but seethe and boil it in a kettle so long,
that it be all sodden to pieces, and run thick, then
add a little salt, and of honey five spoon measm-es, of
oil one spoon measure, give the man a bowl full.
Again, give to the sick to eat, separate, the to}) of a
sodden leek, having a head to it. Again, give him to
eat some seed of the red nettle on bread. Again,
give him to drink juice of mulberries. Again, lot him
cat after his nights fasting plum fruits. Again, give
him to drink elder rind beaten, as much as may weigh
a penny, in a bowl full of cold water.

XXXI.

Of wamb sicknesses, and of tokens in the colon and
in the small guts. There is a kind of that ilk disease
in the wamb, and in the colon, and small guts, of which
this will be for a token ; that the sick suffer immoderate
thirst and loss of appetite for meat, and often they
have a flux with a mingled fsecal discharge, at whiles
hard, at whiles white, at whiles they discharge often
in the day and then little at a time, at whiles once
and then much ; at whiles a desire is upon them to
p-o to stool and to cast the burthen from them, and
gladly would they attend to it, but they are not able,^
they have not the power of digestion, and they di'op
blood, very much like a broken vessel. Of their hue, or

' Tenesmus.

232 LyECE BOC.

jieofan • "j bagcj^eapme -j nepefeoj^an • -j milre ^ fcajie •
beoS seblsece -j eal fe lichoma al'cimob • 'j ypel fcenc
nah hi]- j^eljrey jepealb "j bij? f yaji on Sa fpiSjian
fiban • healpe - on p'a pcape • -j |)a pambe fpi]?e jeneap-
pob • -j eyt ppam ]?am napolan o]? ]?one milce • -j on }ja
pmefcpan jisejepeofan 'j jecymS set: J^am bfBCJ^eapme •j
iec ])am nepefeoJ>an- "j ]?a lenbenu beo6 mib micle j-ajie
fol. 87 a. bejypbebu. penaS impipe Isecap j3 ^ fie lenben abl
o5^e miltre psepc • ac Int; ne biS fpa • lenben feoce
men inija'S blobe -j fanbe Jjonne J^am J^e milre psepc
biS • ]?nibe]? Imn fe milr "j bi}) aheajibob on ];am pine-
Itpan bsele ]?aepe fiban. ba pambfeocan men ]>popiaS
on pam bsecj^eajime -j on Jjam nij^eppan hpipe "j lofaS
him fona fio fcepn -j cele ]?p.opaS -j plasp o])t05en -j
imho -j tihS mnan ]?one pop 'j on ]3 fmeel ]?eapme.

.XXXII.

piyye able ppuman mon msej ypelice jelacnian* on
j?a ilcan pipan ]?e ]?a utypnenban -j septep uneS • jip
liio biS unpiflice to lanje poplreten. On ppuman mon
Iceal bsej oS8e .II. tojciebepe jepsej'can "j bep>an j^a
bpeofc mib pine • *j mib ele *j pypcean onlejena op
jiofan 'j bepenum melpe pi^ pm jemenjeb "j on hunije
jefoben 'j mib ele on moptejie jefamnob leje opep ]7a
fcape op ];one napolan *j opep ]^a lenbeno op ]?one bcec-
j^eapm -j J^pep hit pap lie • Iset him blob pvLy -j ^ pete
jhep on oSSe hopn *j teo p blob nt -j fmepe mib ele
fol. 87 b. "j beppeoh hme peapme pop ]?on ];e cile bi]? pve]\e able

' Add -J.

- The foniicr of Ihcsc synonyms should be erased.

■' Omit -J.

LEECH BOOK. II. 233

complexion, and of the navel, and of tlio dorsal muscles, ''"'"'^ 'f-

and of the back gut or rectum, and of the lower belly,

and the milt, and the share ; they are horribly pale,

and all the body is glazed, and an evil stench hath

not control over itself,^'- and the sore is on the right » Eutcuii.sni.

side on the share, and on the wamb, much troubled'

bij it, and again from the navel to the spleen, and

on the left dorsal muscle, and it reacheth to the anus,

and to the lower belly, and the loins are girt about

with much soreness. Unwise leeches ween, that it is

loin disease, or milt wark : but it is not so ; loinsick

men mie blood and sand ; on the other hand those,

who have milt wark, the milt distendeth in them,

and is hardened on the left part of the side. The

wambsick men suffer in the back gut, and in the

lower belly, and their voice soon is lost, and they

suffer chill, and sleep is taken from them, and strength,

and it draweth the colon from within and upon the

small cut.

xxxii.

One may easily cure the first stage of this disease in
the same wise as the outrunning disease, or relaxatioo
of the bowels, and afterwards less easily, if unwisely
it be too long neglected. In the first instance a man
must fast for a day or two, and foment the breast with
wine, and with oil, and work poultices of roses and
barley meal, mingled with wine, and sodden in honey,
and gathered up with oil in a mortar, lay these over
the share, as far as the navel, and over the loins as
far as the back gut, and Avhere it is sore. Let him
blood thus ; set on him a cupping glass or horn, and
draw the blood out, and smear with oil, and wrap
him up warm, in as much as cold is an enemy in the

' It Roems best to consider seneajij'oh as for geneajij'obe, with termina-
tion dropped.

284 LJfiCE BOC.

peonb. Pypc liim j'ealpe }»ul' pij? pambe cojjum op cpicura
fpeple -j op blacum pipope • "j op ele jnibe mon fmsele
-j men^e tro^sebepe -j peax ealpa empela. peaxep ];eali
Ifisfr • jip fio abl fie to ]?on fcpanj ^ pap l?ecebomaf ne
onnime jip fe mon fie jeonj 'j fcpanj Iset; htm blob op
mnan eapme op ]?8epe miclan asbpe Jjsepe mibbel sebpe.
+ This seems <^ Pjpc ]?up pealpe 'j fmi]ie j?a fapan fcopa, feo]? puban

a mark of dis- t c ;_ i _ i i 1,1, /•

content with ^11 ele bo petepj-iliaii to jip pu li?ebbe -j picia pypt-
the text: pro- tpuman • 'j popij fi];]jan eal jepobeii fie bo ]?onne ]7eax
miclan scbjie on p ele -^ pte 'f eall peop'Se to hnepcum peaxhlape f
erased. hit fie hp0e]>pe fpi}>ufc jej^uht pealp fmipe ]7a ftopa f

hit fie paji mib Jjy • fpi]7oft ]7one bsecj^eapm bapo pij?
pambe coj^um • him op pealtum psetpmn fmt to pyjic-~
anne • jip he J^a nsebbe pelte mon hiopa mettaf. ]h])
pambe cojjum ept fpmef clape jebsepnbe -j to bufte
^ejnibene bo on fceapp pm pele bpmcan. Pi5 pambe
co]7e gate lipep jebsepnebu -j hpset hpeja jejniben "j
fol. oS a. on ];a pambe aleb him bi]? ]pe bet. ^ip pambe co]7um

ept laenunj on f hpip to Senbanne • jentm japleacep
]7peo heapbu *j ^pene puban tpa hanb pulle • -j elep
.1111. punb o'S'Se fpa ]>e J^mce • ^ebeat f leac 'j ]:'a
puban je^mb tojgebepe appmj o^^e apeoh • bo to J?am
ele clsenpe butepan punb hlutpef picej- piptan iiealpe
yntfan • -j clsenep peaxeS .111. yntfan jemenje eal to-
jfebjie bo on jlsep p?et • clsenpa ^ ]?onne sepeft j^a pambe
mib bpencef anpealbbpe onjeotunje • jip f j-ap |7onne
mape fie bo mapan ele to • jemenj ])onne ]?a j^mj ];e
ic sep nembe jeplece bo on. pay l^^^S majon je pi]?
lenben ece • }?onne mon ponbe mihS je piS poppej- je
pi6 pambe -j fmsel j^eapmef ablum "j ut pajjtce je pi]? .

' ele is usually masculine. i - clsej-na, MS.

LEECH BOOK. H. 235

disease. Work him a salve thus, against wamb dis-
orders ; from live brimstone, and from black pepper,
and from oil ; let them be rubbed small and mingled
together ; and wax also; of all equal quantities, of
wax however least. If the disease be to that decree
strong that it will not accept these leechdoms, if the
man be young and strong, let him blood from the
inner arm, from (the mickle vein of) the middle vein.
Work a salve thus, and smear the sore places ; seethe
rue in oil, add parsley, if thou have it, and roots of
rushes, and poppy ; after all is sodden, then add wax
to the oil, in order that the whole may become a
nesh waxen cake,^^ that it may be however a highly a ^ ccrote.
approved salve ; smear the places, so that soreness
may come with it, especially the fundament. Baths
for warnb disorders ; they must be wrought for them
of salt waters ; if none can be had, let their {the sick
mens) meats be salted. For wamb disorders again ;
put into sharp wine a swines claw burnt and rubbed
to dust ; give the raan this to drink. For wamb dis-
order ; a goats liver burnt, and rubbed somewhat small,
and laid on the wamb, it will be the better for him.
For wamb disorders again; to send medicine into the
belly : take three heads of garlic, and green rue, two
handfuls of it, and four pints of oil, or as much as
seemeth good to thee ; beat the leek and the rue, rub
together, wring out or strain, add to the oil a pound
of clean butter, and four ounces and a half of clear
pitch, i^erha'ps naphtha, and three ounces of clean wax ;
mingle all together, put into a glass vessel, then first
cleanse the wamb with the simple onpouring of a drink :
then if the sore be greater, add more oil, then mingle
the things which I before named; apply lukewarm.
These things are valid either against loin ache, when
a man pisseth sand, or for diseases and pain of the
lono- p-ut, or of the wamb, or of the small gut, and
for dysentery, or for diseases of the maw, and gripings,

23G L.'ECE BOC.

niajan ablura "j clajmnja • -j pi]) pipa rebjiiim gecyn-
bum. Sum co]m ip ])iG]ie pambe f ]jone feocan moniian
lyfceS utjanjey 'j ne majj J^onne he ure beryneb
bi5. pi|? ];oii j'ceal mon nsebpan aefmoju feo];an on
cle • oSSe on burepan • o])]ye on pine on tmum^ piete
•j fmijie pa pambe mib )?y • jtp fe utjanj fie pmbij -j
fol. 88 b. P^'^P'S • "j t)lobi5 bejn^e mon jwne bEec]>eapm on jon;^-

Irole mib penujpeco 'j niepfc mealpe • fume mib pice -j
fmicaS -j beJnaS. Surae op pijenum melpe pypceaS
bjiipaf -j cocnunja inib pealre. Sume bpeopje bpofclan
jeceopaS "j lecjeaS on J>one napolan.

. XXXIII.

Be* ]>a3jie ppecnan co]?e J^e fe mon hip utjanj jnijih
'cone mu5 him pjiam j'eoppe pceal afpipan. ]de j'ceal
opt: bealceutan -j eal fe hchoma fcmcS pule pelle hmi
mon bile jefobenne on ele o8Se on psetpe to bpmcanne
*j hatne hlap bo on ];oue bpmcan. bippe able eac pi}»-
fcanbe]? tofnibenjie hpeajjemufe blob ^efmiten on ])a)p
feocan mannef pambe. pi5 InnocS punbum *j pi]7 fmail
];eapina fape • on jobne ele jefpetne bo ];one fu]>epnan
y pepmob f ip ])pucene • 'j oj^epne pepmob *j feo]? jncje

ji f]'a htm e] oft: fie. Gpt: pi]? inno]> punbum heopotep
meajih jemylt: on harum pjetpe j'ele bpmcan. ]h^
tobpocenum Inno]7um 'j fapum pilbjie mmran bpel je-
fol. 89 a. el?enfa pel fpa micel fpa mon mse^e mib ]?jiTm pmjjiuin

7;eniman bo pmolej- psebep zo "j mepcej- cucleji msel •
bo eall t:o5a3bepe jejnib fmsele • jebo J?onne on p?e]'
pelej'Can piiiep .nil. bollan pulle • htece ])onne o]? j? Int:
fie fpa hat fpa ];in pmjeji popbepan mseje pele ]7onne
bpmcan- bo fpa ]?py bajap. pi]> tobpocenum Inno-
Sum- cellenbpef pgsb pel jejniben -j lytel pealtep ^ebo
on fceapp pm • ^ebo on -j jej^ypme mib hate jlopenbe
ipene pele bjimcan. pi]? poptojeneppe mnan - heojiotep

' Ivcad tinenum.

- Five lines fouud iu Uribasius Synops, lib. ix., cap. xvi, in M.A.P.

LEECH BOOK. TI. 2o7

and for tenderness of the naturalia of women. There r.ook ir.
is a disorder of the wamb, such that a desire cometh ^''- ^^^"•
upon the sick man for discharging his bowels, and he
is not able, when he is shut into the outhouse. For r,,, •
that, one must seethe in oil, or in butter, or in wine, tion is found
the slough of a snake in a tin vessel, and let him !"_|. ^^'^^ "■'^'
smear the wamb with that. If the discharge be windy,
and watery, and bloody, let one foment the back gut
on the gang stool, with fenugreek and marsh mallow:
some smoke and foment with pitch : some work 1)rewits
from rye meal, and cookings with salt : some chew
pennyroyal and lay it on the navel.

XXXlll.

Of the dangerous disorder, in which a man, they
say, unnaturally speweth his fseces through the mouth.
He, they say, oft belcheth, and all the body stinketh
foully: let dill sodden in oil or in water be given him
to drink, and put a hot loaf of bread into the drink.
The blood of a reremouse or hat cut up, smudged on
the sick mans wamb, also withstandeth this disease.
For bowel wounds and sore of small guts ; into good oil
sweetened, put the southern wormwood, that is, abro-
tanum, and other wormwood, and seethe it ; let the
man take that as he most easily may. Again, for in-
wards wounds ; melt harts marrow in hot water, give
it to be drunk. For broken and sore inwards ; cleanse
part of wild mint well, as much as a man may take
up with three fingers, add a spoon measure of the
seed of fennel, and of marchc, put all together, rub
small, then add four bowls full of the best wine, then
heat it so hot, as thy finger may bear, then give it liim
to drink; do so for three days. For broken inwards;
put into sharp wine, seed of coriander well rubbed,
and a little salt; put these in, and warm with an iron
glowing hot, give it the, man to drink. For inward

238 L^CE EOC.

liopn jebsejineb to alifan jejmben on mojitepe • -j
Jjonne aj-ipt -j mib hunije jepealcen to fnsebum )-ele
neahtnej'Cijum to jjicjanne. 6pt mm j)a betan ]>e
jehpsep peaxa'S jepeoS on psetpep jobum bsele • j-ele
l^onne bpmcan • .11. jobe bollan pulle fcilbe hme pijj
cyle. be latpe meltunje innan • mm jeappan bpmce
on ecebe ^ beah eac piS eallmn blsebpan abliim. be
latpe meltunje Innan puban psebep .villi, cypnelu ire-
ful. 89 h. jnibene . ill. bollan pulle jebo ]?a on ecebef peptep
pulne opeppylle pele ]7onne bpmcan on fume pape nijon
bajon. be latpe meltunje mm ]?8epe peaban netlan
fpa micel fpa mib tpam lianbum mseje bepon • feo]?e
on pejxep pullum pjetpep bpmc neaht neptij. Rseb
bi^ jip he nim8 mealpan mib hipe ci}?um leo]?e on
psetepe fele bpmcan. ba ])e pippa Iseceboma ne pma'S
on ]nppe able })onne becymti htm on psetep boUa • lipep
p^pc "j miltep pap o]7]?e jefpel micjean pojihsep bmp •
pambe ablapunj lenben psejic on j^eejie blgebpan ftanaj'
peaxa'S 'j Sonb.

.XXXIIIL'

Be )78ep monnep mihtum pceal mon ]?a Isecebomaf
pellan ]?e J?onne "S^yo-^e fynb heapbe -j heoptan pambe
•j blsebpan -j hu jeapep hit fie • fe |je ne bepceapa'S
J>ip pe him fcej^e^ fpi]?op }>onne he hme bete. Se pceal
nyttian jepopobep elej' ecebef 'j pmep *j mmtan leap
jejniben on hunij -j pa unfme|?an tunjan mib J^y
jniban -j fmipepan :•

fol. 90 a. pi]? latpe meltunje. Olipatpum hatte pypt feo beah

to bpmcanne. 6pt pyl on psetpe lilian jjypctpuman
]-ele to bpmcanne. Tip pamb po-^peaxe on men • pmol •
coft • elehtpe • attopla]?e • ceplicep pieb • j'ypm melo

In the margin are cyphers.

LEECH BOOK. H. 239

gripings ; harts liora burned to ashes, rubbed small p«ok ir.

in a mortar, and then sifted, and rolled up with honey

into morsels, give to the sich after his nights fast to

eat. Again, take the beet which groweth anywhere,

seethe it in a good deal of water, then give of this to

the sick two good bowls full to drink ; let him sliield

himself against cold. Of late digestion ; let a man

drink in vinegar yarrow ; that medicine is also good

for all diseases of the bladder. Of late digestion ; nine

little grains of the seed of rue rubbed small, with

three bowls full of water (?), add these to a cup full

of vinegar, boil them, then administer to be drunk for

nine days, in succession. Of late digestion ; take of

the red nettle, so much as with two liands thou

mayest grasp, seethe in a cup full of water, drink

after a nights fasting. It is advisable if he taketh

mallow with its sprouts ; let him. seethe them in water,

give this to be drunk. They who care not for these

leechdoms in this disease, on them then eometli dropsy,

liver pain, and sore or swelling of spleen, retention of

urine, inflation of the wamb, loin pain, stones wax in

the bladder, and sand.

xxxiv.

According to the mans powers one shall administer
the leechdoms which are suitable for the head and
heart, for the wamb and bladder, and according to
the time of the year; he who observeth not this,
doth him more scathe than boot. He shall employ
rose oil, vinegar, and wine, and mint leaves rubbed
into honey, and with that shall rub and smear the
unsmooth tongue.

For late digestion; a wort liight olusatrum, which
is good to drink. Again, boil in water roots of lilies,
give that to be drunk. If the wamb wax too great
on a man ; fennel, costmary, lupin, attorlothe, char-

240

L/ECE EOC.

on ealaS ]'ele bjinican. Tif mon }:ojipuubob fie • "j piS
bjieofc psepce • cupmealle 'j bile pyl on ealo"S. Gpc
jpeiie puban lytlum oSSe on liunije Jjije. jlTp mon
fie pojiblapen j'Pe pmepmclan ' jebaepnbe "j jejnibene
jemenj pi]? sejep ]3 hpite fmipe mib. pi]? pambe 51c-
]>an • bpeopje bpofclan peojip on peallenbe pseteji Icec
pocian on lanje o]? p mon mteje bpincan p pseteji.
]?\]) pambe pypmum '^ mm ]?a miclan fmpullan ppmj
•)) peap op peopeji lytrle bollan puUe on pmej- anum
l)ollan pulliim fpa miclum pele bjimcan ■]> beab pi J)
pambe pyjimum.-

.XXXV.

Be cilba pambum -j opeppylle *j jip him mete tela
ne mylte • *j jip him fpac opja -j fcmce pule • ]?onne
mon f onjite ]?onne ne feeal him mon anne mete
foi. 90 1). jebeoban • ac mij'Senlice f peo niopnep j^ajia metta

mseje htm jobe beon • jip hpa opeji jemet Jnj}? mete
]>iep mon tilaS ]?e eaSelicoji ]ye mon jia]?0'^ 3^*^o p he
fpipe • -j jelfeji fie. jip hip mon jetilaS let }?83pe
ypelan pajtan him becumaS on mipSenlica abla • bjieofr
pro]ic • fpeopco]?u cealp ^ abl • heapbej- h]iip]?o • healfjunb •
cypnelu linea^lacnu "j pam jelic • jip hi pop ];ifum ne
mjBjen plapan Sonne j'ceal him mon pellan hat pfetep
bjimcan ]?onne ftilS f jepceopp mnan "j clsenpaS* pa
]?ambe • Nyfcijen ba]?ep mebmiclum • -j mete ]fiG^eii -j
mib pffitpe jemenjebne bjimcan picjen.

' jnnepinclan. Somner, Gl., p.
GO a, line 32, also prints ]iine ; the
Junian transcript of the lost MS.
(Jun. 71, in the Bodleian) has jiine.
The reprinter of the glossary [ A.lJ.
1857] altered to pine, erroneously,
and silently. In the Colloquium
jMonasticon, the MS. has innejunc-
lan, torniculi, where the printed

text [A.D. 184G, p. 24] gives pine-
j'lnclan, torniculos : the edition of
18.'57, pinejimclan, torniculi [p. fi].
Lye is quite correct. The present
MS. has always m-.

- jiiununi in the contents.

^ Head ceajl.

■' clsepia'S, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 241

lock seed ; worm meal in ale ; give him thai to drink. Rook ir.
If a man be badly wounded, and for pain in the breast; ^''- ^^'''^'
boil in ale, cliurmel and dill, Again, take green rue, a
little at a time, or in honey. If a man be over much
blown out, mingle with the white of an egg sea
periwinkles, burnt and rubbed up, smear therewith.
For hicket or hiccup of the wamb : throw dwarf
dwostle into boiling water, let it soak therein long,
till a man may drink the water. For worms of the
wamb ; take the mickle sinful or sedum, wring out
the juice, four little bowls full, in one bowl full of
wine, as mickle as the others ; that is good for worms
of wamb.

XXXV.

Of the wambs of children, and of overfilling, and if
their meat do not well digest, and if sweat come from
them, and stink foully. When a man understandoth
that, then shall not a single meat be offered them, but
various ones, that the newness or novelty of the meats
may be good for them. If one eateth meat over
measure, this case one tendeth the more easily, as one
the sooner bringeth about that lie spew, and be eUipty;
if one tendeth him when troubled with the evil
humour arising from overeating, then come on him
various diseases, breast pain, neck disease, disease in
the jowl, scurf of the head, purulence in the neck,
churnels not easy to cure, and the like of those. If
for these they may not sleep, then shall one give them
hot water to drink, it will still the -scour within, and
will cleanse the wamb. Let them employ the bath
moderately, and take meat and take drink mingled
with water.

VOL. XL Q

242

L^CE BOC.

.XXXVI.

Be milce psejice -j ]5 he bi^S on ]?8epe pmefcpan
fiban 'j tacn 'psejve able hu hipleafe lue beoS 'j bolh
V^ unea'Slacno • ]?a men beoS msejpe -j unjiote • blace on

onfyne J>eali ]?e hie seji jrgetce psepon • -j beo^ hibeji-
peapbe • -j pamb tinjepealben "j uny]7e mieje bij> hal •
ac hio bi]? fpeajitpe -j jpenpe • "j blacpe ]?onne hijie
fol. 91 a, jiiht fie "j pnseptia^ fpij>e bee]? pojito^ene • pp 'fio abl

bij> Co lanjSum • becyme]? ]>onne on pseCep bollan ne
msej hme mon ]?onne jelacnian 'cunje tinjepealben -j
unfmej^e -j J»a bolh beo]? unea^lacnu J?a ]>e on liehoman
beo^ -j hie beo'S on J'a pmfrjian fiban mib ece jefpen-
cebe 'j on Sone li8 J^sepa eaxla be'opeox jefculbpum bij?
micel ece "j on ])am jehpeoppe J^ajia bana on |7am

V fpeojian habbaS eac lijiehte pet cneop trpucia'S. K>u pe

v ittilce bi'S emlanj -j jgebejicenje ]78ejie pambe hsepS

J?yn2ie pilmene fio hsDp^ paette -j ]?icce sebjia • 'j pio
pilmen bi]? J»eccenbe "j ppeonbe J^a pambe 'j J^a mno-
papan ^ -j J>a pyjim^ • -j tj- aj)eneb on ]?one pmefcjian
nepefeo]?an -j ip mib fmehtrum limum jehaepb • -j ip on
o^pe healpe bpab jehjimeS j^sepie fiban • on o^pe 'iy

I/- Sam mnoSe jecanj. be hleahtpe ]>e op milce cym'5

fume fecja]) f fe milce Sam fintim j^eopije -j ^te pe
milce on fumum bselum |?am monnum abeabije o]?j7e

fol. 91 b. op fie* -j f hi pojij^on hlyhhan msejen. SoJ^lice. on j^a

ilcan pifan ]?e ojjep limo J^jiopia^ untpumneppa pe milce
]?popa^ on ]?a ilcan pifan. Op cele^ unjemeclicum op
hseco -j op bpijneppe op micelpe ypelpe pseCan pojij^on
pixj> pe milce opep jefceap -j pona^ -j heajiba^ -j fpiJ>ofc op
cele -j op unjemeclicjie psecan • j^onne cumaS J?a opcofc

' This chapter, and many more that
follow, seem to be from Philagrios,
as preserved in Trallianus. But such
symptoms as "tongue uncontrolled,"
and " muscular feet," are not to
be found in the Greek, as printed.

- The letter or letters between
mn and yajian have been cut oflf
from the margin of the MS.

^ The words of Philagrios, in
Alex. Trail., book viii., chap. x.

LEECH BOOK. II. 243

XXXVl.

Of milt wark, or acute pahi in the spleen, and
that the milt is on the left side, and tokens of the
disease, how colourless the patients are, and there are.
wounds not easy of cure. The men are meagi-e and
uncomfortable, pale of aspect, though ere this they
were fat, and still are constitutionally disposed that
way ; and the wamb is not under control, and scarcely
can it he that the mie is healthy, but rather it will
be swartish and greenish, and blacker than its right is
to be, and the breathing is very hard drawn. If the
disease is too longsome, then it turneth to dropsy, one
may not then cure it; the tongue is uncontrolled and
unsmooth, and the wounds which are upon the body
are not easy of cure, and they are on the left side
afflicted with ache, and in the joining of the shoulders,
betwixt the shoulder blades, there is mickle ache, and
in the turning about of the bones of the neck ; they
have also brawny feet, their knees fail them. We
tell how the milt is alongside and adjacent to the
wamb, it hath a thin film, which hath fat and thick
veins, and the film covereth and embraceth the wamb
and the inwards, and warmeth them ; and it is ex-
tended on the left part of the lower abdomen, and it
is held by sinewy attachments, and it is in the one
quarter broad ; it toucheth the side, on the other it
is in contact with the viscera. Of the laughter which
cometh from the spleen. Some say that the milt is the
servant of the sinews, and that the milt in some parts
is dead in men, or is wholly absent, and that for this
reason they are able to laugh. In fact, in the same
wise that other limbs suffer inconveniences, the milt
in the same wise sufiers. We treat also of immoderate
cold, of heat, of dryness, of mickle evil wet, since the
milt waxeth unnaturally, and diminishes, and harden-
eth, and mostly of cold and immoderate wet ; further,

Q 2

Book ir.
Ch. xxxvi.

244 LiECE EOC.

Of mettum -j oy. cealbum bjiincan I'pa fpa yinbon cealbe
ofcjian -j jEpla -j mij-Senlice pyjita fpij^ofu on fumepa
J70mie |?a mon jJijS. bse]? him ejle^ fpi^ofc seftep
mete -j haemeb ]>m-^ on ojrejipyllo. Sio unjemetlice
h?eto ])33y milcej' cymrS op pepepablum -j op pepepef '
fpoUe -j on ylbo ^ pop blobe • biS apeneb pe milce -j
ajpunben mib jefpelle -j eae hat lypt -j Ipolja bpm^ao
able on ^am milte • |;onne pe mon pyp'S to fpi]?e yoy-
hsec. Spa biS eac on pmtjia pop cyle -j pop ]>si]\a
pebpa ^ mipfenhcnej-pe f fe milte pypS jelepeb. jS
majon pife men onjitan hpanan pio abl cume be mif-
fol. 02 a. jepibepum -j op metta *j op bpmcena j^ijmje -j ]?upli
|>a]' l^m^ ]>n, ypelan psetan -j pmbijo pmj beo]? acenneb
on ];am milte -j abla peaxa]? :•

. XXXVII.'^

JJv mon pcyle jjone monnan iiinan 'j ucan lacnian
mib hatum "j cealbum mnan inib lactucan • -j clatan •
■j cucupbitan bpmce on pme • bajnje hiiie on fj^etum
psetpe. Utan he ip to lacnianne mib jepofobe ele -j
to fmippanne • -j onle^ena jepophte op pme -j pmbep-
jum -j opt op butpan • "j op nipum peaxe -j op ypopo •
•j op ele onlejen jepopht ; OOenj pi]> jope fmepu o8(5e
fpmep jiyple "j pi's pecelj* • "j mmtan • -j )7onne^ he hme
baj'ije fmipe mib ele menj pi's cpoh. COettaf him beo5
nytte })a pe 50b blob pypceaS fpa fpa fmt peilpixap
pimhte -j ham^ pilba hsenna -j ealle pa pujelaf pe on

' The Saxon has misread his text. I ' ^f>»> J^IS-

- ])ebna., MS., with full stop.
^ The words of Philagrios, as
before.

Insert -j.

LEECH BOOK. II. 245

these most often come of meats and of cold drinks, Uook ir.
such as are cold oysters, and apples, and various worts, xxxvi.

chiefly in summer, when one partaketh of such. Bath-
ing is harmful to them who are splenitic, chiefly after
meat, and copulation following on surfeit. The un-
measured heat of the milt cometh from fevers and
from the swealing or burning of fever, and in old age
from corruption of the blood. The milt is extended
and distended with swelling, and also hot air and hot
weather bring disease upon the milt ; when the man
becometh too much heated. So it is also in winter,
for the cold aud for the variableness of the Aveather,
that the milt becometh corrupted. We next treat that
wise men may understand whence the disease cometh
by bad weather, and from partaking of unholesome
meats and drinks, and through these things the evil
humours and windy things are produced in the milt,
and diseases wax titer ein.

xxxvii.

We noio explain how one must apply leechdoms to
the man, within and without, with hot and cold treat-
ments; within, with lettuce, and clote, and gourd; let
him drink them in wine ; let him also bathe himself
in sweet water. Without, he is to be leeched and
smeared with oil of roses, and with onlayings or
pioultices onade of wine and grapes, and often must
an onlay be wrought of butter, and of new wax,
and of hyssop, and of oil ; mingle with goose grease or
lard of swine, and with frankincense, and mint; and
when he bathes let him smear himself with oil ; mingle
it with saffron. Meats which work out good blood are
beneficial for him ; such as are shell fishes,^ and those
that have fins,^ and domestic and wild hens,^ and all

' Not iu the Greek. [ - Wild hens arc pheasants.

246

LiECE BOC.

bunum libbaS • -j pipionef f beoS culfjiena bjubbaf 'j
healfealb fpm« -j jate plsej'c -j pyfena j^eap inib hunije*
hpset hpeja jepipepob • -j eal Sap pjBtan j^mj bpeof-
tum -j mnopum ne bujon ne f ptn ip to j^icjenne fte
hsetej? -j psete]? J>one Inno}?.

fol, 92 b.

. XXXVIII /

]Du man j'ceal |7a paetan "j ]?a ponpceaptan utan lac-
man mib appum pealfum. Pic -j blutop eceb -j jepo-
fobne ele menj tofomne leje utan on. pi]? J^am psetan
yf le ]?8ep miltej- • mm pynbpij pealt o'S^e pi"S peaxhlap
fealpe jemenj • -j jepepmeb 'j on blsebpan jebon ■^
lacnaS ]?one milte. Gfx: mm j-ealt -j peax -j eceb menj
tojsebpe ^ beah • Nim ept jripleapan ^ pypttpuman • *j
bpije pejbpseban ^ jebsepneb fealt ealpa emjzela pefe
mib ecebe "j jefomna bo bpije pic to • 'j peax • -j ele
menj eal tojsebepe bo on • Ne biS f an f f ^pi^e J^a
psetan ac |?a aheapboban fpilaf j^a Se cumaS op J^iccum
p?etum jiipejpum bet -j JjpsenS. pi]? plipejpvim paetum
}}8ep miltep • Nim acoppenep pealtep ^ f pgetep ])e ]>&i\i
op jse]? menj piS pa, sep jemen^neban* ]'^^Z-

.XXXVIIII.^

yilj) pmbijpe a]?unbene]-pe ]?{ep miltef pop aeppla • -j
Imuta -j pyfena sete • pop -j fmo3lj7eapme • pambe -j
innepopan • 'j majan ]?a jeonb blapa'S. pij) ]7on beah
pipop -j cymen • -j hunij • -j fealt menje tojaebepe.

' Philagrios, as before.

- Abridged from Philagrios ap.
Alexandr. Trallian., p. 477, ed.
Basil.

^ This is perhaps aXtri Koi a(ppos
a\6s, as above.

' Read senemneban.

'^ An adaptation from Philagrios
in Tralliamis, lib. viii., cap. II, p.
479, ed. Basil.

LEECH BOOK. II. 247

the fowls which live on downs, and pigeons, that is. Book Tl.
the young chicks of culvers, and half grown swine and -"^xxvh.
goats flesh, and juice of peas with honey, somewhat
peppered : and all moist things are not beneficial to
the breast and the inwards, nor is such wine to be
taken as heateth and moisteneth the inwards.

xxxviii.

Here lue explain, how one must treat the humours
and the meagreness, on the outside, with sharp salves.
Mingle together pitch, and clear vinegar, and oil of
roses ; lay on tlie outside. For the evil humours of
the milt; take salt separately, or mingle it with a
wax cake salve, or cerote, warmed and put upon some
bladder ; that liealeth the milt. Again, take salt, and
wax, and vinegar, mingle together, that is of benefit.
Again, take a cinqfoil root, and dry waybroad, and
burnt salt, of all equal quantities ; soak them in vinegar,
and collect them ; add dry pitch, and wax, and oil ;
mingle all together and apply. Not merely doth
that remedy dry the humours, but it bettereth and
softeneth the hardened swellings,^ which come of
thick slimy wets or crass viscid humours. For viscid
humours of the mUt, take the water of carved salt, or
rock salt, that namely which passeth from it, mingle
with the things before named.

xxxix.

For a windy distention of the milt from eating of
apples, and of nuts, and of peas; they produce infla-
tion thi'ough the long gut, and small guts, the warab,
and the inwards, and the maw; for that is useful
pepper and cummin and salt, mingle them together.

• Scirrhous.

248 L^CE BOC.

Pi]7 fo^oj^an *j j^eaban ^ -j jeohfan ]?e of milre cym5 •

jiWre harce fuj?epne pypt; fio 13' 50b on lilape t;o ]7ic-

^ jenne "j mepce)- fseb -j cellenhjian .~ *j perepplian on

hlap becneben o]i\ie on pm jejniben . -j eac p beah pij?

ablapun^e prej- milrej' • 51^ jjonne fio ajfinbunj ]?8e]-

pmbef femninja cymS ]7onne ne majon }>af j^mj hel-

pan • pop \0Tx Se ^ pile penban on psetep bollan -^ Jip

nion CO ]?am );a pypmenban J^mj be]; J;omie ycj> nion j^a

able,^ Pi]? milce feocum men liim mon pceal pellan

eceb on ]7am fuj^epnan Isecebome J?e hatce oxumelle ]?e

^ pe ppicon pi]^ J>8epe liealpbeaban able "j bi^ebpan able •

^ Ntm lanpej- pmbe • *j bpije mmtran -j pipop "j puban

^ fseb .^ cofc • -j liunan • 'j cencaupian • ^ if hypbepyjit

oSpe naman eopl^jealla fpij^ufc ]7?epe peap • bo ]?ap

pypra on ]?one asp neuiban Isecebom on ]> j'op jai

meabc jefeon aet j^am sep jenemban ablum liu j^u 8one

fol. 93 b. oxumelle pypcean peealc.'' Alepep^ pmbe feo]> on

pgecpe o}> j5 J?8ep ]?Eerpep fie J^pibban bsel unbepelleb • 'j

V, pele j7onne J^sep jobne ceac pulne to bpmcanne on

]7]iy fij^ap Iset fimle bsejj^ejine becpeonum. ])tp ilce

beah lenbenj-eocum men • ept J78ef blacan ipijep ^ cpop-

pan sepefc • ]7peo • ept .v. j^onne .vii. ]?onne nijon •

])onne .XL J?onne .xiil. |7onne .xv. ]7onne feopancyne •

bonne nijancyne • J^onne .XXL fele fpa sepcep bajum

bpmcan on pme. Tip fe man lisebbe eac pepep pele ]7U

]>a cypnlu j^sep eopj^ipijep on hacum pjetpe bpmcan •

];ip lice beali pi]? lenbenpeocum men. Gpc eopSjeallan

on pme jefobenne pele bpmcan. Gpc betonican^ pyl

on pme j-ele bpmcan. Sealp *j onle^en piS milce psepce

^ MiXv^wvas, wavy movements, m.x\Q\\ 1 -rrevKiSavoy : rue seed is ir-qyavov

the same as fiop^upvyixa. | ayplov ff-rrepfia.

- aviffou, Al. Trail., p. 480. I " So far from Alex. Trallianus or

^ Taoe 7ap Trpocivcet, et o vhepus \ Philagrios.

ouK avTiKa fvOivSe rvyxavei el de
(^ai(pvris yeyivqra.L, tots ovdafxSss
raura ffviJL<pepfi.

' I'rom Alex. Trail., viii. 1 1, p. 481.

■" ]Many -words are omitted, as

' See Marcellus, col. 149 d. : ci/-
perus for abuts.

^ Marcellus, col. o4',», a.
" Marcellus, col. 348, ii.

LEECH BOOK. II. 24!)

For ill juices and wavy movements and yoxing, or luc- P.ook ir.
keting, which cometh from the spleen. A southern wort ^''" ^''•'"■''•
hight gith, which is good to eat on bread, and seed of
marche and of coriander and of parsley kneaded up
into bread or rubbed Ji^ie into wine : and also that is
beneficial for inflation of the milt. If however the
distention from the vv^ind cometh suddenly, then these
things cannot help, since that will turn into dropsy.
If one applieth the warming leechdoms to that, then
one eketh or augmentetk the disease. For a miltsiek
man, one must give him vinegar in the southern leecli-
dom which hight oxymel, which we wrote of against
the half dead disease and disease of the bladder. Take
rind of laurel, and dry mint, and pepper, and seed of
rue, costmary, and Ao7'ehound, and centaury, that is
herdwort, or by another name, earthgall, chiefly the
juice of it, add these worts to the before named leech-
dom into the ooze. Thou mayest see where we have
spoken of the before named diseases, how thou shalt
prepare the oxymel. Seethe in water rind of alder until
there be of the water a third part unboiled away, and
then give a good jug full of it to be drunk at three
times ; leave always a days space between the doses.
This same is beneficial for a loinsick man. Again, of
the black ivy, first three berry bunches, next five, then
seven, then nine, then eleven, then thirteen, then fif-
teen, then seventeen, then nineteen, then twenty-one,
give them so, according to the days, to be drunk in
wine. If the man have fever also, give thou him the
little grains of the ground ivy in hot water to drink.
This same is good for a loinsick man. Again, give
him to drink earthgall sodden in wine. Again, boil
betony in wine, give him that to drink. A salve and
a plaster for milt pain, work it up of honey and of

■ As followB : II. lix.

250

L^CE BOC.

pypc op humje "j of ecebe bumelu^ -j Imyseb to "j bepef
V 5p;^tta mepcep fseb leje on "j fmijie mib y-yj. bo eac

bpijep pepmobey blofcman to.

6ft ]?omie pe milte ablapen pypS fona he pile aheap-
bian -j bi]? J^onne uneaj^laecne • ]70iiiie f blob aheajibaS
on ]7am sebptim J^sep miltep • lacna hme ]7onne mib
fol. 94 a.- J7am sep jenemban pyptum • menj J?a joban pypta

PI'S oxumelli J^one fujjepnan eceb bpenc • Se pe sep
ppiton ]7a lacniaS ]7one milte "j ape^ aboS ^ j^icce -j
lippije blob • -j ]7a yp elan psetan • n?ep ]?upli Sa mic-
jean ane ac eac ]?uph oj^epne titjanj. ]2>ipbepyp^t feo
Iseppe leje jebeatene utan • Nim eac clseppan pypt-
tpuman bo on eceb -j jate typblu^ Pypc J>onne to pealpe
■j bepen melo bo J^septo ■ pele him |?ip eac on pme
bpmcaD.

.XLI."

y

fol. 94 b.

yi]> ]?8epe heapbneppe -j pape ]?8ep miltep • fpinep
blsebpan mm fpa mpe jepyl mib fceappe ecebe aleje opep
^a heapbneppe ];8ep miltep befpe]?e J7onne ^ hio apej ne
jlibe • ac py J?peo niht jjsepon p sefte jebmiben • seftep
pon onbmb • J^onne pmbept J>u jip hit tela biS |7a
blsebpan jelsepe -j f heapbe tohnepceb -j ^ pap jefcilleb.
6pt jemm ipiep leap feoS on ecebe -j opeppylle on
]?am pelpan ecebe fipe])an • bo J^onne on blsebpan bmb
on f pap • pele ]7onne septep pyptbpenc fona ]?up je-
pophtne ; ]?ij> heapbneppe milcep • ^emm eoji^jeallan
jebeat oJ^J^e je^mb to bufre fpa fpa J?peo cuclep msel
fien oSSe ma. bo fapman bufcep to cuclep mael J^peo •

' Read bo melu.

- Alexander Trallianus,bookviii.,
chap, xii., p. 481, ed. Basil.

■' Alex. Trail., p. .500, line 8,
ed. Basil; from Galenos.

■* The next chapter of Alex. Tr.
is on the same subject ; but the
receipts are not his.

LEECH BOOK. 11. 251

vinegar, add meal and linseed, and barley groats, and nook Ji.
seed of marclie ; lay on and smear •with this. Add ^^" -''^^'^•
also blossoms of dry wormwood.

xl.

Again, when the mUt becometh upblown, soon it will
harden, and then it is not easy to cure, when the
blood hardeneth on the veins of the milt: then treat
it with the before named worts, mingle the good worts
with oxymel, the southern acid drink, which we before
wrote of, they will cure the milt and will do away
the thick and livery ' blood, and the evil humours,
not by the mie only, but also by the other evacua-
tion passage or outgang. Lay on externally the
lesser herdwort beaten up. Take also roots of clover,
put them in vinegar, and goat treadles, then work them
to a salve, and add thereto barley meal ; give the man
also this in wine to drink.

xli.

For the hardness and sore of the milt; take a
swines bladder so new, fill it with sharp vinegar, lay
it over the hardness of the milt, then swathe up,
that it may not glide away, but may be thereon,
fast bounden, for three nights. After that unbind ;
then thou wilt find, if it be good, the bladder clear,
and the hard fart made nesh, and the soreness stilled.
Again, take leaves of ivy, seethe them in vinegar, and
boil in the same vinegar some bran, then put this into
a bladder, and bind upon the sore ; then soon after
give a wort drink thus wrought : for hardness of the
milt ; take earthgalls, beat or rub them to dust, so that
there may be three or more spoon measures, add three
spoon measures of dust of savine thereto, and three

' Such as flows through the liver.

252 L^CE BOC.

y "J peallenbej' picey bufce]' ])peo cticleji m?el • appte eall

j'ele ]7onne on pme neahrnej-tijuDi to bpincanne cucleji
piilne • jij: be fie eac on jrejrpe pele Inm on hatuni

"^ pjBCjie jeplecebum J?a pypta bpincan ]>y lasp p pic op-

Ibanbe mib J>y oJ>pe bufce. Gpc Co milte feocum men
■j pij? eallum mablum • eceb pi]? jlsebenan jemenjeb
pypc })U]' jlsebenan pmbe lycelpa jebo ]>peo punb on
^Ivey pa3r pel nucel • ^ebo ]7onne Ipsey pceajipeptan pmep
ro .V. pepcpap apete ]7onne on hate Sunnan on fumepa
] onne pa liatoiran pebep fynb • -j J^a pcipan ba^af

^ lijntan J?e pe jeppitene habba'S • ^ hit fipije 'j pocije

.nil. bajaf oJ>]7e ma • pi])]7an j^sef ecebep pele J^u milte
feocum men cuclep pulne 'j fona jip htm ?eptep ];am
bpincan • po*^ ]?on ]>e ^ ip fpi]?e fupanj J^am "pe f napa
^ sep j'ljbe. bonne beah ]np pi]? hunije jeyceb ^e piS

fol. 95 a. unite able • je yip majan • je piS hpean je pi]? ]7on ]?e

mon blobe fpipe* je pi]? eallum mnan ablum* eac ]?6n^
piep]?o *j 3ic])a fon ape^ be]?. bep Ipecebom beah je
pi]? hpiepSo -j 5ic]'an • pyjic op ecebe j'eaxpealpe • jemm
J«ep ecebep .V. cucleji m^el bo on nipne cpoccan bo
elep bollan pulne to feoS setfomne fceab nipep fpeplep
ptp cuclep mgel • "j lytel peaxep opep pylle ept o]? f
hmx: eceb fie pojipeallen • bo ]?onne op pyj^e -j hpejie -j
pi]7j?an fmipe mib }?y ]?a hpiepj'o -j ]?one jic'San.

.XLII.

(^ip omihtc blob *j ypel ])a3te on ]?am milte fie J7in-
benbe ]?onne pceal htm mon blob ]?up hetan. Gip ])e
]?iiice ]? ])u o]?epne mapan l?ecebom bon ne bujipe • pop

' Road \>ou, that is, t)onne.

LEECH r>OOK. II. 25.']

spoon measures of the dust of "boiling pitch ;" ' sift <all ^^""k II.
this, then give a spoon full in wine to the man after his
nights fast to drink : if he be also in a fever, give
him the worts to drink in "hot" water made "luke-
warm," lest the pitch form a concrete with the other
dust. Again, for a miltsick man, and for all inward
disorders ; vinegar mingled with gladden ; work it thus :
put three pound of little bits of rind of gladden in a
good sized glass vessel, then add thereto of the sharpest
wine, five sextarii, then set this in the hot sun, in sum-
mer, when the hottest seasons are, and the clear white
days of which we have written, that it may macerate
and soak for four days and more ; afterwards give thou
to the sick man of the vinegar a spoon full, and after
the dose soon, give him something to drink, since that
is very strong for him who never before tasted it. Fur-
ther, this eked out with honey is of benefit, either for
milt disease, or for maw disease, or for rawness,^ or in
case a man spew blood, or for all inward diseases : it also
further soon doth away roughness of sJcin, and itch.
This leechdom is good either for roughness or itch :
work of vinegar a wax salve, or cerote ; take five spoon
measures of tlie vinegar, put it into a new crock, add
a bowl full of oil, seethe together, shed therein five
spoon measures of new brimstone, and a little wax,
boil it strongly "again," till the vinegar is boiled
off, then remove from the fire, and shake, and after-
wards smear therewith the roughness and the itch.

xlii.

If inflamed blood and evil humour be in the milt,
distending it, then shall the sick be thus let blood.
If it seem to thee, that thou dare not to do another

* Our Saxon has made some mis-
take : the receipt is similar to one
given by Marcellus, col. 348, B.,

■where we read " ex picato moro vcl
" nigvo tepefacto."

^ Probably cruilitcts, i/idiycstioH.

254

L.ECE BOC.

unmihce ^sey mannej' oS8e foji unmeltunje o}>]?e poji
jibe • o])]>e pop 31050^6 • oJ>J?e poji unjepibepum • o]>]>e
poji ucjnhtan • jebib )7onne o|7 ^ J7U mse^e • o^'Se ^
byjipe • jip hseto o}>)?e mehc ne pypne Isec him blob
on |?am pmefrjian eajime op ]?8epe upeppan aebjie • jip
]f\i ]?a pinban ne mseje Iset op J^sepe mibmeptan aebjie •
5ip ]?u |?a pinban ne mseje liet op ]??epe heapob sebpe.
j^onne jip mon pa pinban ne mseje Iset op J^sepe pme-
fcpan hanba neah j^am lytlan pmjpe op sebpe • Tip hit
fpi'Se peab fie o]?]?e pon |>onne bi5 hit j)y |>e fpi]7op to
Isetanne • jip hit chene o])j;e liluttop fie Iret |?y pe
l8e]')'e. Jp hpse]?epe fpa to Isetanne fpa ^ hphce msejen
ne afppmje.

.XLITI.

hup ^ him mon pceal ];up mettap fellan on |?8epe
able jefeape pyfan 'j Map on hatum paetepe 'j oxu-
melle J?e pe ppiton sep bepopan pi]> blsebpan able fu-
}»epne eceb bpenc • mepce on pastpe jefoben "j fpilca
pypta -j mijole bpmcan "j ]?ynne ptn him ip to pel-
lanne pel fcip f bet f msejen };a3p miltep -j pcellihte
pifcaf him fmt to Jjicjenne • -j pujlaf J^a ]>e on pen-
num ne fien. bip him if to popjanne • ne J^icjen hie
pen pixaf • ne fee pixaf Jja pe habba'S heapb plsepc • *j
jjicjen hie ]?a sap jenemban mettaf • oftpan • -j pme-
pmclan*^ ne pa, mettaf pa, pe ablapan monnan msejen*
ne hpijjepep plsepc • ne fpmep ne fceapep ne j^icjean
hie* ne jate • ne ticcenep • ne bpmce^ ]>icce pm • ne
mete ne to fpi'Se hatne • ne eac to eealbne. 6pt^

' o««, MS.

- l^ij*, MS. With the text compare,
E,K<i\v(Ta Se TtdvTa ra yM(TXpovs Kol
Traxfis xvfJ-uvs yevvwvra, wffavrais [Se]
ical TO. Kpia [to] fi6eta, xo/peia, wpo-
Bdreia, alyeia Koi iplcpeia, Kcu tuv
opviduv TO, iv XiixudtSeffiv i/Sacrj Statr(i>-
/xeva, Koi tCiv IxOvwv Ttavras eXedSeis
Kol iTfKayiovs, &\\u>s re [«ai] robs

ffKXripas Kul ■jraxets. 0pp. Alex.
Tralliani, p. 496, ed. Basil.

^ y not p ; see note, p. 240. .

^ bpmcan would be better.

^ Kal avTiKa Kar ctpxV ''"'''' ^pos
alfia TToAv e'/c rod apiCTepov ayKuyos
aipripovv. 0pp. Alex. Tralliani,
p. 427, ed. Basil.

LEECH BOOK. II. 255

greater leechdom, for the want of might in the man, Book II.

or for want of digestion, or for old age, or for youth,

or for bad weather, or for diarrhoea, then wait till that

thou may so do* or dare. If heat, or his capacity to

bear it, forbid it not, let him blood from the left arm

from the upper vein ; if thou canst not find that, let

hiTTh blood from the midmost vein ; if thou canst not

find that, let him blood from the head vein. Further,

if that cannot be found, let Jdm blood from the left

hand, near the little finger, from a vein. If the blood

be very red or livid, then must it be let flow more

plentifully ; if it be clean or clear, let it flow so much

the less. Blood however is so to be taken from the

man as that his vital power may not be unsettled".

xliii.

Thus shall the sick mens diet be administered in
that disease ; juicy peas, and bread in hot water, and
oxymel, of which we wrote before, when speahiAig of
Ijladder disease, the southern acid drink ; marche also
sodden in water, and such worts and dim-etic drinks,
and thin wine must be given them, and sheer or clear;
that will better the power of the milt ; and shell
fishes are to be taken, and fowls, those, Tiamely, which
are not dwellers in fens. This that folloiveth is to
be foregone ; let them not partake of fen fishes, nor
sea fishes which have hard flesh, and let them take
the before named meats, oysters and periwinkles, not
the meats which puff" up a mans strength, nor let
them take flesh of bullock, nor of swine, nor of
sheep, nor of goat, nor of kid, nor let them
drink thick wine, nor food either too extremely hot

2oG

L^CE EOC.

blob biS 50b to laBCanne on pjian lenctene oj: pam
pmfrjmn eajime.

.XLIIII.

Gpt; lascebom j-e p yjiel wc trihS Of ])am milre "j j'e
beali to raanejum o];>]ium abluni • jemm jpene puban
^ ane bseje ?eji jeporana *j mebmicel pipojie]- • o]?e]i fpile

cymenep oSSe ma • bo ]3 cymen ane breje seji oSSe
tpam o])])e ]?pim on eceb abpije *j ajnib to bufte ealle
JM]" pyjita • menje piS liunij afipen • jebo J^onne on
jlsepene ampnllan -j pele J»onne cuclep pnlne ])ey beah
y\]> majan ablapunje ^ mnoJ>a • hnej'ce]? J?a pambe •
]?ynna'S }?a oman bitpe hpsecetunje apej bej> -j bpeoft
co|?e • -j pib ppepce • "j lipep able • -j lenben ppepce • -j
milte psepce eal ]3 liht.

. XLV.

Ijfecebomap -j I'piS bpenc yi]) afpoUenum milce • acele
fol. 9G b. JSu pealhat ipen ];onne hit pupjmm fie op pype atojen •

on pme o]?]?e on eeebe j-ele ]3 bpmcan p pu mealit eac
pellau pam ];e habba]? lieapbne liclioman • ne pceal
mon lipsepepe ]nyne bpmcan j-ellan on popepeajibne
pone ece -j pa able ac ymb pela nilita.

.XLVI.^

3DeR fjnbon loscebomap pip nsjhpaepejipe fiban pape -j
tacn liu fio abl topeapb fie • "j hu p mon onjitan
mse^e • -j liii Inojia^ mon tilian pcyle • ]7ap Isecebomaf
pceal mon bon pip fiban pape • 'j ]ny fmbon psejie able

• Koi /uV Kul (Troj.i.wiJ.aTus Aeirlj,
?;j/ iKiiVO fv x^\Keiois TrvpovfjLevuu re
KOI a<l>vpq. KoiTTdjxevov airo^aWei, ffiip
i/SttTi avajxefii-yiiiVT} iv iroTtJi ffvixtpipa.
Opp. Alex, Trail., lib. viii., 13,
p. 50G, ed. Basil.

- Alexandres of Trallcs, lib. vi.
chap. 1, treats of the diagnosis be-
tween pleurisy and disease of Ihe
liver.

^ This plural may refer to the raen
or the Riban.

LEECH BOOK. 11. 257

or too cold. Again, it is good to let blood in early jiouk ii.
lent 07' spring from the loft arm. *-''• ^'"'■

xliv.

Again, a leeclidom whicli draweth out the evil from
the milt, and which is efficacious for many other dis-
orders. Take green rue one day before it is uned,
collect it and a moderate quantity of pepper, so much
also of cummin, or more., put the cummin one day
beforehand, or two or three, into vinegar, dry it and
rub to dust all the worts, mingle iliis with honey
strained, then put tliem into a glass })itcher, and so
give the maii a spoon full. This is good against \ip-
blowing of the maw and of the inwards ; it raaketh
neshthewamb; it thinneth the corrupt gastric juices,
it doth away breakings, and breast disease, and side
])ain, and liver disorder, and loin pain, and milt pain :
all that it lightenetli,

xlv.

Leechdoms and strong drink for a swollen milt ; cool
thou a fiercely hot iron, when it is just withdrawn from
the fire, in wine or in vinegar, give the man that to
drink. Thou may est also give that to them who liave
a hard body : notwithstanding, this drink shall not
be given in the early stage of the ache and the disease,
but after many days.

xlvi.

Here are leechdoms for sore of either side, and tokens
how the disease approaches, and how a man may under-
stand that, and how a man shall treat it. These leech-
doms shall be done for sore of side, and these are the

VOL. TL R

258 hMCF. p.or.

cacn' ?;elic lunjen able tacnum "j lifep psepcef tac-
num. ha men beo]? mib hjiijnnjum fpi]?e fcjianjum
pgecebe • *j micel faji on bam fibum. lOpilum cnyjjej?
'p yap on ]^a jiib • hjnlum op ep ealle fiban bi]:> f yaji •
hpiltim becymS on 'pa. peo]?oban -j ept ymb lytel je
]>a jefculbpiu je efc Jjone nepefeo];an p pap 5]iet • -j
V lipopab - jelome • hpilum blobe hpseca]^ • pmjale psec-
cean J^popiaS • tunje bi8 bpije • ne majou jelicjean
on l^sGpe pmefcpan fiban • ^tp on j^sojie fpiSjian p paji

fo]. 97 a. ^^^^ • 11^ majon eac ept on pa fpiSpan • jip on pa pm-

fcjian p pap bip • jepela'S p pa mnopap hi penbap mib
hiojia hepijneppe -j on pa piban peallaS pe he on hc-
jeaS • ?ep psejie able pap tacn beop • bip eac jeonb
pingjia]""^ cele 'j cneopa unmeht: eajan jieabiaS peob^ "j
beop heop -j pamij utjanj micje ajeolpob -j lytel bip
pfiep mnopej- melrunj 'j ■'* rebpa clasppetunj • epunj biS
paplic jehnycneb neb -j papa bpeofca bip beapij ptetunj
fpa fpa fie jefpat • mobep elhyjb ceolan hjnfcun^ -j
hpeonnj • hlybenbe fpipufc mnan piMa'6 op pam bsele
];e p paji biS hlmunje "j hlijiunje jnS pi})e]ipa3C • jip
pap tacn lanje puma's • ponne bip feo abl to ppecen-
lico 'j ne msej him mon jetilian • ahpa hpseppe pone
mannan pe pip ppopaS hpsepeji he seppe )>?e]ie plejen
on pa piban oS8e jefcunjen oppe hp^Bpep he lenje £ep
apeolle oSSe jebpocen pupbe • jip Int p p^epe ponne
bi'5 he py ea^lsecna •" jip hit bip op cyle cumen oppe op
ypeljie mptetan hit biS pe uneaplsecpa.' J^F ^^^ ponne

fol. 97 I). l>ip o?]i on paejie lipjie oppe on pam lunjenum jefajijob

' These symptoms are fully stated , - Bead hyoyza'S.

in nearly the same words by Are- j ^ Aretseos accompanies ns no fur-

tseos, Acut. I. X. Possibly the ' ther.

diagnosis and the symptoms were I ^ Read "j bi|> heoj' peoh ?

stated, as they are in the text, by ^ JJeapb or some word to express

Philagrios. The Saxon author
mentions mechanical causes for the
sore of the side, as well as nosolo-
gical ; he does not therefore confine
himself to pleurisy.

2/cA?7/)o's is wanting.
'• Read ea'iJleacnjja.
' For unea'Sleacnjia.

LEECH BOOK. TI. 259

tokens of the disease, like unto the tokens of Inng Book ii.
disease, and the tokens of h'ver pain. 'I'he men are ^^- ^'^''•
afflicted with very strong fevers, and miekle sore on
both sides. At whiles the sore striketh' upon the ribs,
at whiles the sore is over all the side; at wliiles it
coineth up on the collar bones, and again, after a little,
the sore greeteth either the shoulders or the lower
belly, and they cough frequently, at whiles they break
up blood, they suffer a constant wakefulness, the tongue
is dry, they cannot lie on the left side if the sore is
on the right side, nor again can they lie on the right, if
the sore is in the left ; they feel that their viscera by
their weight shift place, and fall upon the side on
which they lie. These tokens are before the disease.
Theie is also cold all through their fingers, and power-
lessness of their knees, their eyes are red, and red is
their hue, and their discharge ^ is foamy, their mie
is turned yellow,^ and the digestion of the inwards is
little, and /i«rcZ the pulsation of the veins, the breath-
ing is sorelike, the face twitched, and there is a dewy
wetting of the breast, as if it sweated, a delirium of
the mind ; a spasmodic action, and roughness of the
throat, sounding chiefly from within, whistleth from
the part on which the sore is ; the disease is unfavour-
able to a leaning posture and to laughing. If these
tokens continue long, then is the disease too dangerous,
and one can do nothing for the man : notwithstanding,
ask the man, who endureth this, whether he ever were
stricken or stabbed in the side, or whether he long
before had a fall, or got a breakage ; if it were that,
then will he be easier to cure. If it is come of cold
or of inward evil humour, it is so much the harder to
cure. If further the man have been before troubled
with soreness in the liver, or in the lungs, and the

Nwo-o-ei, doubtless. I ' Thus the Saxon.

■ Expectoration ? |

R 2

260 LMCE BOC.

•j l^anan cyraeS fio^ jnbpfiejic ]?onne bi]; ]> fjnSe ppecne.
Jip Int; on ];am milte bi]> re]\ ponne bi]' liir ])y oaj)-

^ ]ac]ie • 31}: he. jwiiiie bi]) a?]i on ]?a3pe lunjene ^epunbob

*j jjanan cymS fe j-ibp^ejic ponne bi]; ■]> fpiSe pjiecne •
51]: hit on ]?am miltre bi8 seji • ponne cymS p ]-a]i on
]>a pmfcpan fiban • je ])a habbaS^ hepije yjiecenneyye •
ahfa hme hpfe|)ep hmi fe miltre ]"a]\ fie o6Se hppe]?e]i
htm fpeopcoj^u fie • fpa \)u meahc onjitan Jj ]>8epf fiban
]-a]i cymS oy. ypelpe pretan 'j bi)^ fpiSe ppecne. Tip him
fe ut^anj pojifeten fie o6Se jemi^an ne mseje mib
^ fine]?jie onbounje pyptbjiencep ]>u]ih liojni oSSe pipan
fio pamb bi]; co ckenfianne • ppecne biS eac ];onne

^ J^ppp peocan mannef lijiaca biS manijep hipej' ^j bleo :-^

be J?ipnm tacnnm ]ni meaht lippep fe man to lac-
manne fie onjitaii hpteji ne fie • hpcep mon imfopte
jetilaS on pojiepeapbe J)a able ]?onne p fap rejiefr
jefcihS on pa fculbpu 'j on pa bpeofr. Sona j'ceal
mon blob op £ebpe Isecan. Jip f T^P S^punije on ]>am
bpeoftum anum oppe on pam upejian hpipe o])pe on
fol. 93 a. ' pam mibhjnpe • ponne pceal liim mon ]'yptb]ienc )-ellan
'j niman fpete pjBteji mib ele jebon on fpmep bla^bpan
*j be]nan p fap mib.

. XLVII.

Laicebomaf pa pe pynnunje msejen h^bben -j fmal-
unje • pam lichoman pa "Sa hseto mebmicle oppe fcjianje
ppopian -j hu him mon fcyle fpmef blcebpan onbon.
V 5emm hunan -j peax -j ele ^emenje oppe jejiub to-

jtBbpe ealpa empela p hit an fie fmipe mib -j bo on
clsep leje on. ^ip iape fiban ept jemin pnbaii leap -j

» Read fe.

- hub, MS., at the end of a line,
tlie writer forgettinp; to complete
the word.

^ In I. xlv. .'j, the genitive wafs
bleoj'. Bleo, by a zeugma, may be
genitive plural.

LEECH LOOK. IL 261

side pain coinetii thence, then is tliat very dangerous ; Hook II,
if it lias been ere that on the milt, then it is the easier ^ ''

to cure. Further, if the man have been before wounded
in the lung, and thence eometli the side pain, then is
that very dangerous. If it liave been formerly in the
spleen, then the sore cometli on the left side, yea, those
tokens have heavy mischief; ask him whetlier the milt
be sore, or whether he hath neck disease. So tliou
mayest understand that sore of the side cometh from
evil humour and is very mischievous. If his anal dis-
charge be stopped, or if he may not mie, the wamb
must be cleansed by an always easy application of a
wort drink, hh this case a, clyster, through a hoin or
})ipe. There is danger also when the sick mans cxijec-
tovation or break is of many a hue and complexion.'
2. By these tokens thou mayest understand in what
case the man is curable, in what case he is not. In
case one treateth a man unsoftly in the early stage
of the disease, then the sore first mounteth into the
shoulders and into the breast. Soon must one let lilood
from a vein, if the sore continue on the breast alone,
or in the upper belly, or in the midriff; then must
one cfive the tnu/ii a wort drink, and take sweet water
with oil put into a swiues bladder, and warm the sore
therewith.

xlvii.

Leechdoms wliich have the power of thinning and of
makintr small, for the bodies which suffer the heat,
either moderate or strong, and how one must apply a
swines bladder to then). Take /ioyehound, and wax,
and oil, mingle or rub together equal quantities of all,
that it, the mixture, may be one ; smear therewith, and
put also on a cloth and apply. For sore of side, again ;

' TlavTo. ovo.-miiTo.i KiXP'^'^l-'-^'"'- Alex. Trail.

262 L^CE BOC.

laupe]^ cpoppan jebeat Imtele -j feoS on hunije leje
on cla^ o])pe on pel f hit ealle ]?a fibau -j f j'aji oye\i-
licje lege on -j bej^e mib ]?y -j beleje ssfteji Jpiejie
bel^mje mib hatte puUe • "j bmb peaxhlaj: on • jip ^^
pap |7onne ne fie ]>e Iseyye teoh J^onne mib jlsej'e on
]?a fculbpu • 'j Iceajipa ];sep hit fap fie fpijpuft • "j fcpep
'p blob Of fpiSe • "j jip Mt ]?onne jit fpij^oji pap fie •
ne bo l^ii jjonne mib fealte ]?a blsebpan on • ac on jrope-
j^eapbe ]?a able J^enben f paji lajft fie. Ruban jefeoS
on ele oS8e on pine • "j bile fmipe j^a fiban mib ]7y
iol. 08 b. neoblice • 'j be]:>e mih hnefcpe pulle -j mib ]?y ele -j

bo Jjonne J'a blsebpan on • bo peapm j^ealt to bo eac
feofo]7a on pealt ptetep bo on |?a blgebpan aleje on f
fap bo ]?ip ]7peo niht.

.XLVIII.

^ip j?ap pultumaf ne pyn helpe • last ' blob j^onne
on sebpe op eapme nsep on j?a healpe ]7e f pap bi}» • -j
]7a pambe man pceal cltenpian''^ mib fme]?e pyptbjience.
^ Gpc eof opfpinej- '^ cpeab p mon pmt on puba jemylce
on psecpe apeoh bo on hip bpincan* o]?];e bpije jemenj
•j jejnib on hif bpmcan ]? htel]? ]rcG]\e piban pap. 6pt
celenbpep^ fseb jejnib -j feo]> on hunije o]> p hit Sicce
fie • jemm psep ponne on mopjenne -j on sepenne ppeo
cucleji msel pele to j^icjenne.

.XLVIIil.

LcBcebomap -j peaxj'ealpa "j jceappunja pip fiban pape-
•j hpyet him fie to picjanne. 6ac pu j'cealt ponne pu
on pam pculbpum tyhfu blob ceon fpiSe on psepe j'lban

' Trallianus, p. 85, ed. Lutet, re-
commends (pKefioron'ia and the ko.-

- claej-nian, MS.

^ Marcellus, col. 351, b.

dapaiVTris KoiKias, after Ilippokrates. ' Marcellus, col. 351, c,

LEECH BOOK. II. 263

take leaves of rue and bunches of laurel heads, beat Book ii.

them small and seethe them in licmey, lay on a cloth • ^ ^ "•

or on a skin so that it may overlie all the side and

the sore ; lay on and foment with that mixture, and

cover after the fomenting with hot wool, and bind on a

cake of wax. Then if the sore be not the less, then

draw with a cupping g-lass on the shoulders, and

scarify where the sore is most, and scrape the blood

off thoroughly ; and if it then be still more sore, do

not thou then apply the bladder with salt, but do this

in the early period of the disease, while the sore is

least. Seethe rue in oil or in wine, and dill ; anoint

the sore with that, of necessity, and foment with nesh

wool and with oil, and then apply the bladder : add

warm salt, put bran also into salt water ; put it on the

bladder: Jay it on the sore, do this for tliree nights.

xlviii.

If these remedies are no help, then let blood on a
vein from the arm, hut not on the side on which the
sore is, and the wamb shall be cleansed with a smooth
wort drink. Again, melt in water the dropping of a
boar swine, which one findeth in a wood, sti'ain it, j)ut
it into his drink : or dry it, mingle and rub it into
his drink, that will heal the sore of the side. Again,
rub small sotne seed of coriander, and seethe it in
honey, till it be thick, then take of that, at morning
and at even, three spoon measures ; give the man this
to swallow.

xlix.

Leechdoms and wax salves and scarifyings for sore
of side, and what the sieJc are to take for diet. Also
thou shalt when thou drawest blood on the shcnilders,
draw it strongly on the side, and for about three days

264? L^CE BOC.

. V 'j 3m;ib .111. iiilic Iceajipian -j peax j^ealjie -j ele on lec-

jean "j yellan bjiencay })a ]ni pite ^ yih yib psejice

i'cylen • jij: ]>e pypt: bpenc ne liinpe pele Itjianjne •

fol. 'J9 a. leolice metcaf jncje "j jej-eap bpojni ' 'j jepeape i)ypan

'j jeplejen iejpu 'j bjieab jcbjiocen on hat; pseteji'

"-J jnnepinclan ^ aboii oj: ]-ccllum mib pyj-iim.

6pt: ]n]) piban pajic betomean leap jepeoS on ele -j
jebpyte aleje on )7a piban.

.LI.

JDeR septep fint lunjen abla laSlicu tacn *j hj'anau
i'lo Clime "j hu mon Isecehomaf jn]) ]?on^ pyjicean pcyle*
bpeoib ablapen "j paji ]?eoli -j lipa • "j Inm I'e maja
miela ]nnbe]; -j ban "j per pela Ipellenbe ypele Ipilap
unpelenbe "j lane bpece]? }>y]ipe lipofcan -j Inm on ]?am
hpofuan hpiliim lopa'8 fio fremn. Smijie Jjone mannan
mib ele • -j eac mib nij'pe jmlle he]>e ];a fiban -j jub •
■j betpeox fculbpum hpene i^]i sepenne • Ifer ])onne on
)>elan • repcep J^on la^t Inm blob op ]?am balan lia]wli-
];an In opne ];?e)i him ne ejle pyji* jip ]>u. him to pela
Isetfc ne bi]> him J^onne peopep pen. Pypc htm bpip
op pealpyjice mopan • -j op pleaj^an pyjite • 'j hiinan
fol. 90 b. "j bile ]-?eb peo]? ]?ap on butjian pele etan colne on

niojijcn -j on niht bpip liif mete pij; ele -j eal hip
bjiinca Tie cealb. CT^anejum men lunjen potaS on
bpmce ''"' he I'piplep bjiencef -j pela henne iejpu jeplea
on an pa3t fpa hjieap • 5e];]'ejie ]?onne "j J'lcje -j je-
menje cBp ]n]) pletan "j nan oJ»ep inolcen J'lcje. Leoht
bjienc • jenlm jajellan j^yl on pyjite Iset ]?onne hpon

' TlTiffadvTjf Alex. Tr.

lino 15, ed. Lutct.

^ Marcclliis, col. 351, u.

* I'oii, wc expected a feminine.

- il/i'xes, tvum^.v, Alex.Trall., p. 87, ''The stop is misplaced thus in

MS.

LEECH BOOK. 11. 2G5

scarify and lay on cerote and oil, and give such drinks Book li.
as thou knowest are suitable for side pain. If ixmUd <-''• -'^''^•
wort drink do not sufHce, give a strong one. Let the
laari take light meats and juicy broths, and juicy peas,
and beaten eggs, and bread broken in hot Avater, and
periwinkles removed from the shells, with [leas.

1.

Again, for sore of side, seethe in oil leaves of bctony,
and bruise them, lay them on the side.

li.

1. Hereinafter are set forth the loathly tokens of
lung disease, and whence it cometh, and how one must
work leechdoms against it. The breast is npblown,
and the thigh and muscle is sore, and the onmis maw
distendeth much, and his legs and his feet swell much
with evil unfeeling swellings, and a drier cough vexes him,
and in the cough at whiles his voice is gone. Smear .
the man with oil, and also warm the sides and the
ribs with new wool, and between the shoulders, a little
before evening, then let the oil remain on him ; and
after that let him blood from the sound elbow " in an
oven, where the fire cannot harm him;" if thou lettest
him too much blood, there will be no hope of his life.
Work him a brewit from roots of wall wort, and from
Heath wort, and horehound, and dill seed ; seethe these
in butter ; give him this breiuit to eat cold in a
morning ; and at night dress his meat Avith oil, and
let all his drink be cold. In many a man the lung
decayeth. Let him drink some emetic drink, and
beat up many hens eggs into a vessel, all raw, then
let him curdle it and eat it, and previously mingle
with curds, and let him take no other milk diet.
A light drink ; take gagel, or siueet gale, boil it in
wort of beer, then let it stand a little, remove the

266 LiECE BOC.

jefcanban bo oy jm jajellaii bo J>omie mpne jiir on
beppeoh J?onne f hit ahebbe pell • bo ]7onne eolenan •
•j pejimob • -j betomcan • -j mepce • *j antjian to jfele
bjimcan,

Jepypc beopypt ]n]> lunjen piinbe • 'j banpypt feo
lf)e hsebbe cpoppan jecnua |>a pyjita tj;a pyl on but-
pan. bjienc pi6 lunjen able jentm hmbheoloj^an leap •
•j limb bejijean • -j japclipan heopbpemlep ^ leap pyl
on pypte Iset bjnncan.

Pij? lunjen able • hmb bepi^ean leap -j hpeobef fpiji
peabe liopan • btpeeopj^ypt bolhpunan • neptan on clse-
num pfetpe ealle ]7ap ]'ypca pylle "j bpmce. ]}ip lunjen
able ]'ypc pealpe on butepan "j j^ije on meolcum • mm
bpiine pypt meobopyjit • bepc pajo • nepte • japclipe.
fol. 100 a. Pi]? lunjen able bpime pyjit cneopholen • betomca •
pubu mepce fnpie • eopop peapn • acumba • japclipe •
tpejen bjiemlaj' • uouelle • pab • pypc to bpence -j to
)*ealpe. Je^i^i eopoppeapn jecnupa *j apylle on butpan
bo |)a pealpe on apyllebe jate meoluc 'j Jncje on neaht
neptij • -j on upan mete. bpenc pi]? bpijpe lun-
jenne • holen pmbe • -j .V. leapan • bile • -j pebic je-
cnua to bufte • 'j op jeot mib ealoS pele bpincan
jelome. 6pt bpenc • mapubian • -j betomcan • mepce
jiube • fupapulbpe pmbe • jiah ]7opn pmbe bpince on
ealaS. bpip pi)? lunjen able • ontpan • eolonan • majiu-
bian • penpypt • j^a clipihtan • pube • mepce • pipo^ •
huni^. Pi}> bpijpe limjenne • op pealpyjite mopan • ^
op pleol^an pypte • hunan • bilep pseb- feo]? on butpan
pele etan colne on mop^enne • ^ on nilit • -j bpip hi]*
mete pi]? ele. 6pt mm alpej- pmbe feo]? on pa3tpe o]?
f }?3ep psetepef pie ]?pibban bsel onbepylleb pele ];oime

' heopbpem bjiemie)-, ]\IS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 267

gagel, then add new yeast, then wrap it up that it I5nf'l^ !•
may rise well, then add helenium, and wormwood, and
betony, and marche, and ontre ; give the man this to
drink.

2. Work together beewort, for a lung wound, and that
bonewort which hath bunches of floAvers ; pound the
two worts, boil in butter. A drink for lung disease ;
take leaves of hindheal, and hind berries, or raspberries,
and garclife, or agrimony, and leaves of the hip
bramble, or dogrose; boil them in wort of beer; make
the man drink.

3. For lung disease ; leaves of hind berries, or rasp'
berries, a spike of a reed, red hove, bishopwort, dol-
hrune, nepeta ; let the man boil all these worts in clean
water, and drink. For lung disease, work a salve in
butter, and take the same in milk ; take brownwoii,
meadwort, birch lichen, nepeta, garclife, or agrimony.
For lung disease ; brown wort, knee holly, betony, wild
marche, sorrel, everfern, oakum (ashes), garclife, the
two brambles, the dogrose and blackberry, wowelle,
woad ; work these into a drink and into a salve. Take
everfern, pound it, boil it in butter, put "the salve"
into boiled goats milk, and let the man take it at
night fasting, and on the top of that his meat. A
drink for a dry lung ; pound to dust rind of holly and
cinqfoil, dill and radish, and pour them all over with
ale ; give the man that to drink frequently. Again,
a drink ; let him drink in ale, marrubium and betony,
marche, rue, rind of crab apple tree, sloe thorn rind.
A brewit for lung disease ; ontre, helenium, marrubium,
wenwort, that namely which is bulbed, rue, marche,
pepper, honey. For a dry lung ; some root of wallwort,
and of fleath Wort, Iborehouud, seed of dill ; seethe these
in butter, give the brewit to the man to eat cold, in
the morning and at night, and di'ess his meat with
oil. Again, take rind of alder, seethe in water till a
third part of the water be boiled away, then give the

268 LMCE BOC.

V cailic jrulne to bpiiicanne on |>]iy ]'i]7al' • Iset liinle btej-
]?e|ine betpeonuiii. ]?i]; limjen punbe • )«e]- blacan
fol. 100 b. ipjep cjioppena *j cojma ?epelu |>peo on bjoj .v. on
niopjene feojran ]'y jjpibban breje ])onne nijon • ]7onne
.XI. ))onne ];jieotcyne • ]?onne pjityne • ];onne feo}:on-
t^me • ]7onne nijantyne • Jjonne .xxi. yele Ipa refteji
bajum bpmcan on pme. 6pt; jnjj lunjen punbe beto-
nican pyl on pine pele bjuncan. pi|? J>on ilcan jemni
miijcpyjit nipepeapbe • "j bpunepypt pyl on butepan.
])\j) lunjen able jentm cpican • -j ac pmbe • -j jajiclipan
^ecnupa tojfebepe • bepylle ];onne ' ]7]nbban bsel on
hpcetrene fy]\te iupe sepceji amylte butepan.

Gpt ^emm bpune j'yjit • -j l:)ij'ceop pypt • pubu mejice •
pubu cepfillan • eopop peapn • hmb hiolo];e • acuinba •
attoplaJ;e • jieabe hope • "j ma^bejie. pi]' lunjen able •
bolbpune • -j i\3pep];e nioj^opeajib • -^ bjiune pyjit • 'j
peabe hope • "j jieabe netlan apylle on hunije '-j on
cubutepan pup on meolcum. 6ft i^emin jitebicep
.III. Ihcieba • -j bpabe leacep jelice -j i'picep .ill. bo f
.III, bajaf o]']7e 1113011.

fol. 101 a. -Lll-

To fpip bjience .VI. cojin aljuiii . xxx. lybcojma -j
J^a jpeatan pyjit nio]?opeapbe • lipejij'e liatte bjnje ]?a
on lunnan "j ellen jiinbe nij^ej'eajibe bjuje eac *j ^etju-
pula fpijje fmsele • bo healpnc bollaii ealoS to» "j fpete
v^ inib liunije • bo lipon butepan • -j pipojiep hpon • *j
jehaste •]> ealu -j bo hpon pealtep to. 6ft pepmob -j
eolonaii la3ppe last ftanban tjia niht on ealo]) bjiince
Jjonne. 6ft jlasbene • hope p leotj'ypt cnupa on eala]? -j
jefpet bjunce ]H)mie. Tip inon hme bpeee opeji ;»;emec
to fpipanne fij^jjan hiiii i'pip bjicnc op lie • jemin pa;tte]-
flaifce]- )-ele tpa fnseba. Pece bjienc • elene ]?one lasp-

Iiisert 0)', as emcudution.

LEECH P.OOK. II. 2fi9

man a. chalice full to drink at three times ; leave- liook ii.
always a days space between. For hmg wound ; of *^'''' "•
the berry bunches of the black ivy and of its grains,
at first three a day, live on the inorrow, seven the
third day, then nine, then eleven, then thirteen, then
fifteen, then seventeen, then nineteen, then tAventy-one;
give them so, according to the days, to be drunk in
vrine. Again, for lung wound, boil betony in wine,
give it to be drunk. For the same ; take the nether-
ward part of jnugwort and brownwort, boil in butter.
For lung disease ; take quitch, and oak rind, and agri-
mony ; pound them together, then boil to the third part
in wheaten wort of beer ; sip afterwards some melted
liutter.

4. Again, take brownwort, and bishopwort. wild
)narche, wood chervil, everfern, hindheal, oakum (aslies),
attorlothe, red hove, and madder. For lung disease ;
dolhrune, and the netherward part of feferth, and brown-
wort, and red hove, and red nettle ; boil them in honey
and in cows butter ; sip this in milk. Again, take
three slices of radish, and the like of broad leek, and
of bacon three : do that for three days or nine.

lii.

1. For an emetic ; six grains of aloes, thirty of lib-
corns, and the netherward part of great wort, wherwe
it hight, dry it in the sun, and elder rind, the nether-
ward part, dry it also, and triturate it very small, add
half a bowl of ale, and sweeten with honey, add a
little butter, and a little pepper, and heat the ale, and
add a little salt. Again, wormwood, and helenium, but
less of it ; let them stand for two nights in ale, then
let the man drink. Again, gladden, hove, float wort,
pound these in ale, and sweeten it, then let the man
drink. If a man strain himself overmuch to spew, after
a spew drink is past oflf from him, take some fat flesh,
give him two slices. A weak emetic drink; helenium,
VOL. IT. R 7 ••-

270 LiECE BOC.

Tan bsel j^unjei' • cammoc pyl f on eala); j'ele f lyt-

lum fupan |;onne hit col fie o]? f he fpipe. ij) i]' hope

nijjepeapb belcjiepen "j jecnuab • -j ellen pyjittjiuman

jimbe ap^ej'c }>a cleene 'j befcjiepene • apenb ];onne op

S J'am pyjittpuman • -j jecnua 50tpo]:>an • -j penpypt fio

peaxe]> on ealbum lanbe • jeot ]?onne hlutco^ eala to •

fol. 101 h. pylle fpa ipijjpe mebo jip liebbe beppeo *j laet I'tan-

ban mhtepne apeoh liollan piilne jel'pete )?onne mib

hunije aj-eoh ]?onne ept • bebinbe ]7onne jenoh peapme •

)o Isete J'onne Itanban neahtepne. bpmce ]?onne on

mojijen 'j hme pjieo peapme 'j liim pla^p beop^e fpij^e

jeopne • lanje he msej on )7am ])yptuni ftanban ^

J^onne hme mon bpmcan piUe onhpepe ept. Py]ice

J'onne m J^iep bollan pulne fpa he Mep pophte • jip he

15- fie to unfpi'6 jejnibe he piptij lyb copna jefpete

jjonne. Pypce fpiSpan jip he piUe • abelpe J^a jpeataii

pypt afcpep ]?a jpeatan pmbe op jecnupa Jjonne fmsele

jeot ]7onne hhittop eala on. Se bpene bi]? fpa peljia

fpa f ealu j-elpe hip. Spipe bpenc • jeiiim ellenpmbe

2 o m]?epeapbe • ^ hamp3i7ite 'j hunbteontij lybcopna je-

cnua fpi|>e pel ealle j;a pypta bo on ealo menje ]?onne •

V jenim ]?onne pah mela hseplep o]?]?e alpej- aj'ipt ];onne

pul clsene tela micle hanb piille bo on ^emanj Iset

fol. 102 a. neahtepne ftanban ahlyttpa fpi]7e pel • jefpet mib

2. r hunije jebpinc fcenc pulne tela micelne, jtp pe bpenc

nelle op jemm onjieb pelle on eala^ bpmcan fcenc pulne

])eapmep j'ona bi|> pel. Pypc fpipbjienc. jenim lybcopn

V -j pipoji copn "j hpit cpuba *j alpan jpmb to bufce

jja pypta fpi)?e • bo on beop fpa on ptn fpa on l^eoppe

LEECH BOOK. IF. 271

the least bit of thung ov aconite, cammock or pence- ijook il
ilanwm; boil that in ale ; when it is cool, give the man ^^' '"'
that to sip little by little, till he spew. . . . that
is, hove, the nether part of it scraped and pounded,
and the rind of elder roots ; wash them clean, and have
them scraped, then rend the rind away from the roots,
and pound goutweed, and wcnwort, that namely whicli
waxeth in old land, then pour thereon clear ale, boil
it, or strongish mead if thou have it, wrap it up and
let it stand or the space of a night, strain out a bowl
fuU, then sweeten with honey, then strain again, then
bind it up warm enough, then let it stand for a nights
space; then let him drink it the morning, and let him
wrap himself up warm, and let him very earnestly
beware of sleep. Long may the drink stand upon the
worts, and when a man hath a mind to drink it, let
him shake it up again : then let him work thereinto a
bowl full, as he before wrought it ; if it be too weak
let him rub small fifty libcorns,' and then sweeten it.
Let him work it stronger if he will ; delve up the
great wort, scrape away the great rind, then pound it
small ; then pour clear ale upon it : the drink is the
better according as the ale is better. An emetic ; take
the nether ward part of the rind of elder, and home-
wort, and a hundred libcorns, pound them very well,
put all the worts into ale, then mix ; then take fine
meal of the hazel or alder, then sift it full clean,put in
a good large handful amidst the rest, let it stand for
a, nights space, clear it very thoroughly, sweeten with
honey, drink a good mickle cup full. If the drink will
not he thrown ofi", take onred, give in ale a cup full of
it warm to the man to drink; soon he will be well.
Work a spew drink thus; take libcorns, and pepper-
corns, and mastich, and aloes, grind the worts to dust
thoroughly, put into beer, or into wine, or into skim

' Seeds of Momordka elaterium.

272 LMCE 1500.

meoluc jij: ]>n ];a]ia o)?ep]\a napj^ep na:^bbe • j^iy ]n\ on
pme pyjice o]y]>e on meolce jefpet mib linnije hpince
tela micelne j'cenc pulne,

Spipe bjienc ]'ypc of beope bo cofc to 'j alpan -j
3" lybcopua piptyne J^apa oj^epa jelice.

Spipe bpenc liampypte .III. fnfieba • -j ellen jinibe be-
penbe jebce micel .xxv. lybcojma ^ Sesnib bo hunije]-
fpilce an fnseb fie on ete ]jonne mib cuclepe on fup
batej* psetepef oSSe cealbej". Jtp bjienc op men nelle •
jemm mepce • "j eejipillan feo]; fpi];e on psetpe bo j-ealt
to bpmce |;onne. Jip hme nman psejTce • jemm nij[;ep
ealaS ambep pulne bo hanb pulle hampypte on • Iset
on hebban bjiince o]? •]? ];n fpipe • fcmi; ]>onne pe];]ie

fol. 102 b. on mub teoh pa jelleftpan tit bpmc ept Sona:-

.; Ntm fcamomam f penij 5epe;^e -j jejnib I'msele -j
hpep benne cej fpi8e pealt bo |?a pyjit on ne laet jeyp-
nan f se^ ac pup. Pyptbpenc • fcamonian jeceo]' )>up
bpec on tu bo hpon on jjine tunjan jtp bto hpite opeji-
bpejbe]; fpa meluc ):»onne bio bi]) 30b • ^ejnib ];onne
1;^ on tpeopenum prete nsep on nanum o}>pum mib fciccan
o]>]>e mib bcepte bo op p mon jejmban ne mjBje -j?
bi)? jeupnen • bo caubcef on .11. bpopan o'S'Se })py •
oj?|?e eleleapep ftelan jej^yl toj-omne • jip luo bi]j j^ob •
b]ienc bi6 on pemnje • jip msetpa hv6 on oSpum beal-

^ IS pum oSSe on t])am aumpe];pimsenem?e.^ Spipe bpenc •

bopan 'j onjieb • -j ellen jnnbe jecnua to Somne ellen
Ifeft • bo l^onne to .XXX. pipoji copna jefpet mib bimije
pele bpincan.

' cybcopna, MS. I ma ? Yet the letters of the text

- Read anb S'l" iV^ I'lum ac ne 1 are quite legible and clear.

LEECH BOOK. TT. 273

milk, if tliou have neither of tlie others; if tlioii work P.ook li.
it in wine or in milk, sweeten it with honey; let Ihc *''•'"•
man diink a good niickle cup full.

2. Work a spew drink of beer, add costmary, and
aloes, and fifteen Hbcorns, of the others similarly.

3. An emetic ; of homewort three pieces, and rend
up elder rind, the same quantity, twenty-five libcorns,
rub them to dust, and of honey as much as would l)e
one piece or 'proportion, then eat thereof with a sjioou,
sip some water hot or cold. If sucli a draught will
not 'pass from a mau, take marche and chervil, seethe
them thoroughly in water, add salt, then let the man
drinl'. If there is inward pain, take a jug full of new
ale, add a hand full of homewort, have the jug held
up and drink till thou spew ; then poke a feather into
thy mouth ; draw the bad matter out, drink again
soon. Take scammony, so much as may weigh a penny,
and rub it small, and half cook a hens egg, salt it
thoroughly, j^ut the wort into it, let not the egg coa-
gulate, but sip it. A wort drink ; choose scammony
thus, break it in two, put a bit on thy tongue, if it
bursteth out white as milk, then it is good ; I'ub it
then in a treen vessel, not in any other, with a spoon
or with a handle, remove what cannot be rubbed down,
that part is coagulated, add two or three drops of
xuoKixov,^ or boil together ivifJt it a stalk of olive
leaf: if it be good the dose will be one pennyweight;
if moderately good, one and a half or two penny-
weights; if bad, three; no more than that. A spew
drink ; hove, and onred, and elder rind ; pound these
together, ]nf^t least of elder, then add thirty -pepper-
conis, sweeten with honey, give the ma7i to drink.

' " Est etiam mecllcamentum • • • I xiv. See the moiition fif 0-iifnaicuv.

" quod KuAiKhf nominatur. . . magis I Book II. Ivi. 4.

" prodest potiii datum." Celsns, IV. !

VOL. IT. S

274 LMCF. BOC.

.LTTL

To leohcum bjience selfj^onan 5yp»jii]:an • betonican
pa cliipyhtaii penpypt • eopop|?potan • heah liiolo)?aii •
ealehrjian • eolonan tpa fnseba • clatan • pejbpgeban •
6ntj\e • cpopleac to p^tan liealp Lalij pa3tep • Iiealp
pie hlutto'^ eala. To leohtum bpence • bifceop pyjit

fo]. in3a. elehcpe • pepmob • pulpep camb pyl on meolcum fpij^e
V appmj l^onne Jmjih claS bpyp ealo on o5Se pm j'eie

fupan, Leoht bpenc bipceop pypt ontpe eolone •
mapubie- bpeopje bpofcle- mepce- [epcj^potu • beConica*
lieah hioloSe • limb hiolo|?e • jajille • m'lnte • bile • pmul •
cepfiUe • bpmce on Bain's jepophte. Unfpipol bjienc
bifceop pypt • ]?epmob • actoplaSe • fppmj pypt; jy '6-
^ pipe • bpeopje bpofde • pmul • jebeaten pipop • jebo ]>a

pyjita ealle on an pset jebo j^onne ealb pm hlutcoji
on "Sone bpenc oSSe fpiSe 50b mebo bpmce jjonne ];one
bpenc neahcnej-tij • *j fpa betepe him Ip fpa he opco]x
bpmce -j ete ]?one bpip j^e hep appiten i]- • byjiij eolo-
nan omppan • ontjie • 50t:po]?e hjiomjeallan • jefcab-
pyjiC niojjopeapbe • jecnua ])& pypta bo fealt on pyl on
butpan. Gpc unfpipol bpenc • bifceoppypr • syj'liipe •
fppmj pypt .V. bajaf bpmce setfomne fimle on mopjne
poplsete oJ?]ie pipe .v. bpmce. Leoht bpenc jemm

fol. 1U3 b. pepmob • -j betonican • "j hioloj^an^ laeft -j hmb hioloj'an
bo on eala. Stille bpenc • betonican • eolone • pepmob •
ontpe • hune • elehtpe • penpypt • ^eappe • bpeopje
bpoftle • acto)ila<Se pelbmojm.

.Lllll.

J)ip mfcice • jenllm appotanan • -j attopla^an • bifceop
pypt ]?a fuj^ejman • jehaete on beope -j fupe. Jip ftice

Read eh hiolojjan.

LEECH BOOK. II. 276

Hii. Book n.

Ch. liii.
For a light drink, iwe elfthon, githrife, betony, the

cloved wen wort, everthroat, liorse heal, lupins, two pro-
portions of heleniiim, clote, waybroad, ontre, cropleek,
for liquid let half bo holy water, half clear ale. For
a light drink ; bishopwort, lupin, wormwood, wolfs-
comb, boil thoroughly in milk, then wring through a
cloth, drop ale or wine upon it, give it the onan to
sip. A light drink ; bishopwort, ontre, helenium, mar-
rubium, dwarf dwostle, marche, ashthroat, betony, horse
heal, hind heal, gagel or sweet gale, mint, dill, fennel,
chervil, let the Tnan drink them wrought up in ale. A
not emetic drink; bishopwort, wormwood, attorlothe,
spriugwort, githrife, pennyroyal, fennel, beaten peppei-,
put all the worts into one vessel, then put clear old
wine into the drink or very good mead, then let the
man drink the draught after his nights fast, and it is
the better for him according as he oftener drinketh, and
let him eat the brewit which is here written ; borough-
helenium, ompre 07' sorrel, ontre, goutweed, ramgall,
the nether part of oxeye, pound the worts, add salt,
boil in butter. Again, a not emetic drink ; bishopwort,
githrife, springwort ; let the man drink for five da5^s
together, always in the morjiing, let him leave it alone
for other five, and drink for five mo^^e. A light drink;
take wormwood, and betony, and horse heal, the least
of this, and hind heal, put them into ale. A quieting
drink ; betony, helenium, wormwood, ontre, horehound,
lupin, wenwort, yarrow, dwarf dowstie, attorlothe, field-
more or carrot.

liv.

For an inward stitch ; take abrotanon and attorlothe,
the southern bishopwort, that is, arami, let the man
heat them in beer and sip. If there be a stitch, but

s 2

276

L^CE BOC.

butan iiinO(Se fie • jenim ]>oniie ])a jieabnn iietlan -j
ealbe j^apan jebeat troSomiie 'j iniijie mib -j he]^e mib
ro ):y]ie.

.LV.

Dpenc -py. mon mnan }:o]ili£epb fie • jecnua eolonan
^ pyl on ealoS 'j betonican • pepmob 'j ]7a clupibtaD '
pen]»y]ir pele bpmcan. pi]^ Income cofcep jobne brel •
-j pmolep ]-?ebep o])e]i fpilc jebeat; fniffile "j jejnib to
bufue. Jemm }>aep cucleji pulne • jebo on ealb ptn o}>];e
ct^pen bpmce ]?onne neahcneptii; ];py bajap.

^^ PiJ> pcejicope bipceoppypt: • pepmob. betonica • jiebtc*

mepce • cof- • jiuban j-teb pyjic ro bpence.

f,)l. Ull

. LVI.

2iy mon ne mseje tirjejan • jemm uman • -j eac
jecpypte banb pulle* "j mebmicebie bollan puhie eala'S'
Ijejjyl ]?pimme f ealo on ]>sd]\e pypte bjnnce ]>onue
/ s neahtnepcij. Gyt jip mon fy|> jajileac on henne
bpo])e 'j yeVS bpmcan j^onne Co Iset: hio f paji. Gpr
jate meoluc -j eceb feo)? {ecjrebepe pele bjimcan. 6pc
jate meoluc "j humj -j pealc pele bpincan. 6pt; pylle
3;eappan on bunije -j on bucpan ece p>a pyjic mib.

?c ]?i]j tirpsejice ept; epelaptan upepeapbe • pej^bpasban

ellenpmbe yealc on ealo jejniben.

Tacn ^ be ucpihtan je on );am upeppan hpipe je on

])am nij^eppan. ])a able mon mse^ onjitan be pam

nt^anje hpilc pe on tinfyne fie. Sum bij; ];ynne fum
2 ': mib ))iccuni psetum jeonb joren. Sum mib ]?a3p m-

no|?ep • "j mib ]>apa fmsel J>eapma jebpocum ^ jemenjeb .

' The MS. has a stop after chiy-
ihran.

-' Nearly as Trallianus, hook x.,

cap. i. p. 1G7, line 27, cd. Liitet.
hook viii., p. 4.'i5, od. Basil.
■' ^va-jj-aTa, Trail,

LEECH l}()(^K. 11. 277

not in tlje inwards, then take the red nettle and old B'>"k n.
soap, beat them together and smear therewith, and '' '^'
foment therewith at the fire.

Iv.

1. A drink, if a man be costive within ; jxumd hele-
nium, boil in ale it and betony, and the cloved wen-
wort ; give tlte man to drink. For inward disease ; a
good deal of costmary, and as much more of seed of
fennel, beat small and rub to dust ; take a spoon full
of this, put it into old wine, or wine boiled down one
third, let the ona^t drink tliis after his nights fast lor
three days.

2. For sudden sickness ; bishopwort, wormwood,
betony, radish, march e, costmary, seed of rue ; work
these, into a drink.

Ivi.

1. If a man may not discharge his bowels ; take
" uman," and also a contracted hand full of it, and a
moderately mickle bowl full of ale ; boil strongly the
ale on the wort, then let tlie Tiian drink it after his
nights fast. Again, if one seetheth garlic on chicken
broth, and giveth it the man as a drink, then it removes
the sore. Again, seethe together and give him to drink
goats milk, and honey, and salt. Again, let him boil
yarrow in honey and in butter, let him eat the wort
with tJiOse.

2. For painful evacuation ; the upper part of ever-
lasting, waybroad, elder rind, salt, rubbed up into ale.

3. Tokens of dysentery either in the upper part of
the belly or in the nether. One may understand the
disease by tlie ftecal discharged, observing what like
it is in appearance : some is thin ; some is suffused
with thick humours ; some is mingled with fragments of
the inwards, and of the small guts ; some is nuich

278 LiECE BOC.

pum I'pi^e 3e}:ylleb mib jjopml'e. Sum fpiSe blobij.
V Sum cym<S op ]mm upeppau iijupe. Sum op ]mm

ni)?e]ipan • |?am |7e op ]?am upeppau hjiipe cymS pe

v ticpfejic )>if tacn biS • f pe man paji jepelS set hif

i'liapolaii -j on hip Iculbpum hepij pap • ^ ]mplr -j

unlufc 'j )?upli b^c J^eajim lytel blob bpopaS ;

fol, 104 b. gi5 uCpiht abl cymS manejum aejiel'u op to miclum

utjanje • -j j^onne lanje lipile ne jymS mon )?tel" o]> f

ye innoj? py]^^ S^ onbujinen je ]?ujili ]? jepunbob •

j ,'chpikim onpnneS op |?am mibhpipe pe ip betpeox ]?8epe

pambe -j J^sejie lippe • -j ]?a j-eap |7a '^e beo^ jemenjebu

op mettum pij? blob -j pi]? oman jeonbjeota]? ]7one

Inno]? pyjiceaS ypelne utjanj "j po]i }nejie jjumnepj'e

)7apa,omena ne m^ej beon jehsepb ]jy fe mete ac beoj?

/s pomob j?a inno]7af bebpipen ]7onne py)V^ f to utpsepice.

JOu mon ]7a utypnenban men pcyle lacnian pann mon

fceal j'ellan |;a mettaj- |?a ^e pambe neappian -j J?am

V majan ne fce]?|;an • caulej- leaj> • hpilum pyi'ena b]io}>

•j eceb • *j pop mib pejbpasban ^efoben -j ealbne cyl'e

c gelbbenne on ^ate meolce mib ]y fmeppe jate • lipilum

bpsebe ];one cyfe ^] bpijne lilap *j psetep f pie pofe on

jefoben hpilum j'ceapp pm bpmce. pync him onlejena

to clame jepojiht • bejien raelo o]7)?e hpreten mib hunije

jeSoben • nub mebmicle * * '* * *

Here ma7iy folios have been taken from the MS. In
the margin " hic lacuna efc," now erased, may be read.

V

LEECH BOOK. II. 279

filled with ratten ; some is very bloody ; some cometh I^ook 11.
jfrom the upper belly/ some fi-om the lower : of that
in which the discharge cometh from the upper belly, this
is a token, that the man feeleth sore at his navel, and
heavy sore on his shoulders, and thirst, and loss of
appetite, and a little blood droppeth through the back
gut or rectum.

4. The disease d3''senteria cometh to many first ft-om
too mickle fsecal discharge, and then a man for a long
while attendeth not to this, till the inwards become
either inflamed, or through that neglect wounded.
At whiles it beginneth from the midriff, which is
betwixt the wamb and the liver, and the juices fi-om
meats which are mingled with blood and with bad hu-
mours, pour themselves through the inwards and cause
an evil faecal discharge, and for the grimness of the
inflammatous matters the food cannot be contained,
but the inwards,- along with it, are driven down,
then that turneth to dysentery. We say noiv, how
one must cure the man thus afflicted ; to him one must
give the meats which restrain the wamb and do not
scathe the maw, juice of colewort, at whiles peas broth,
and vinegar, and porrum or leek sodden with waybroad,
and old cheese sodden in goats milk, along with the
grease of goat. At whiles roast the cheese and diy
bread, and let him drink water which has been sodden
upon roses, at whiles sharp wine. Work him poultices
wrought to a clammy mass, barley or wheaten meal
sodden with honey, with a moderately mickle *

' 'E| vi|/ijAfc'i/ ivTfpuv, boioels cor- i tions of the intestines, and tw
rectly. j iyrtpcDV fj tpvaiKi] TrtfifK-q, the fat

- That is c,vaiJ.ara, abraded poi^ \ naturally adhering to them.

280 ■ L.ECE i;oc.

^: W- -if- S' * ^- * * *•

.LIX.
MS. liarl. 00., fol. 1 a.

ndf-t-Tis or pi5 |7iejie liealj: beabau able -j bjninon seo cume •

,seo abl cyiii'6 on Jja Ipi'Span heal):e ]my lichoiiiaii •
o(SSe on ]7a pynlrjian • ]?ce]i ])a pna roj'lupaS ^j beoS
nub ]-lipiT;]ie 'j jnccejie ptetan ypeljie 'j vfeljie ]?iccejie
•j mj'celpe.'

])a j^peran man j-cicl niib bloMiej'um -j bjiencnm -j
liecebonnmi on j^ej abon • J'onne peo abl cume jepelr
on Sone niannan ]?onne ontync ];u Ins niu'5 j'ceapa hip
tunjan j'onne biS heo on J^a healpe lipittpe ]>e peo abl
on beon ])ilc • lacna linic |:»onne ]nip • Gepejie j^asne
mannan on j'piiSe proptne cleo]:an -j peapinne jepel'ue
hnn pjnSe pel hleope ]78ep "j peapme jleba bepe man
jelonie mn.

Onpjieoh hme |)onne -j pceapa Ins lianba jeojme • 'j
ppa hp;e)?ejie ppa Su cealbe pmbe Iset hnn j-ona blob
on ]7a3pe cealban sebpe • septeji ]>iejie blobltepe • Imhjieja
yrab .III. mho lele him pypt bpenc litypnenbe bo
jiScojma Ipa peala ]'pa JfEcap piton p to pyptbpence
]-culoii 'J YfA jepabe pypta.

JOpilum alpan a3}:re]i hipe juhre • him men Ictel j-ellan
hpilum Icamoniam • hpilum eyt septreji j'yjicbpencum •
];onne he jepelb j-y . tec eyz blob on rebjie ppa ]m on
ppuman bybepr • hpilum ]yu reoh mib jla^pe o8Se mib
hopne blob op ]niin j-ajian fuojnim abeabobum.

fol. 1 b. ]h]y J;;e]ie healpbeaban able • bej^e hpilum J^a papan

f-ope iGX: heojrSe oS8e be jlebum • -j pmepe mib ele •
•j mib luilpenbum pealpum • *j jntb ppySe f j>a pealpa

' The MS. thus.

LEECH EOOK. 11. 281

lix. ]?o(,k II.

llic Mt^. i^ecvLS to have been turitteu about A.D. 1040.

1. For the Iialf dead disease and whence in coincth. Hemiplegia.
The disease cometh on the right side of the body, or

on the left, where the sinews are powerless, and are
afjiided with a slippery and thick humour, evil, thick,
and niickle.

2. Tlie humour must be removed witli bloodlettings,
and draughts, and leechdoms. When first the disease
cometh on the man, then open his mouth, look at his
tongue, then is it whiter on that side on which the
disease is about to be ; then tend him thus : carry
the man to a very close and warm chamber, rest him
very well there in shelter, and let warm giedes be
often carried in.

3. Then unwrap him and view his hands carefully,
and whichsoever thou find cold, on that cold vein let
him l>lood. After the bloodletting, somewhere about
three nights, give him a pui-ging wort drink, put in
as many githcorns^ as leeches know nmst be put into
a wort drink, and suitable worts.

4. At whiles must be given him aloes after their
[)roper method, at whiles scannnony ; at whiles again
after wort drinks, when he is in repose, let blood
again on a vein as thou didst at fii-st ; at whiles draw
blood with a cupplny glass or a horn from the
sore deadened places.

5. For the half dead disease. Warm at whiles the
sore place at the hearth or by giedes, and smear
with oil, and with healing salves, and rub smartly so

Berries of the Dafnc Idurcvla.

282 LiECE BOC.

in bej^mcen. Pypc ro jealfe ealbiie pyple jealtne heoji-
tejf meajili • jof e jiyfle • o^^e hsenna • -j bo jobe pypta
to beSe J^a sapan I'rope tet pype.

JOpilum onleje -j onbinb pic • "j peax • pipop • "-j

I'mepii • -j eie • tojeebepe jemilteb. IDpilum on ]?a

V^ j'apan j-mua "j appollenan leje on 'j bmb on jate

cypbelu jemenjeb piS hunij • oSSe on ecebe jepoben •

]?onne J^pmaS J?a aj'lapenan "j ]?a aj^pollena ^ j'lna.

Pyi^c liini pyp~ bpenc ]?e ne biS utypnenbe • ue
ppipol ac cobjiip^ -j lyclab ])&, yfelan pgetan • on ])ain
feocum men ]7e bi]? ]"pa j'pa hoph o^Se pij'oba oS^e
jilliptjie.
V Genim hunijep ]7ip^ ly'^le punb bo J?onne to };an je-

beaten 'j apift pipop • syle Jjonne to picjanne J^am
uncpuma ^ men. EfC ymbe ]>peo niht j-yle liim on
])am ilcan ^emete oS8e mape • -j ]-pa ymb fcopep
niht.

PrS ]?8e]ie healp beaban able • bo p>u hpilum pealtep
cuclep msel to menje piS hunij 'j ej:t pipoji • cunna
fpa sejj^ep je on ]?ipum loscebome je on oSpuin ]:>8ein
\ie ic eac ppite liu hit on ntman polbe • pp p lie
heapb pi utan leje on Jiane Isecebom j;e f lieapb popbi
lipelije -j ]?8et ypel uc teo. Ceoli limi blob op jip pset
fol. 2 a. neb o^Se f heapob j-ap pi on |?am hnepcan • -j nicca ~

]'apa Iseceboma ]?e J^ane hoph op ]?am heapbe teo • ^ o]?];c
l^uph mu'S . o^^e jmjili nopu • -j ];onne he ]>a, miht
hsebbe ^ebo p he jelonie jepnepe • syle him J^a mettaj'
J>e pyn eaSmylte • -j 50b j-eap heebben "j he ppam ];am
mectum rasege piuahjan • psec pyn jej'obene pypta •
pyll • jeoce man ]3 sepefce pop -j p aptepe onpej • bo

MS. thus. I - Corrected to nycca, MS.

LEECH BOOK. II. 283

that the salves may sink in. Work into a aalve Book ii.
somo old salt grease, some horse marrow, some goose
fat or hens, and add good worts, and warm the sore
2:)laces at the fire.

6. At whiles lay on and bind on pitch, and wax,
and pepper, and grease, and oil melted together. At
whiles lay on and bind on the sore swollen sinews
goats treadles, mingled with honey, or sodden in vine-
gar ; then the paralyzed and swollen sinews dwindle
to their -proper size.

7. Work him a wort drink, which is not purging
nor yet emetic, but which driveth off and diminishes
the evil humour in the sick man, which is, as it were,
foulness, or rheum, or mucus.

8. Take of honey this small pound,^ then add to it
beaten and sifted pepper ; then give it to the infirm
man to eat. Again, about three nights after, give it
him in the same quantity, or more ; and so about four
nights after that.

9. For the half dead disease; at whiles, apply a
spoon measure of salt ; mingle with honey and pepper
besides. Try both in this leechdom and in others,
which I also write, how it will hold; if the body be
hard on the outside, lay on the leechdom that the hard
part hy it may turn to ratten, and may draw out the
mischief. Draw blood from him, if the face or the
head he sore, in the tender place ; and make use of the
leechdoms, which may draw the foul matter from the
head, either through tlic moutli or through the nose ;
and when he hath the power, cause him to sneeze often ;
give him the meats which are easy of digestion, and
have a good succulence, and that he by means of the
meats may grow slender ; that is to say, (jive hion
sodden worts ; boil them ; let the first and the second

' That is, a pound by weight, not a pint by measure : see Leechbook,
II. Ixvii.

284 L^CE EOC.

jwiiiie gob yoy to • ^ yyle to I'j'Cjanne bo lycel yealc •

V 'j ele • *j mejice to -j pojiji • 'j J'aiin ^elice. Jlealb ]?onne

jeojine ]3 ye mete y'i jemylt teji he him eyt jype •

j:o]iSan ]'e ]"e unjemylra mece him pyjicS mj'^cel yyel •

5 ycijiej" pmey bjimce ?et hpseja gij: he ma jJille • bjimce

hac preteji. liealbe hine jeojine pi^ bae]> • -j hj'iliim

jjonne he hit jejjpopian mceje l?ete him blob on mnaii

eapme "j pceappije ]>a pcancan • sepele lascebom • "j hu

]-eo ]iealp beabe abl • (s]i peopeptijum obSe piftijum

10 pintjia npeppe on men ne becume.

Sume bee l?ejiaS ])iS Jjiupe healpbeaban able ]i man
pmtpeo]' b?epne to jlebum "j J^onne ])a jleba j-ette
topopan ]?am ]-eocum men -j -j) he ]7onne oncynbum
ea^um -j opene mu];e ]7ane jiec ipelje ];a Jjpage ])e he
I s mieje • "j ]?onne he ma ne raseje onpenbe his neb
apej lychpon *j ejic penbe to -j onpo 6am ftenie *j ]pa
bo telce biege o'6 ]3 pe biel ]?xy lichoman J^e j'tUji abea-
bob psej" *j jelepeb to J^iejie reppan hselo becume.
fol. :2 b. SoShce peo abl cym8 on inonnan teptep peopeptijmii

o^iSe fiptijum piiitpa jip he bi'S cealbpe jecynbo ]7onne
cym5 aepteji peopejicijum elcoji cym^ septeji piptijuin
pmtjui his jsepjetale]- • jip hit jmjjian men jehmpe
]>onne biS p eablsecnepe • ^ ne biS peo ylce abl
J7eah ]>e nngleape hecap penaii ]> p peo ylce healp-
beabe abl y'i. liu jelic abl on man becume on jeo-
^oSe on pumum lime ppa ayii peo healpbeabc abl on
ylbo beS. ne biS hit peo healp beabc abl ac hpilc
jcthpeja ypel piece biS jejoten on f lim ]?e hit on
jepic • ac biS ea'bhecnepe • ac peo j'oSe healpbeabe fibl
C}^mS a3ftep. piptijum pmtpa.

Gip inon jy ptepe healfbieban able j'eoc • o^b'e bjuuc
peoc • pypc him oxumelli pubepne eceb bjienc ecebej- •
•j hunijep • 'j piutepep jemanj.

LEEOTT r.OOK. TI. 28'

infusion of them he poured away; then aJd some <;oo(l Hook II.
decoction, and give it him to partake of; add a httle *''■''"•
salt, and oil, and marche, and leek, and such as those.
Observe then carefully that tlie meat be digested, ere
one give him any again ; since the undigested meat
worketh liim much evil : let him drink some sheer wine ;
if he want more, let him drink hot water. Let him
hold back carefully from the bath, and at whiles, when
he may endure it, let him blood on the inner part of
the arm, and scarify his shanks. A noble leechdom !
And noiv, how the half dead disease never cometh on
a man before forty or fifty years of age.

10. Some books teach for the half dead disease, that
one should burn a pinetree to gledes, and then set tlie
gledes before the sick man, and that he then, with
eyes disclosed and open mouth, should svv^allow the
reek, for what time he may ; and when he is no longer
able, he should turn his face away a little, and again
turn it to the hot embers, and accept the glow ; and
so do every day, till the part of the body which was
deadened and injured come again to its former health.

11. Well, the disease cometh on a man after forty
or fifty winters; if he be of a cold nature, then it
cometh after forty ; otherwise, it cometh after fifty
winters of his tale of years : if it happen to a younger
man, then it is easier to cure, and it is not the same
disease, though unclever leeches ween that it is the
same half dead disease. How can a like disease come
on a man in youth in one limb, as the half dead
disease doth in old age? It is not the half dead
disease, but some mischievous humour is effused on tlie
limb, on which the harm settles ; but it is easier of
euro ; and the true half dead disease cometh after
fifty years.

12. If a man be sick of the half dead disease, or
epileptic, work him o0ujw.eA<, a southern acid drink, a
mixture of vinegar, and honey, and water.

286 l;ece boo.

Him ecebey anne bsel • hunijey rpejen bselay pel
jeclaej'nobej* • psetejiej* jzeopSan • jpeoS j^onne oS f
]?pibbaii bsel J)fepe psetan • oS'Se peop'San • -j pleot
■p pam -j p pot fymle ^ op oS]>8et hit jepoben pi •
jip J»u piUe ]?one bpenc ptpenjpan pypcan • ]7onne
bo )pu ppa mycel ]78ep ecebep ppa }>sep hunijep -j nytta
Jjpep Ifieceboma]- je pi5 pippe able je piS pelcepe pul
neali. llim pimble ])veY ecebbpencep fpa jepophtep
j'pa mycel ppa ]>e ]?ince • bo piS jjippum ablum psebic
fol. 3 a. oil f peap ]7£B]- bpmcep la^t beo nilitepne on • syle

Jjonne on mopjenne J^am j-eocum men • neahtnefui-
511m ]7ane psebic fpa jefeapne to Jjicjanne fpa he
fpySuft mseje • -j p ]m Jeanne laepe j^sej' seapep
j-ySSan ]-e psebic ope^ py • jeot hat pteteji on syle
bjuncan ])am seocum men to pylle. anb ]?onne ymbe
anep bse^ey hpile ftmje him mon pe];epe on muS
oSSe pmjep nebe hme to fpipanne. mm ept elej'
anne bsel* peapmep psetepej- tpe^an* pealtep tpejaii
cucele]'^ puUe menj tojsebejie pyle to bpmcanne ceac
pulne -j ]?anne fringe pmjeji on mu8 bsebe to fpi-
panne • Iset ]?anne fpipan on ]?ane ylcan ceac ]>e he
tep op bpanc jefceapa ponne hpseSeji pe^ spipSa ]-y
ppa micel ppa he pbji jebpanc • jip he mapa jy tyla
hi]' ppa • jip he emmicel pi pane '' pe he seji jebpanc
pyle ept on Sa ilcan pipan oSpset he ma fpipe panne
he jebpmce teji • pis pceal fpipuft piS blsebpan able
♦j J^sem fta.num pe on blsebbpan pyn.

PiIS pifBpe healpbeaban [able] • Nim p ]J8ete]i pe
pyopan jifBpan on jepobene opep piUeba pyle bjimcan
fpiSe ponne pecS'^ p pone innoS "-j cl^enpaS. Ept pyn-

' fuiyle, MS.

- Read O]-, for oye.

^ Read cuclejiaj-.

' On this form, see St, Marharete,
p. 84.

^ Read I^am.

'■ Perhaps j'ej-c^, washeth.

LEECH BOOK. fT. 287

13. Take of vinegar, one part; of honey, well Book ir.
cleansed, two parts; of water, the fourtli iwH ; then < '■• i'^-
seethe clo^vn to the third or fourth part of the liquid,

and skim the foam and the refuse off continually, till
the mixture be fully sodden. If thou wish to work
the drink stronger, then put as much of the vinegar
as of the honey, and use the leechdom either for this
disorder, or for full nigh any one. Take always of the
acid drink, so wrought, as much as may seem good to
thee. For these disorders put a radish into the liquor
of the drink ; let it be in it for the space of a night ;
then give in the morning to the sick man, after his
nights fast, the radish so liquored to eat, as he best
may; and then, when the radish is gone, pour thou
hot water on the remains of the liquor ; give it to the
sick man to drink to the full. And then, after about
a days space, let some one poke a feather into his
mouth, or a finger ; 1-et him compel him to spew.
Again, take of oil, one part ; of warm water, two ; of
salt, two spoons full ; mingle them together ; give to
drink a jug full, and then poke a finger into his moutli ;
bid him spew; let him spew into the same jug from
which he before di'ank ; then examine whether the
vomit be as much as he ere drank. If it be more, tend
him then ; if it be just as much as he before dranlc,
give him again in the same wise, till he spew more
than he drank before. This must be applied chiefly
for disease of bladder, and for the stones which are
in the bladder.

14. For the half dead [disease]. Take the water on
which peas were sodden, and overboiled ; give it tJir
man to drink. That strongly waketh up and cleanseth

288 JuMCR T,OC. '

pnlliiii leaj: on pin jejmben p cl^enpaS ])ane mnac).
Pi5 pan ilcan ep • ellene)^ bloj'man jenim -j jejnib ^
v^ 5emeni;e pi6 liunij 'j [^ebo on box • -j ]?onne ]^ea]\y pi

;t;eniin bollan pulne hluccjiep jefpettep ptnep jemeuje
piS ]3 'j apeohhe pyle bpmcan. yrti ];an ilcau betan
mib liipe pyptjiiiman peo^S on j^retejie butan pealte •
]-yle l^onne jjtpp psetejiej- bollan pulne to jcbjiincanne.

.LXIV.

fol. io5a. jSce o]?epne healpne penmj ^epeje jejmb fpi|;e finale
bo ];onne on liluttoji rej -j pele |)am men to fup-
anne • hio ip fpi];e 50b eac on ]>ap pifan piS hpoftan
•j pi|? fpjiin^e bo pap ]'y]ite on he bi]? pona hal. Jjip
ip bakaman fmypmj pi}^ eallum untpnmnepj-um ]>e on
niannep lieboman bi]? • pi]? pepjie • 'j pi]:> pcmlace -j pri
eallum jebpolj^mje. Sal fpa pame j-e petpa oleum lie
]]■ 50b 'jpealb CO bpmcanne pi's mnan ciebepnej-pe 'j
utan to fmejipanne on pintpep ba:i3e pop ]?on J^e he
h{iep6 fj'iSe micle hrete poji 5y hme mon fceal bjuncan
on jnntpa • 'j he ip 30b jip hj^am feo fpjitec o]>fylS
nime ];onne -j pyjice cjiifcej' mjel unbep hip tunjan *j
hi]- an lycel fpelje • jTp mon eac op hip jepitte peopSe

^selcmu? |?onne nime he hip btel "j pypce epiftep mtel on selcpe-^

, lime bucan epuc on J^am heapbe popan pe fceal on

balzame beon -j o]jep on ]7am heapbe upan. Tyjuaca
"Tp 50b bpenc pi}) eallum innoS tybepneppum • *j pe
man fe ]>e hme f])a bejas]) fpa hit hep on pejS j^onne
msej he him miclum ^ehelpan. To ]?am boeje ]>e he

fol. 105 b. pille hine bpincan he fceal preftan o]? mibne brej *j ne
Itete hme pinb beblapan ])y btej^e • ;^a liim ]wnne on

LEECH ROOK. II. 289

the inwards. Again, leaves of liouseleek bruised in Book li.
wine; that cleanseth the inwards. For the same again ; CU. lix.
take blossoms of elder, and rub them, and mix them
with honey, and put them in a box, and when need
be, take a bowl full of clear sweetened wine, mingle
with that and strain : administer. For the same ;
seethe beet with its roots in water without salt ; then
administer a bowl full of the water to drink.

Ixiv. Patriarch

Ilelias sends
******** -:ij these to King

Alfred.

so much as may weigh a penny and a half, rub very
small, then add the white of an egg, and give it to the
man to sip. It (balsaon) is also very good in this wise
for cough and for carbuncle, apply this wort, soon shall
the man be hole. This is smearing with balsam for
all infirmities which are on a mans body, against
fever, and against apparitions, and against all delusions.
Similarly also petroleum is good to drink simple for
inward tenderness, and to smear on outwardly on a
winters day, since it hath very much heat ; hence one
shall drink it in winter : and it is good if for anyone
his speech faileth, then let him take it, and make the
mark of Christ under his tongue, and swallow a little
of it. Also if a man become out of his wits, then
let him take part of it, and make Christs mark on
every limb, except the cross upon the forehead, that
shall be of balsam, and the other also on the top of
his head. Triacle (Syj^iuxov) is a good drink for all in-
ward tendernesses, and the man, who so behaveth him-
self as is here said, he may much help himself. On
the day on which he will drink triacle, he shall fast
until midday, and not let wind blow on him that
day : then let him go to the bath, let him sit tliere
VOL. IL T

290 L^CE BOC.

hve]? yicte }^£e]i on oS f he fpfete • nime ];onne ane
cuppan bo an lytel peapmep pcetpej' on mnan nime
jjonne ane lytle pnreb ]>£&]" cypiacan -j jemenje ' pi|> ]3
psetep "j peoh J>upli }>ynne lipsejl bjimce ]7onne • -j ja
s him j7onne to hip pefre "j beppeo hme peapme • ^ hcje
fpa o]7 he pel fpaste • apij'e ]?onne -j fitre him up "j
fcippe hme -j J^ic^e pi]7);an hip mete to nonef -j beopje
him jeopne pi); ];one pmb p^jep baejep • ]?onne ^elype
ic to jobe ^ hit ]7am men miclum jehelpe. Se hpita

1 ftan msej pi]> fcice -j pi]? pleojenbum atcpe • -j pi|?
eallum uncuj^um bpocum • bu j-cealt hme fcapan on
psetep "j bpmcan tela mieel "j J'sepe peaban eopj^an bsel
pcape jfseji to -j ]?a franaf fmt ealle fpiSe jobe op to
bpmcanne pi]? eallum uncu]7licu ]?in5 • ^ honne f pyji

1 1 op ]?am fcane aplejen Wt ip 50b pi^ lijetta • -j pi^
]7unoppaba -j piS aelcep cynnef jebpol j^m^ • "j jip mon
on hif pege bi]> jebpolob j-lea him anne fpeajican
bepopan bi]? he j-ona on jiihtan. bip eal het ]ju]'

fol. IOC a. pec;5ean ffilppebe cynin;<;e bomne heliaj' patpiapcha on
2 b ^epuj-alem.

.LXV.

Q^p hopf oj'fcoten pie • Nim Jjonne ■^ peax j^e ^vet
lisepte fie pealo h]iy];e]ief hojm -j pien . III. rejiene
nse^laf on • Pjiit }?onne j^am hopj-e on pam heapbe
pojian cpifcep msel "j on leoJ»a jehpilcum ]?e J?u aetpeo-

ixs Ian TOseje • Nim ]?onne f pmefcpe eape ]7U]ili ftmj
fpi^enbe • ]?ip j^u j-cealt bon • ;5enim ane jipbe pleah
on f base {?onne bi]; f hopp hal • -j appit on ]isey
pcaxep hopne ];a]' jjojib • benebicite omnia opepa
bomini bommum. Sy f ylpa ];e him fie ]np him maej

3c Co bote, pi]? utppepce bpembel ]?e pien bejeii enbaf

After semense, MS. lias ])e pij'. | -' Head ealle.

LEECH BOOK. TI. 291

till he sweat ; then let him take a cnp, and j)iit a Book II.
little warm water in it, then lot him take a little bit '" '"^'
of the triacle, and mingle with the water, and drain
through some thin raiment, then drink it, and let him
then go to his bed and wrap himself up warm, and
so lie till he sweat well ; then let him arise and sit
up and clothe himself, and then take his meat at noon,
three Jiours past midday, and protect himself earnestly
against the wind that day : then, I believe to God,
that it may help the man much. The white stone is
powerful against stitch, and against flying venom, and
against all strange calamities : thou shalt shave it into
water and drink a good mickle , and shave thereto a
portion of the red earth, and the stones aie all very
good to drink of, against all strange uncouth things.
When the fire is struck out of the stone, it is good
against lightenings and against thunders, and against
delusion of every kind : and if a man in his way is
gone astray, let him strike himself a spark before him,
he will soon be in the right way. All this Dominus
Helias, patriarch at Jerusalem, ordered one to say to
king Alfred.

Ixv.

If a horse is elf shot,' then take the knife of whicli
the haft is horn of a fallow ox, and on which are three
brass nails, then write ujDon the horses forehead Christs
mark, and on each of the limbs which thou may feel
at : then take the left ear, prick a hole in it in silence ;
this thou shalt do ; then take a yerd, strike the horse
on the back, then will it be hole. And write upon the
horn of the knife these words, " Benedicite omnia opera
domini, dominum." Be the elf^ what it may, this is
mighty for him to amends. Against dysentery, a

* Elf shot in the Scottish phrase. I partitive, as II)nlc haele'Sa, what
- The construction as in Ic hir I hero.
eom, / am he ; combined with the I

T 2

fol. lOG b.

292 L^CE BOC.

on eo]i)?an • jenim ]?one neopjian pyjittjiuman belj: up
]7pi'c iiijon fponaf on ];a pmfcjian hanb *j ymj ]?pi]ia
miSejiejie mei beuj- • -j nijon fijmm patep nojfteji •
jennn j^omie mucjpyjit; • -j epelafcan • pyl ]?ap ]>peo ^ on
meolcum o]> p hy jieabian fiipe }>onne on neahc nejxij
jobe blebe puUe hpile sep he oJ?ejine inete J^icje • pefce
lime j'opre • -j ppeo hme peapme • jip ma j^eapp fie bo
eft fpa • jip ]>n J^onne jit ]?uppe bo }>pibban pi]je ne
}>eappt ]m optop. rtp utjanj popfeten fie jenim ji'S-
cojmep leapa jobe hanb pulle -j pa pupan pejbpseban
nio]?opeapbe • "j boccan ];a ]>e fpimman pille • pyl paj"
|7peo on ealbum ealab fpi]7e -j bo pealte butepan on
pylle l^icce Iset; bpmcan jobe blebe pulle lipile sep oSpum
mete -j ppeoh lime peapme • 'j pefce fcille bo }>up ];pipa
iS ne ]7eapp opto*^.

pip lunjen able laecebom bun caslire • paluie • pube be

liealpan ]:'sepe paluian • pepep pujian emmicel |)apa tpejea

pypta ]7a3]ie j-aluian ]?peo fpelc bpeopje bpoftlan liiepe ])e

nu^ ealpa pypta pypmej-t on ]?a pealpe ]>e him J^ipej'

20 laecebomep peapp fie healbe hme jeojme pi]? jefpet eala

bjimce hluttop eala -j on ]?£e)' hluttpan ealaS pyjite

pylle jeonje acpmbe "j bjimce. pij? utpsepce gemm

unfmepijne healpne cyfe bo enjlipcep huni^ep .ill.

fnseba to • pylle on pannan op f hit bpunije • jenim

?i l^onne jeonjpe acpmbe hanb pulle "j fpa fpijenbe set

ham jebpmj 'j nseppe m on j^one mon j-ceape p jjiene

on utan pylle pa fagp fpone on cu meolce jefpete mib

fol. 1U7 a. })pim fn^ebum humjef pone bpenc picje ponne mib Sy

cype jepceji bpence .vii. niht eala popja *j meoloc

,. picje unfiipe. ^ip unlybbum fupe cu butejian .villi.

' Two herbs are named : the chips | - These words are scarcely with-
are third. I out error.

LEECH BOOK. II. 293

bramble of which both ends arc in the earth ; ^ take Booli il.

the newer root, delve it up, cut up nine chips into the ^'^' '■''^'

left hand, and sing three times the Miserere mei, deus,

and nine times the pater noster ; then take mug wort

and everlasting, boil these three, the vjorts and the

chips, in milk till they get red, then let the man sip

at night fasting a good dish full, some while before he

taketh other meat ; let him rest himself soft, and wrap

himself up warm ; if more need be, let him do so

again : if thou still need, do it a third time, thou wilt

not need oftener. If the fsecal discharge be lodged,

take of the leaves of githcorn a good hand full, and

the nether jDart of the rough waybroad, and the dock

which will swim ; boil these three in old ale thoroughly

and add salt butter, boil it tliick, let the inan drink

a good dish full a while before other meat, and let

him wrap himself up warm, and let him rest quiet ;

do this thrice, no need to do it oftener.

2. For lung disease, a leechdom ; Dun taught it ;
sage, rue, half as much as of the sage ; feverfue as
much as of the two worts ; of pennyroyal three
times as much as of the sage ; take thee of it of
all worts foremost to put into the salve. Let the
man, who hath need of this leechdom, withhold him-
self earnestly from sweetened ale, let him drink
clear ale, and in tlie wort of the clear ale let him
boil young oak rind, and drink. For dysentery, take
an ungreasy half cheese, and four parts of English
honey, boil in a pan until it browneth, then take a
liand full of young oak rind, and so in silence bring
it home, and never bring it in to the mans presence,
shave off the green outside the house, boil the sappy
chips in cows milk, sweeten it mtli three parts of
honey, let the man take the drink with the cheese,
afterwards let him drink : for seven days let him fore-
go ale and take milk ' not turned sour. For poisons ;
let him sip cows butter for nine mornings, for three,

' Frequently seen : spontaneous propagation

294 L2ECE BOC

mojijnaj" . III. yopan , viii. mojxjnay cepfillan jemefclice
on pine ])]ubba bsel psetpef mme j^onne lipejilipettan
nio])opea]ibe jmb on pylifc ^ ealo fpete mib liumje
bpmce l^sepe teoj'an niht • Co mete ]7one bjienc on J^jieo
Jjicje sQu ]7am ]?pim honcpebum.

Pi]? ]?£epe jeolpan able • jenim nio]7opeapbe eolenan
jebo ]3 J>u hsebbe on Jmm jzopman baaje J?onne J?ii hipe
eepefc bpuce on mopjen nnn jjjieo fnseba *j )?peo on mht
■j hipe pculon beon on hunij ^efnseb • ^ ]yj sepcejian
mepjen . Iiii. fnseba -j iiii. on mhc • "j ]?pibban mep-
jen .V. fnaeba -j . V. on niht • -j J^y peop]?an mepjen.
.VI. "j VI. on nihr. j)ep bpenc pceal pi]? |)on ilcan.
jemm alexanbpian "j jpunbefpeljean cnua fmale -j bo
Co bpence on bluccjium eala^. Tiy. men fie pseplicc
ypele j^ypce . iii, cpifcep msel an on J^eepe cunsan o]7ep
on |?am heajzbe • Jppibbe on J^am bpeofcum pona bi8 pel.
To jehealbanne lichoman liselo mib bjnhcnep jebebe •
j^if ip 8e]?ele Isecebom • genim myppan -j jejnib on ptn
fpilce fie cela micel fceap ful -j J^icje on nihc nepcij •
fol. 107. b. "j epc ]?onne pefcan pille f jehealbe]? punboplice Iteho-
man liselo "j htc eac beah pi)> peonbep cofcunjtim
yplum.

Jjonne ip epfc pe je];elefca Isecebom Co ]7on ilcan • jenim
N/ myppan -j lijnc pecelp *j fap man • -j faluiam • 'j pupman -j

jyvey pecelj-ep -j myppan fy mjepc • -j ]?a o]7]ie fyn aj^ejene
)?apa fien empela • 'j aecfomne on mojicepe jejnibe Co
bufce pefcCe unbep peopob jjonne cpifcep Cib fie -j
jefmje mon .iii. maejyan opep J>a .in. bajaf on mibne

V pmcep -j sec fcepanep cibe "j See lohannep euanje-
bfca -j ]?a ]7py bajap ]>icje on pme on nealiC nepcij -j

V f ]>8ep Co lape fie Jjsep bufcep haja -j jebealb; hit

' pyhcf, MS.

LEECH BOOK. IJ. 295

soap, for eight mornings of chervil, a moderate quantity, Book II.
in wine., a third part cdso of water ; then let him take '' ^^'
the netherward part of cucumber, rub it up into
foreign ale, sweeten with honey, let the man di-inlc
that the tenth night, for meat let him take the drink
at three times at the three cock crowings,

3. For the yellow disease ; take the netherward part
of helenium, contrive that thou mayest have it on the
previous day ; when first thou usest it, take three
pieces in the morning and three at night, and they
shall be hits of it sliced into honey ; and the second
morning four pieces, and four at night; and the third
morning five pieces, and five at night ; and the fourth
morning six, and six at night. The following drink
shall avail for the same ; take alexanders and ground-
sel, pound them small, and form them into a potion in
clear ale. If a man have sudden ailments, make three
marks of Christ, one on the tongue, the second on the
head, the third upon the breast, soon he will be well.
To keep the body in health with prayer to the Lord :
this is a noble leechdom : take myrrh and rub it into
wine, so much as may be a good stoup full, and let
the man take it at night fasting, and again when he
will rest ; that wonderfully upholdeth the health of
the body, and it also is efficacious against the evil
temptings of the fiend.

4. This is the noblest leechdom for the same ; take
myrrh and white frankincense, and savine and sage, and
dyeweed, and of the frankincense and of the myrrh
let there be most, and let the others be weighed, of
them let there be equal quantities ; and have them
rubbed to dust together in a mortar, have them set
under the altar, when it is Christmas tide, and let one
sing three masses over them, for three days in mid-
winter, and at St. Stephens tide, and St. John the
evangelists day, and for those three days let the man
take the leechdom in wine at night fasting, and what
there is left of the dust hold and keep ; it is power-

296 LiECE BOO.

mtej ]n]} eallum ym]x ' untpymnej'j'um • je pi]? peppe
ge pi]? lenccen able ^e pi]? acjie • je pi]? ypelpe lypce.
Jeppicu eac j'ecjea]? ]-e ]?e ]?one Isecebom beja ^ he
lime mseje jehealban . Xll. mona]? pi]? ealjia unCpym-
neppa pjiecenejye,

^ J>onne epc pi^ 5ic]?an •]? eal pe lichoma jy clanep

hipep 'j jlabep -j beophtep- jenim ele "j ealbep pinep
bjiseptan empela bo on moptepe jemenj pel to fomne
•j fmijie mib ]?y ]?one liclioman on funnan. pi^ selpe
<j ]n]? micu]?um fibpan^ jnib myppian on ptn "j hpitep
pecelpep em micel • -j peeap jajatep bsel ]?fep fcanep
fol. 1(38 a. on p ptn bpmce .ill. mopjenap neahc nej-tij o]^]?e
. vim. o]7]?e . XII. pi]? lonb able pyl pepmob fpa bjiijne
fpa jpenne fpa ]?ep lie hsebbe on oleo [mpipmopum] ^
o}> ]? ]?sep elep fie ]?pibban bsel bepylleb -j fmipe mib
]?oiie lichoman ealne get; pype • "j msejye ppeofr pceal
bon ]?one Igecebom jip man liffip}?. Pi]? jonjel pjeppan
bite fmic on ij'en fpat. pi]? utpilite meji ;5eallan •
bla3C fnejl pyl on meolcum pup on sepenne -j on
^ mopjenne. !Deapob pealp mupjie -j alpe libania ealpa
jelice pela menj jn]? eceb fmipe mib ]? heapob. pi]?
]?on ilcan fpepl "j fpejlep seppel mujijie • -j pejhpilce]'
^ cynnep pecelf nijon j'yjita enjlifce . poUeie • bpem-
bel • seppel • elehtjie • bipceop pypt • pmul • pupe peg-
bpaebe • liajian fppecel • fio liape pyjit • li]? pypt • ealpa
]?ippa empela • oleuni [mpipmopum] • ^ halij psetep •
lialij pealc • o]>ep ele • fmipe ]?e mib }?yp upan J?onne
]?u hi jnibe.

. LXVI.
Cf. Marbodscus. Be ]?am fcane ]?e jajatep hatte ip pseb jj? he . viil.
msejen haebbe. An i]- ]?onne J?unoppab bij? ne pce]?e'S

' Head jxjiliciim. I •' The letters have been paled

- Perliaps niiswritten. | away purposely.

LEECH BOOK, II. 297

fill against all dangerous infirmities, cither against Book li.
fever, or against typhus, or against poison, or against ^'''' ''''^'
evil air. Writings also say, that he who employs the
leechdom is able to preserve himself for twelve months
against peril of all infirmities.

5. Then again, against itch, and that all the body
may be of a clean, and glad, and bright hue : take oil
and dregs of old wine, equally much, put them into a
mortar, mingle well together, and smear the body with
this in the sun. Against an elf and against a strange
visitor,' rub myrrh in wine and as mickle of white
frankincense, and shave off a part of the stone called
agate into the wine, let him drink this for three morn-
ings after his nights fast, or for nine, or for twelve. For
land disease or nostalgia, boil wormwood so dry (or)
so green, as he hath there, in oleum infirm orum, the
oil of extreme unction, till a third part of the oil is
boiled away, and smear all the body at the fire with
it, and a mass priest shall perform the leechdom, if a
man hath means to pet one. For a bite of r'-ano-
weaving spider, smudge hydromeP on iron. For dia-
rhoea, boil in milk horse gall and black snail, sip in
the morning and evening. A head salve ; myrrh and
aloes, and libanum or frankincense, of all a like quan-
tity, mingle with vinegar, smear the head therewith.
For the same ; sulfur and swails apple, myrrh and
fi-ankincense of every sort ; nine English worts, pule-
gium, bramble, apple, lupin, bishopwort, femiel, rough
waybroad, vipers bugloss, the hoar wort, lithewort, of
all these equal quantities ; oil of unction, holy water,
holy salt,'^ common oil, smear thyself with this up-
wards on the head, when thou hast rubbed them.

Ixvi.

Of the stone which liight agate. It is said that it
hath eight virtues. One is when there is thunde)-, it

' Interpreted by Herbarium cxi. 3. I ^ Salt which has had the formula

^ Perhaps 'S'weaf. | of benediction pronounced over it.

298 LiECE BOC.

}?am men ])e ];one lean mib linn heefS. Oj^eji msejen
ly on fpa hpilcum Lufe fpa he bi]? ne msej J)8ep mne
peonb pefan. bjiibbe maejen ip f nan attoji jmm men
fol. 108 b. ne rasej pce]?]?an l^e ];one fran mib hnn liapa]?. Feop]7e
msesen ip p fe man pe pe jjone la];an peonb on hmi
beajollice liEepj^ jip he ]>8e]' franep jepceapenep hpilcne
bsel on ptetan onpehS ];onne bi]^ pona fpeotol a3'ceopob
on him f sep beajol maS. Fipte msejen if pe ]>c
jienijjie able jebjieht bi]> jip he pone fean on psecan
pijep him hip pona ]-el. Syxre mjBjen if f bjiycjuepo
pam men ne bejiej) pe ];e lime mib him hsepS. Seopope
masjen if ^ pe ]ye pone fcan on bjimce onpehS he hrepp
pe fmeppan lichoman. Gahtope ip pjBp franej- msejen
']3 nan nsebjian cynnep bite pam pceppan ne mtej pe
pone fcan on psetan bypijp.

LXVII.

bimifcce. Punb elep jepih'S . xii. penejum Iseppe ponne punb

paBtjief • "j punb ealo^ jepihS . vi. penejum mape ponne

punb p^tjief • "j . I. punb piiiej- jepiliS . XV. penejum

map.e ponne . I. punb psetpef • -j punb hunijej* jepihS

^ . xxxiiii. penejum mape ponne punb pastpep • -j . i.

punb butejian jepiliS • Ixxx. penejum Iseppe ponne punb

^ psetpep • "j punb beojief jepiliS . xxii. penejum Iseppe

ponne punb pa3t]iep • "j I. punb melopep jepihB . cxv.

» penejum Irepj'e ponne punb psetpep • 'j I. punb beana

jepihS . Iv. penejum Iseppe ponne punb psecpef • -j XV.

fol. 109 a. punb * psetjief jap to peptpe :•

balb liabet hunc^ libpum cilb quem confcpibepe lufpic:
lOte pjiecop appibue cunctif m nomine cpipti'
Quo ^ nuUup to Hat litinc libpum peppibuf a me •
Nee ui nee pupto nee quobam pamme palpo-
Cup qiua^ nulla nnhi tam cajia eSc optima jaza-
Qiiam capi libpi quop cpipti jpatia comit.

' An error, read yntj-an, ounces. I '-^ Head Quod.

- liunb, MS. I ' Read as Cur ? Quia.

LEECH BOOK. II.

209

cloth not scathe the man who hath this stone with liim.
Another virtue is, on whatsoever house it is, therein ;i
fiend i')erha'ps enemy may not be. The third virtue is,
that no venom may scathe the man wlio hath the stone
with him. The fourth virtue is, that the man, who
hath on him secretly the loathly fiend, if he takcth in
liquid any portion of the sl)avings of this stone, then
soon is exhibited manifestly in him, that wliich before
secretly lay hid. The fifth virtue is, he who is afilicted
with any disease, if he taketli the stone in lic^uid, it
is soon well with him. The sixth virtue is, that sor-
cery hurteth not the man, who has the stone with him.
The seventh virtue is, that he who taketh the stone
in drink, will have so much the smootlier body.
The eighth virtue of the stone is, that no bite of any
kind of snake may scathe him who tasteth the stone
in liquid.

Book II.
(Jh. Ixvi.

Ixvii.

A pint of oil weigheth twelve pennies ' less than a
pint of water ; and a pint of ale weigheth six pennies
more than a pint of water ; and a joint of wine weigh-
eth fifteen pennies more than a pint of water ; and a
pint of honey weigheth thirty-four pennies more than
a, pint of water ; and a pint of butter weigheth eighty
pennies less than a pint of water ; and a pint of beer
weigheth twenty-two pennies less than a pint of water ;
and a pint of meal weigheth 115 pennies less than a
pint of water; and a pint of beans weigheth fifty-five
pennies less than a pint of water; and fifteen ounces
of water go to the sextarius.^

' This is the Saxon silver penny
of twenty-foiir grains, ovir penny-
weight.

- " Sextarius medieinalis habct
uncias deccia." Plin. Valer. Pref.

300 LMCE BOC.

[Book III.]

y\]> heaj-'ob ece • -j yip ealbum lieajrob ece • -j pi]>
liealpej' heafbej- ece. II. pi]? afpollenum eajum -j 50b
V eab yealj: • -j pi^ mifce on eajan -j pi^ plie • "j pi8 pyp-
mum on eajum -j yip p?em. jip jrlsej'c on eajum peaxe •
J "j 6^r o^ ea^um peaxan peabe fponje • "j jip ea^an
rypen *j j'ceabe j'ealp to eajum • *j fme]?e eali
pealp.

.III. yip eappsepce -j pij> j^sem jip pypmaf jyn on
eapan -j 50b eap pealp. IIII. ]?!]? to]:' ece "j jip tej> fyn
hole.

• V. pi|? mnan tobpocenum muSe .VI. ])ip ceoc able
•j pij> ceol psepce. Vii. pi]? healp psepce. VIII. pi}?
bice. Villi, yip hpoftan. X. pi]? ]7am pe mon blobe
lipsece. XL pij? ]-eonbum ^eallan. xii. pi]? pseye
jeolpan able. xill. pi]? bpeofc ])^pce. xiiii. pi]?
h]?ofean -j yip lunjen able. XV. pij? majan psepce -j
pi]? a]?unbene]ye. xvi. piS milt ])8epce.
fol. 109 b. .XVII. pi]? Imben ppepce. xviii. pi J? pambe psejice

•j p^ypel paepce. xviiii. yip bl8ebbe]^ ppepce.

. XX. yip ]?am jip man ne mseje gemijan -j ]?am
men pe ftanaf peaxan on ]?8epe blsebjian. xxi. pj]?
]?am jip men fie fe utjanj popfeten. xxii. yip iicj-iht
able bpenc "j bpip. xxiii. yip ]?am pypmum ]?e beo]?
on mannep inno]?e. xxiiii. yip li^ psejice. XXV. yip
peaptum. XXVI. piS ]?am miclan lice fmipmj -j ba)]?
•j bpenc *j bjup. XXVII. pij? finjalum ]?upfi:e un-
tjiumpa manna, xxviii. yip mnan pojitoje -j fma3l
]?eapma ece. xxviiii. pi]? ]?am ]?e man fie mib pyjic
anum pojxbsepneb -j pi]? pniw pe man fie mib psetan
po^bsepneb • -j yip funbjiyne. xxx. yip ]?eope bjienc
'^ Head i^cojie. *j ept pi]? }?£epe=^ "j fceotenbum penne -j ept be]?in3 pi]?
J?am jip ]?eo]i [^epunije on anpe frope. XXXI. pij?
penne pealp. xxxii. pi]? bolje pealp. xxxiii. yip ]?am

LEECTI 7100K. TIT. 301

Booh III. IJooklTI.

1. For head ache, and for old head ache, and for Contents.
ache of half the head, commonly called megrim. 2. For
•swollen eyes, and a good eye salve, and for mist in the
eyes, and against white speck, and against worms in
the eyes, and in case flesh wax upon the eyes, and if
red sponges wax on the eyes, and if the eyes are
bleared, and a salve for obscure vision of the eyes,
and a smooth eye salve. 8. For pain of ear, and in
case worms are in the ears, and a good ear salve. 4.
For tooth ache, and if the teeth are hollow. 5. For a
mouth broken out within. 6. For cheek or javj disease,
and for pain in the jowl. 7. Against neck pain. 8.
Against cancer, 9. For cough. 10. In case a man
break up blood. 11. For flowing gall. 12. For the
yellow disease or jaundice. 13. For breast pain. 14.
For cough and for lung disease. 15. For pain in the
maw or stomach, and distention. IG. For pain of spleen,
17. For loin pain. 18, For wamb or belly pain, and for
pain in the fat about the belly, where the kidneys are
lodged. 19. For bladder pain. 20. In case a man may
not mie, and for the man in whose bladder stones wax.
21. For the case where a mans fsecal discharge is ob-
structed. 22. For diarrhoea, a drink and a brewit. 23.
For the worms which be in a mans inwards. 24. For
joint pain. 25. For warts. 26. For leprosy or elephan-
tiasis, a smearing, and a bath and a drink, and a
brewit. 27. For the constant thirst of men out of
health. 28. For gripe and ache of small guts. 29. In
case a man be burnt with fire only, and in case a
man is burnt with liquid, and for sun burning. 30.
A drink against the "dry" disease, and again for
that, and for a shooting wen, ivith shooting pai/ns,
and again a fomentation for it, if the "dry" disease
remain in one place. 31. A salve for a wen. 32. A
salve for a wen. 33. In case a man be wounded in

302 L^CE BOC.

pj: man fie uj:an on heapob piinb -j fie ban jebjiocen
•j pi]; |?am jij: fio eaxl upfcije , -j 30b bolh bjienc
'j jip jebpocen ban fie on heapbe -j op nelle. xxxiiii.
j7i]? hunbep plite -j pi]? pon ^ip junpe pojicoppene -j pij?

fol. 110 a. j'am jip fmpe fien jefcpuncene. xxxv. pij? jonje-
pipjian biCe. xxxvi. Pi}? cancjie. xxxvii. pi]? pam )?e
jnp ne mseje beapn acennan -j gip op pipe nelle jan
sepcep ]?am beop]?pe f jecynbelic fie • •j jip op ^ pipe fie
beab beapn • 'j pi]? ]?am pp pip blebe to fpi]?e sepcep
pam beop]?pe. xxxviii. pi]? ]?am ]?e pipum fie popfcan-
ben hipa monaS jecynb ^ pi]? ]?am jip pipe ro fpi]?e
opplope fio mono]? jecynb. xxxviiil. pi]? fmeajea
pyjime fmipmj -j anlejen* -j bej?inj -j pealp. XL. pi]?
]?am ]?e man fie mona]? feoc. [XLI.] ^ pi]? ealle peonbep
cofcunja bpenc *j pealp. pi]? ]?on ilcan -j hu man j'cyle
jepitfeocne man lacnian • "j hu mon pcyle pypcean
fpipbjienc ucypnenbum. XLii. pi]? ]?am jip fpi]?bpenc on
men jefittan^ ^ he nelle utjan. XLili. pi]? atcjiep
bpence. [XLiili.] * pi]? lupuni, XLV. J}i]) ]?am jip }?opn
fcmje mon on pot oSSe hjieob *j ]?onne nelle opjan.
XLVI. Pi]? sepmselum -j pi]? eallum ea^na psepce. XLVii.
Pi]? lypc able jip fe mu]; fie poll o}?]?e pon Isecebom 'j
bepmj -j bse]? pealp -j leah "j blobej' Isep. XLVili, pi]?
pic able bpenc -j be]?in5. XLVIIII. pij? fculbo-^ psejice

fol. 110 1). -j eapma. L. pi]? cneopa pape, LI, pi]? pota pape. LIL
Pi]? ]?am jip pu ne maije blob bolj pojipjii]?an. LilL
Pi]? ]?am jip meoloc fie jepepb. liiil ]}i]> nihc jengean
v^ pealp. lv. pi]? ]?am jip men beo fio heapob paime

jehlenceb. LVI. PiS }?am jip men nelle meltan hip
mete. LVii. pi]? p'Tp jemEeblan. LVIII. pi}? peonbep
cofcunja, LViiii, Pi]? ]?eo'^ penne jip he fie men on
cneope o]>]>e on o]?pum lime. LX, be ]?am hu mon
pcyle eap pealpe pypcean.

. LXI. pi]? telp cynne pealp 'j pi]? nihc jenjaii , "j

' Read on.

^ xij. is omitted in MS.

' Read j;cfitce.

' xLiiii. is omitted in MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. 303

the head and bone be broken, and in case the shoulder r.uok ill.

rise by dislocation, and a good wound drink, and if a <-'"^"i''^^"''''-

broken bone be in the head and will not come aAvay.

34. For tear by a hound, and if sinews be cut tlirough,

and in case sinews be shrunken. 85. For the bite of

the gangwayweaving spider. 30. For cancer. 37. In

case a woman may not kindle a child, and if, after the

birth, that which is natural will not come away from a

woman ; and in case there be a dead bairn in a woman,

and in case a woman bleed too much after the birth.

38. In case womens natural catamenia be stopped, and

in case the natural catamenia flow too freely. 39. A

smearing, a,nd an onlaying, and a fomentation, and a

salve against a boring worm, 40. In case a man be a

lunatic. 41. A drink and a salve for all temptations

of the fiend. For the same, and how one must treat a

deranged man ; and how a man shall work a spew

drink for those that have diarrhcea." 42. In case a

strong dose lodge in a man and will not come away.

43. Against a drink of poison. 44. Against lice. 45.

In case a thorn, or a reed, prick a man in the foot,

and will not be got rid of 40. Against imminutions

and all pain of eyes. 47. Against palsy, if the moutli

be awry or livid, a leechdom and a fomentation, and

a bath salve, and ley and bloodletting. 48. Drink and

fomentation for "fig" dieease. 49. For pain of shoulder

blade and arms. 50. For sore of knees. 51. For sore

of feet. 52. In case thou be not able to bind up a

bloodletting incision. 53. In case milk is turned sour.

54. A salve against night comers, incubi, etc. 55. In

case a mans skull is " linked," or seems to feel bound

round. 56. In case a mans meat will not digest. 57.

Against womens prating. 58. Against temptations of

the fiend. 59. Against a "dry'' wen, if a man hath

it on his knee or on another limb. CO. Of this ; liow

a man must work an earsalve. 61. A salve against

the elfin race and night goblins, and for the women,

304 L^CE BOC.

]?am raonnum j^e beojrol mib liEem^. LXii, pi]? ?elf
able Isecebom -j eyt liu mon j-ceal on J?a pypte pinjan
sep hi mon nime -j ept liu mon j-ceal |?a pypta bon
rnibeji peopob -j opeji fmjan • -j ept tacnu be ]?am
hpsej^eji hit fie telp pojoj^a -j tacn hu ]pu onjitan
meahc hpsej^ep hme mon msej jelacman -j bjiencaf "j
jebebu pi]; selcpe peonbep cofcunje. LXiii. Tacnu hii
J>u meaht onjitan hpEej^ep mon fie on pfetep selp able •
-j Isecebom yi]> j^am -j jealbop on -co fmjanne -j ]5 ilce
mon msej fmjan on punba. LXilil. pi^ beople li|?e
bpenc • -j unjemynbe • -j pi]? beoplef cofcunja. Lxv.
fol. Hi a. pi]? }?on pp mon fie jejymeb "j cacnvi hp8e}>ep he
libban mseje. lxvi. bpenc pi]? }7am jip ]?eop fie on
men. LXVII. Pi}? beople feoce "j pi]? beople. LXViii.
Pi]? peben heopfce leoht bpenc. LViiii. pi]? ]?am^ pp
men fie maja afupob -j po'^]?unben • -j pi]? majan
pjepce • -j jip man bi]? a]?unben. Lxx. pi]? pambe
psGpce • "j pi]? majan psepce • 'j pij? pambe heapbneppe.
LXXI. piS fppmje fraipmj -j fealp. LXXii. Pi]? attpe
bpenc "j fmipinj. LXXiii. pi]? ]?0epe jeolpan able.
Lxxiiii. pi]? }^am pp mnelpe fi uce. Lxxv. pi]?
selcpe innan untjiymneppe -j pi]? hepijnejje -j pi]?
hleopblsece. LXXVI. be ]?am hu man fcyle halite
pealpe pypcean.

Pi}? ]?on ]?e mon on heapob ace • jenim nio]?o-
peapbe ppsecce bo on jieabne ppasb bmbe ■]? heapob mib.
PiJ? ]?on ilcan • mm fenepej- preb -j jmbun jejnib on ele
bo on hat; psetep ]?peah jelome ]? heapob on ]?am p?et]ie
he bi]? hal. pi]? ealbum heapob ece jenim bpeopje

> f i)>a, MS.

LEKCII BOOK. III. 305

with wlioin tlio devil liatli commerce. 02, Against elf Hook irr.
disease, a leeclidom ; and again, liow one nnist sing ^''""'-■"»'*-
upon tlie Avorts, ere one take them ; and again, how
one must put tlie worts nnder the altar, and sing over
them ; and again tokens of this, whether it be elf
liicket, and tokens how thou mayst understand, whether
one may cure the man ; and drinks and praycM-s against
every temptation of the fiend. 63, Tokens how thou
mayst understand whether a man he in the water elf
disease, and a leeclidom for that, and a charm to lie
sang upon it, and that ilk may be sung over wounds,
G-t. A lithe or soft drink against the devil, and want
of memory, and against tem})tations of the devil. (i5.
In case a man be overlooked, and tokens whether lie
may live. GQ. A drink in case the " dry " disease be
on a man. 07. For the devil sick or demoniac, and
against the devil, G8, A light drink against the Avild
heart, 09, In case a mans maw be soured and dis-
tended ; and against pain of the maw, and if a man
be inflated. 70. For pain of the wamb, and for })ain
of the maw, and for hardness of the wainb. 71. Against
carbuncle ; an ointment and a salve. 72. A drink and
smearing against venom. 7o. For the yellow disease,
jaundice. 74. In case the bowels be out. 75. For
every inward inflrmity, and for heaviness, and for cheek
blotch. 7(5. Of this, how a man must make a holy
salve.

i.

In case a man ache in the head ; take the nether-
ward part of crosswort/ put it on a red fdlet, let In'ni
bind the head therewith. For that ilk, take seed of
mustard and rue, rub into oil, put into hot water, wash
the head often in the water, the nnan will be hale.
For an old head ache, take penn^'royal, lioil in oil, (.r

' Galium criiciiitiim.
VOL. II. U

30G L^CE BOC.

bpofclan pyl on ele 0iS6e on butjian fmipe mib ^ ]><a
Jmuponjan 'j bupan ]?ani eajum on upxn f heapob
J?eah him fie jemynb oncypped he bi]^ hal. pi]? fpi}>e
fol. iiib. ealbum heapob ece mm pealc *j puban -j ipij cpop cnua
ealle to pomne ^ bo on hunij -j fmipe mib j;a Jmnpan-
^ jan • *j }?one hnij:el "j upan ^ heapob. To pion ilcan

pec lycle franaf on fpealpan bjiibba majan -j healb f
liie ne hpman eopj^an ne pcetpe • ne o]?]ium fcanum
bepeopa hipa . ill. on ])on ]?e ]?u piUe bo on ];one nion
]?e hira ];eapp fie him h\]> j'ona pel • hi beo]? jobe pi]>
heapob ece -j pi]> ea^psepce -j pi]? peonbep cofcunja -j
nilitjenjan • "j lencten able "j majian -j pyjitpopbojie •
" "j malfcpa • -j yplmii jealbo-^ cpsepcum • hit fculon beon

micle bpibbaj' ]?e ]?u hie pcealc on pmban- i^ip mon on
healp heapob ace ^ecnna jiuban fpi];e bo on fcjian^ eceb
•j fmipe mib ]> heapob iipan julite. pij? J)on ilcan abelp
pejbpseban butan ifene se]\ funnan upjanje binb \)a,
mojian ymb ]3 heapob mib ppsete peabe ppsebe pona
liTm bi6 pel.

.II.

\)i\> afpoUenum eajum jenim cucune hjiepn " abo
|7a eajan op -j ept eucnne jebpmj on p?etpe "j bo ]?a
eaii^an ]>am men on fpeopan ])e him ]'eapp pie lie bi]?
j'ona hal. Pyj^c jobe ea^pealpe Nim celeJ?oman -j
bipceop pyjit • pepmob • jnibu mejice • piibu bmbep
leap • bo ealpa empela cnupa j'el bo on hunij • -j on
jun • *j on tt;pen pcet oiSSe on cypepen bo tpiebe J^sej'
fol. 112 n. pmep • -j ];]nbban basl ])?ej' hiini^ep bo y j'e pseta maeje
puji]nim opep ypnan ]?a pypta Itet ftanban .VII. mht
•j ])peoh inib b]iebe afeoh J^iiph clsonne claj? '5one bpenc
bo ept on p lice pa3t nytta fpa ];e ]?eapp pie. Se mon

> The MS. has a stop after mih. j ^ Nearly as Marcellns, col. 269 f.

2 j-ome, MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. 807

in butter, smear tlicrewitli tlio temples, and over the ^o^^ ^T.

eyes, and on the top of the head; though his intellect

be deranged, he will be hale. For a very old head

ache ; take salt and rue, and a bunch of ivy berries,

pound all at once, add honey, and therewith smear the

temples, and the forehead, and the top of the head.

For that ilk ; seek in the maw of young swallows for

some little stones, and mind that they touch neither

earth, nor water, nor other stones ; look out three of

them ; put them on the man, on whom thou wilt, him

who hath the need, he will soon be well. They are

good for head ache, and for eye wark, and for the fiends

temptations, and for night gohlin visitors, and for

typhus, and for the night mare, and for knot, and for

fascination, and for evil enchantments by song. It must

be big nestlings on which thou shalt find them. If a

man ache in half his head, pound rue thoroughly, put

it into strong vinegar, and smear therewith the head,

right on the top. For that ilk ; delve up way broad

without iron, ere the rising of the sun, bind the roots

about the head, with crosswort, by a red fillet, soon

he will be well.

ii.

For swoUen eyes, take a live crab, put his eyes out,
and put him alive again into water, and put the eyes
upon the neck of the man, who hath need ; he will soon
be well. Work a good eye salve thus; take celandine
and bishop wort, wormwood, wood march e, leaves of
woodbind ; put equal quantities of all, pound them well,
put them into honey, and into wine, and into a brazen
vessel, or a copper one ; put in of the wine' two parts
in three, and a third part of the honey, order it so
that the liquor may just overrun the worts ; let it
stand for seven nights, and wrap it up with a piece
of stuff"; strain the drink through a clean cloth, put it
again into that ilk vessel, use as occasion may be.

u 2

308 LiECE BOO.

ye him jebe]? ymb .xxx. nilita jroxej' jelynbc]' b?el
on ]';x ea-(;an lie bi]; ece lial ;

Ti): mifc ]ne pope eajum mm cilbcy lilonb "j liiinijej'
ceaji menj CO]^omne bejea emjrela friiijie mib ]>a ea^aii
Jnnan ;

6j:c lijiepne]' jeallan -j leaxe]' "j eley -j ye]h beon
huuij menj to j^omne fmijie raib ];a'jie j-ealjre mnan ]>a
eajan ;
\ ])i]> ybe jebrejmeb j^ealc *j fpejley [eppel -j atcpum
ealjia emjrela jmb to bufte ^ bo on ]^a eajan ]>])eali
leohrlicc mib pylle j^retjie -j fmijie cefteji mib piyey
meolce ;

Tij: pj'pma]' fien on eajum j'ccajipa ]>a bpropaj' mnan
bo on ]>a pcea]ipan celeJ)onian yeaj' • ))a ])yjimaf bio]^
beabe "j j^a eajan hale. Tip pLDj'c on ea^um peaxe
pjnnj ]'ypii^ Pyp'^^ ^^ 1^^ eajan o]? ]> him ]-el yie.

Tip on ea;5an peaxcn peabe fponje bjiype on hat

ciilp)ian blob o]?pe fj'ealpan obiSe ]'ipep meoluc o]> -p ]>a

fponje apej pynb. Tip eajan cyjien mm bjiije puban

•j hunijep teaji menj cofomne last fcanban .III. nihr

fol. 112 1). •'^Ppii^S ]m]ih ]?icne cla"iS Imenne -j bo on ]:>a eajan

]'i]>]>an. Py]ic 5obe bpije fcabe fealpe mm fpe^lep

V a^pjjel -j jebaspneb j'ealc "j pipo-^ 'j atcjium -j hpit

epubu jejmb to bufce apipc ]?n]ih cla5 bo lytlum on.

6pt hpit c])ubu "j jeboepneb ofcep pcyl jmb to bufce

■j nytta fpa ]>e ];eapp fie a^jl^eji m?e^ abon plie op

eajan. Py]ic fme])e eajpealpe mm butepan pyl on

^ pannan apleou p pam op 'j ahlytcpe ]?a Initejian on

blebe bo ept •]> hlutt|ie on paiinan jecnua celepoman

LEECH J300K. III.

309

The man who putteth upon his eyes for about tliiiLy
nights, part of tlie suet of a fox, he will be for ever
healthy.

2. If there be a mist before the eyes, t;ike a eliih.ls
urine and virgin honey, mingle together of both eipial
quantities, smear the eyes therewith on tlie inside.

3. Again, mingle together a erabs gall/ and a sal-
mons, and an eels, and field bees honey, smear the
eyes inwardly witli the salve.

4. Against a white spot in the eye; rub to dust
burnt salt, and swails apple, and olusatrum, of all equal
quantities, rub to dust, and put on the eyes, wash
lightly with spring water, smear afterwards with
womans milk.

5. If there are worms in the eyes, scarify the lids
within, apply to the scarifications the juice of celan-
dine ; the worms will be dead and the eyes healthy.
If flesh v/ax on eyes, wring wormwort into the eyes,
till they are well.

G, If red sponges wax on the eyes, drop on them
hot culvers blood, or swallows, or womans milk, till the
sponges be got rid of If eyes are bleared, take dry
rue and virgin honey, mingle together, let it stand for
three nights, wring through a thick linen cloth, and
afterwards apply to the eyes. Work a good dry salve
for dim vision thus : take swails apple, and l)UiMit
salt, and pepper, and olusatrum, and mastich ; rub
to dust, sift through a cloth, apply by little and
little. Again, reduce to dust mastich, and burut
oyster shell, and use as need be ; either hath power
to remove white spot from the eyes. Work a
smooth eyesalve fJtus ; take buttei-, boil in a pan,
skim the foam off, and purify the butter in a dish;
put the clear part again into a pan ; pound celandine

15(...k III.
Cli. ii.

' " Corvi marini fcl." Marcellus,
col. 277. F. If that passage were
in view, this fish would be the

mullet, MiKjil cefalus : hut I follov/
the passage in Wanlc}, p. IG8a.
IIa3)ci>n v.i another spelling.

olO LJiCE BOC.

•j bilceop pyjit; • pubu mejice • yyl l'pi]?e aj'eoli j;u]ili
cla'S nycra Ipa ];e J^eaji}: lie ;

.III.

pi]? eap psejice jenim henne jelynbo -j ofcep ycylle
yete on gleba jepypm hpon -j bpyp on J^a eapan Ibua
Leo's hale ; Gft: celenbpan ^ j-eap -j jnpejf meoluc jepypm
on pcylle -j bjiyp on ]?a eajian • jij: pypniaf jpien on
eapan bo belenaii peap peapm on ]7a pypmaf hie beo]?
beabe 'j peallaS op "j ]?a eapan hale.

GpT pjnnj cupmeallan j-eap on o^^e mapubian o^^e
])ejunob peapmne Sona hmi biS ]-el. Pypc jobe eaji
j-ealpe • jenim bajiej- jeallan • -j peappef • *j ele ealpa
empela Iset bpypan peajun on ]5 eape.

.nil.

^0^' ^^3^- Pi|j to]) ece ceop pipop jelome mib pain to)7nni

him bip* pona pel. 6pr jeoS beolenan mojian on
Ibjianjum ecebe o]>j7e on pine pete on ]7one papan coj?
^j hj)ilum ceope mib ]>y jajian cope he biS hal. gip pa
tep lynb hole ceop bopenej-" inojuin mib ecebe on pa
healpe.

Pip iimaii trobjiocenmn niuSe mm plum tjieopej- leaj-
pyl on pme -j Ipile mib pone mup :•

.VI.

VrS ceoc able mm pone hj7eoppan ])e ptp inib
fpmnab bmb on hip fpeopan mib pyllenan ppsebe "j

licad celeK'Uian.

bosenc)-, with <t;e dotted, and W written above, MS.

LEECH JJUOK. 111. 311

and bishopwort, wood iiiarclic, boil thoruiiglily, stiain ^^ok III
through a cloth; use as need may be.

iii.

1. Against earwark ; take a hens fat and oyster
shells, set them on giedes, warm a little, and drip into
the ears, soon they will be liale. Again, warm juice of
coriander (celandine rather ?) and womans milk in a
shell, and drop them into the ears. If worms bo in
the ears ; apply juice of henbane warm, to the worms,
they Avill be dead and fall off, and the ears will be
well.

2. Again, wi'ing juice of centaury upon them, or
marrubium, or wormwood warm ; soon they will be
well. Work a good earsalve thus : take a boars and
a bulls gall, and oil, of all equal quantities, have this
dropped warm into the ear.

IV.

For tooth ache ; chew pepper frequently with the
teeth, it will soon be well with them. Again, seethe
henbane roots in strong vinegar or in wine, set this
into the sore tooth, and at whiles chew witli the sore
tooth ; it will be well. If the teeth are hollow, chew
rosemary roots with vinegar on that joart.

V.

For a mouth troubled with eruption within ; take
leaves of plum tree, boil in wine, and swill the mouth
therewith.

vi.

For cheek disease, take the whorl, with which a
woman spinneth, bind on the 'mans neck with a
woollen thread, and swill him on the inside with hot

312 L.ECE BOC.

I'pile innan mib hate gate mcolce biiii bi]? yel. ]?iS
ceol piejice abelj: iV]\ liiiinan up7;aii5e pe-^b)uvban bmb
on lily ipeojian. Gft biT&jni fpealpaii to biiltc • -j menj
pi]) pelbbeon hiini^ pele linn etan jelome.

.VII.

Pi]' healj* psejTce pyl neo]7epca]ibe nctelan on oxan
finejipe "j on butejian ];oime ^ ]?one healfpnijic Imijie (5a
]'eoh . jtp Ja ];eoh j^epce fmijie ]?one liealp nnb j^iBjie
yealpe. Gyt pyl ni]7epea]ibe netelan ou ecebe bo oxan
jeallan on ]3 eceb -j ]r,i pyjite op Imipe mib pone
liealp.

.VIII.

fol. 113b. \'^i]' bite pyjic j'calpe • nun Jap J'ypte papenan 'j

mejii'c mealpan "j attojila]?an --j peoj^obenb "j lipejilipec-
tan -j chippy pt -j lijel hpeoppan • ]iinb beolo]7an •
inucjpypt • jHibu pllan • japclipan • pjiu^tte • lupef-cice •
niajejnin • jij'cojin • ]'ab • piniil • ]>epan ]'opn • jelpretc •
eopo)i];pote • cicena mete • bnlhjuine • j^ylilc luojui •
liiiiit beaniep leap • nsep • gcajrpe • ho}:c • hoc leap •
alexanbjie • pica peppica-~ I'e piila pepinob • lio jjieate
banpyjic • acleap • pegbpiube • jjmnbe fpelje • peab
chvpjie • Icahtpic • ]nipe ]>]itel • tajiii • heje clipe • chip
V J^iinj • enjlipc mopu • bynije.

.Villi.

Pi]? hpol'tan pyl majiubian on ptetpe jobne bjel je-
fpet lipon pele bjiincan jcenc pnl/' 6pc mapnbian fpr?e
pyl on huiiije bo hpon bntejian on pele .ill. i'npeba
o])]'e .1111. etan on iieaht nej-tij bepup Icenc pulne nnb
j'eajunc]* ]'iup iL'jipan bpencej-.

' Read J'oniU' ]M^■ J'onc. | ' j-cenc is inaHC. Kcad jiilnc.

^ A stop after jica in MS.

LEECH r.OOK. III. ^13

soats milk; it will bo well with liim. For jowl pain; l'-',j'l^ !"•

delve up waybruad before tlie rising ot the ,sini, bind

upon the mans neck. Again, burn a swallow to dust,

and mingle lum with field bees honey ; give the man Api» iulvurum.

that to eat frequently.

vii.

For neck pain ; boil the nether ward part of nettle
in fat of ox and in butter, then for the hals wark,
smear the thighs ; if the thighs be in pain, smear the
neck with the salve. Again, boil the netherward part
of nettle in vinegar, add ox gall to the vinegar and
remove the wort ; smear the neck therewith.

viu.

For cancer, work a salve ; take these worts, savine,
and marsh mallow, and attorlothe, and withywind,
and cucumber, and clovewort, or ranwiicidas, and
turnsol, hindhcal, mugwort, wild chervil, agrimou}^,
crosswort, lovage, maythe, githcorn, woad, fennel, tufty
thorn, wildoat, everthroat, chickenmeat, pellitory, carot,
leaves of the nut tree, nepeta cattaria, yarrow, hove,
hollyhock, alexanders, vinca pervinca, or 'perivjlnkle,
the foul wormwood, the great bonewort, oak leaves,
waybroad, groundsel, red clover, lettuce, tufty thistle,
tar, hedge clivers, cloiiing, wild parsnip, * * * *

IX.

For host or coufjh ; boil inarrubium in water, a good
deal of it, sweeten a little, give the mail to drink a
cup full. Again, boil marrubium strongly in honey,
add a little butter, give three or four bits for tJic man
to eat ; at night fasting let him sup up a cup full of
the former drink warm therewith.

314 LzECE BOC.

V]]> ]?on ]7e mon blobe lip?ece -j I'pipe • jentm 50b
bejien mela • *j lipit: yenlt bo on peam o])]>e jobe ylete
hpep on blebe o]) p hi" I'le ];icce fpa ]7ynne Ljup pele
fol. ii4ii. ecan .Villi, pnasba .Villi, mopjenaf on' nealic nej-tij •
bo }>a3p melupej- tpeiebe -j ];tep pealtef jjpibban bsel pyjic
t)elce bsege mpne.

.XL

Pi]? feonbum jeallan ete pa^bic "j pipo^ on neaht
neptij • -j apylleb Impteb on meolce I'upe mib ~ bo ]?up
5elome lnm bi]? j'ona pel.

.XII.

Vi^ ]>se]\e jeolpan able fio cymS op feonbum ;5eallan
jenim ])sey j-ceappan ];iMep mopan "j betonican • -j at-
Copla]?an hanb fuUe • -j ^yj^pipan hanb pulle "j .villi.
fnaBba niojjopeapbe fej'cj^potan op jeot mib fcpanjan
beope • o]7];e mib frpanjnm ealaS "j bpmce ^elome pele
him etan jepyptobne henpugel *j jepobenne capel on
jobum bpoSe bo J^up jelome him bij) fona pel.

Pypc 5obne bufc bjienc pi]> |?8spe jeolpan able . mm
mepcep yi&b • -j pmolep yseb • bile pseb • eopopf'potan
V fseb . pelbmopan fseb • pjej^epian j'seb • petojiyilian pasb .
alexanbpan fseb luf efcicep j'seb • betonican fseb • caulep
j'seb . cofrej* pseb • cymenep j'seb • -j pipopep ma3p'c
]?apa oSeppa empela jejmb ealle pel to bufte mm J^sep
fol. 114 b. buftej" jobne cuclep pulne bo on fcjianj hluttop eala
bjunce fcenc }:ulne on neaht nepcij • he ij- 50b pi];
selcpe hraan untpumuepfe -j pi]> heapob ece -j pij? un-

' Unless mojisonaf, morrows, can be taken in tlie sense of successive
days, on must be omitted. Observe, a new page begins.
- In margin hepco.

LEECH BOOK. II J. 315

In case a man hreak up and spew blood ; take good
barley meal, and white salt, put it into cream or good
skimmings, agitate in a disb, till it be as thick as
thin brcwit, give the man to eat, nine doses for nine
mornings after his nights fast : apply of the meal two
parts in three, and of the salt a third part ; prepare
it every day new.

xi.

For bile straining out ; let the patient eat radish
and pepper at night fasting, and let him sup besides
linseed boiled in milk ; do this frequently ; it will
soon be well with him.

xii.

1. For the yellow disease, jaundice, which cometh
of effusion of bile ; take roots of the sharp thistle, and
betony, and a handful of attorlothe, and a handful of
githrife, and nine bits of the netherward part of ash-
throat, pour them over with strong beer, or with
strong ale, and let him drink this frequently : give
him to eat a pullet dressed with herbs, and colewort
sodden in good broth ; do this frequently, soon it will
be well with him.

2. Work thus a good dust drink for the yellow
disease. Take seed of marche, and seed of fennel, seed
of dill, seed of everthroat, seed of fieldmore, seed of
satureia, savory, seed of parsley, seed of alexanders,
seed of lovage, seed of betony, seed of colewort, seed
of costmary, seed of cummin, and of pepper most, of
the others equal quantities ; rub all well to dust, take a
good spoon full of the dust, put it into strong clear
ale, let the man drink a cup full at night fasting.
This drink is also good for every ailment of limb, and
for head ache, and for want of memory, and for eye

Book III.
Ch. X.

316 LiECE BOC.

jeiiiynhc --j ]'ij> Gajpjqice "j ]?i]» uiigeliyjinej-ye -j bjieolc
prejice "j liiiijen able "j lenben j'asjice • -j pij; lelcjie
jjeonbej" cofeun^a gepyjic ];e bufc jcnoli on lia?]i}:elte
|?onne ]m |?a pyjiui liiubbe nycta j^onne ]>e j^eajij: fie.

• Xlir.

j)iL) bjieof'cjnejice mapubie' iiejrte • ontjie bilceop
j'yjit • penpyjic • yy\ on liunije -j butepan bo )7£e]-
liunij^ef tpiube • -j ]?ti?]ic biitejian J^jiibban ba^l nytra
ipa ]>e ]>capp fie.

.XIIII.

Vip* hj^ofran -j limjcii able • jenim fpejlef ieppel -j
Ipepl "j pecelf ealjia cinpela men^ ])i]^ j^caxe leje on
liacne lean bjunc ]mjili liojiii )7one jiec "j ere tefCep
ealbep I'picep .ill. fiucba obSe bucjum "j fu})e inib
}:letum ; pi]> lunjen able • jenim beconicau • "j majui-
bian • ajjuinonian • jicpmob • jrel tepjie • pube . acpinb •
jajollaii • ]'yl on j'iecpe • be])yl \yncy jnetejief ]'pibbaii
b;ul« bo op ]'a I'yj^ce bjuiice on raojijenne peajimep
fcenc pulne ere ,IJI. fnteba mib Jnvp bjupep ]'c lieji
iepceji fejl; :•

Pyjic b]U]' pi]? lunjeii able mm beromean • ^j niapu-
bian • pepmob • liinblieolojmn • peupyjiC nio]jO]>eajib •
elehrpe • elene • juebic • eopo-^j'pote • pelbmope • jecnua
ealle i]n\>(i ])el "j j>yl on bucepan -j appmj jnijih claJS
j-ccab on ]) yoy bepen mela hjieji on blebe buran pyjie
o]> p hit fie Ipa ]ncce fpa bpip ere . III. fmuba • nnb
]7y bpence peajimef

6pc pyl on liunijc anum majiubian bo hj'on bepen
mela ro eCe on ncalic ncpri j -j p»onnc j u liini jelle

LEF/'It T.OnK. TIT. 317

WJirk, and for dull licarinii;', and for broast wavk, and I^imk III.
Inng disease, loin wark, and for every tt'ni|)taiion of
tlie fiend. Work thj'seli dust enough in harvest, when
thou hast the worts, nse it when thou hast need.

Xlll.

For pain of breast ; niarrubium, nepeta, ontre, bisho])-
wort, wenwort, l)oil in honey and butter; piit two
parts in three of the honey, and of the l)ntter a third
])a.rt ; nse as need may be.

xiv.

For liost, or couf/Ji, and lung disease ; take swails
apple, and brimstone, and frankincense, of all eqnally
much, mingle with wax, lay on a hot stone, let ilte
imui swallow tlie reek through a horn, and afterwards
eat three pieces of old lard or of butter, and sip tJds
with cream. For lung disease ; take betony, and mar-
rubium, agrimony, wormwood, fel terrse or centaury,
rue, oak rind, sweet gale ; boil them in water, lioil off
a third part of the water, remove the worts ; let the
Tnan drink in the morning of this warm a cup fidl,
let him eat therewith three pieces of the brewit that
is here afterwards mentioned.

2. Work thus a brewit for lung disease ; take betonj',
and marrubinm, wormwood, hind heal,' the lower part
of wen wort, lupin, helenium, radish, everthroat, field-
more ; pound all thoroughly well, and boil in butter,
and wring through a cloth ; shed on the decoction barley
meal, shake it in a dish without fire till it be as thick
as brewit ; let him eat three pieces, with the drink
of the warm liquor.

3. Again, boil in honey alone, marrubinm, add a little
barley meal, let the man eat at night fixsting ; and when

' Eupatorium cannabimim.

318 LMCE BOC.

bpenc obSe bpip j^ele liim liatiie -j Iset jejiefcan ]?one
man seftep tibe ' bse^ef on ]?a fpiSpan fiban *j hapa |>one
eajim a];eneb.

.XV.

V pi]? majan psepce pyl pTc on cu meolce abo f pic
op pupe ]ipon peapm pona bi]; ]-el. pi]? a])unbeneppe 'j
[jip]^ men nelle myltan hip mete pyl on psefcepe

V poUeian -j leac cepfan pele bpmcan liim bi]? fona
pel;

.XVI.

ViJ? milte pfiepce cnua jpene pealhpmbe feoS on
hunije anum j-ele him ecan .ill. fn?eba on neahc
neptij.

. XVII.

Dij; lenben poepce mapubie . nepte . bojen em pela
ealpa bo on 30b ealu pyjic to bjience fpet hpoD pele
bpmcan licje uppeajib ?eptep }?on ii;obe lipile.

.XVTII.

J b. Pi]? pambe prejice -j jiypel ptejice ]>se]\ ]>n ^ei'eo topb

piyel on eopj^an li}) peoppan ymbpo lime mib tpam
hanbum mib hip jepeoppe pa}:a mib ]?inum hanbnm
fpi]?e "j cpeS |;]upa • Remebium pacio ab uentjii]- bolopem.
Peopp ]?onne opeji bsec Jpone pipel on pejebehealb ]5
]ni ne locije sejccep • ]7onne monnef pambe psepce o'SSe
]iy]-le ymbpoh mib ];inum hanbum J^a pambe liim bi]?

» Thus MS. I - siy not in MS.

LEECH BOOK. III.

319

thou givest liim drink or brewit, give it him liot ; and Book III.
make the man rest after an hour, by day, on the right ^ '" ^^^''
side, and have the arm extended.

XV.

For pain in the maw ; boil pitch in cow milk, re-
move the pitch, let him sip a little warm, soon the
man will be well. For distention, and if a mans
meat will not digest ; boil in water pulegium and leek
cress, ^ give this to the man to drink, soon it will be
well with him.

xvi.

For milt pain ; pound green sallow rind, seethe in
honey alone, give the man to eat three pieces at night
fasting.

xvii.

For loin wark ; marrubium, nepeta, thyme, of all
equal quantities, put into good ale ; work to a drink,
sweeten a little, give to the man to drink ; let him
lie with face up afterwards for a good while.

xviii.

For wamb wark and pain in the fatty part of the
belly ; when thou seest a dung beetle - in the earth
throwing up nfiould, catch him with thy two hands
along with his casting up, wave him strongly with
thy hands, and say thrice, " Remedium facio ad ventris
" dolorem ; " then throw the beetle over thy back away ;
take care thou look not after it. When a mans wamb
or belly fat is in pain, grasp the wamb with thine

' Erysimum alliuria.
- Our Saxon must have had Tal-
pam, or 'Ao-7roAa/ca before him in

this sentence ; but he names tlie
Scarii/jaus .shrcorarius.

o20 L/ECE BOO,

j'ona j-el • xii. mona]; ]>u mealir fpa bon a^):t(']i ])am

XVIIII.

\ \]> h\ix^hhe\\ pa^jtce. piulu mejice • ■^ loaccejife pyl
fpij'p on eala'S j'ole bpnioaii "j eran ,"^eb]ia^bne fra^ji.

.XX.

Qi]: man ne ma^je jemijan 'j linn peaxan fcanap on
^' \>?e]xe blfebjian yy\ I'unbcojm on eala'5 'j perejifilian yele

Inm bpmcan.

.XXI.

(tij: men fie pe urjanj poppetren pyl peiniiob on
pnpnni eala|> -j bo bntejian y<e\\ to hnn bi]' fona pel
jTp lie lilt: bjimc)'.

.XXII.

yi]) urpilit; able • v. leapan • hleomoce • cnjimealle •
elelitpe. jecnua pa pyjica • 'j ]'yl on meolce pele Inm
fol. iiGa. hjnncan peajiin on moji^cnne -j on n?pen ; Pyj^c bpip
ro ])on ilcan ])ubu cunellan • Lleomoc • bepyl Jjajia
meolce ];jiibban btel ]>iTejie ]'y)ite op ];am meolcnm ^
j-ceab lipa3ten mela jwp on *j ete ]?one bjnp cealbne •
•j ]-npe J>a meoluc linn bi'5 ]-ona pel jlp pe bjiip *j fe
bjienc inne jepnniae) ]ni niealit ];one man 3;elaonian
jip Inm oppleo;z,ei5 him bi'S peljie -p ])u Inne na ne
v/ ibP^^'^ ^^"^^ ^*']^ ^'T F^oph abl 5eten;5e.

. XXIII.

Qtp j'yjima]- beo]> on mannep innoc5e ]>j\ on bntejian
jpene jiuban bpmc~ on neaht: neptij j-cenc pnlne In

' Read as before bejiyl on meolce o\> )')iibban fatcl • bo )'a i'3)i~a oy
pam meolcum.
- Vowel dropped.

LEECH BOOK. III. 321

liands, it will soon be well with the man ; for twelve ^^^ m-

months after the beetle thou slialt have power so to

do.

xix.

For bladder pain ; wood marche and sauce alone ;
boil them strongly in ale ; administer to drink, and to
eat a roasted starling.

XX.

If a man cannot mie, and stones wax in the bladder ;
boil sundcorns ^ in ale, and parsley ; give hirti this to
drink.

xxi.

If a mans excrement be lodged ; boil wormwood
in sour ale, and add butter thereto; it will soon be
well with him, if he drinketh it.

xxii.

For diarrhoea ; cinqfoil, brooklime, churmel, lupin ;
pound the worts, and boil them in milk ; give this to
the man to drink warm in the morning and in the
evening. Work thus a brewit for the same : wild
cunila, brooklime ; boil in milk to a third part, remove
the worts from the milk, shed wheaten meal thereon,
and let him eat the brewit cold, and let him sip the
milk, it will soon be well with him. If the brewit
and the drink remain within him, thou mayst cure the
man ; if they flow away, it will be better for him, that
thou should not meddle with him, his death sickness
is upon him.

xxiii,

1. If worms be in a mans inwards ; boil green rue
in butter, let the man drink at night fasting a cup

' Saxifragia yranulata. Prescribed because saxa fraiigit.
VOL. II. X

fol. 116 b.

322 L^CE BOC.

jepitaS ealle ape;^ mib ]yy ucjanje "j he bi8 j'ona
hal ;

To J>on ilcan jenim cymene)' bufc menj to jate
jeallan -j jreappej- jnib ]?one napolan mib ealle hi jepita];
mjjep; op ];sem meN.

. XXIIIl.

Pi|? liS psepce I'lnj . vim. li]?um j?ij- jealbo-^ jjseji
on • *j ]?m fparl fpip on • Oi^alijnup oblijauit • anjelup
cupauic- bommu]' Saluauit- him bi}> pona pel.

To J'on ilcan jenim culppan topb • -j gate topb bjuje
fjnSe -j jnib Co bufce menj pi]? hunij "j pi]? butrpan
fmipe mib j^a leo]7u.

. XXV.

pi]? peaptum jenim himbep micjean -j mupe blob
menj to pomne fmipe mib ]?a peaptan hi jepita]? fona
apes

.XXVI.
Pi J? miclan lice ^enim nio]?opeapbe elenan -j ]?un5 •
■j oinpjian ]>&, J^e fpimman pile ealpa empela • -j ^ecnua
pel • -j pyl on bucejian bo pel j-ealtej' on -j fmijie mib.
Pypc bi8 ^ pi]> }?am miclan lice • elene • {elf]?one •
mapubie • cupmealle • ellen tanaf • *j ac tanap pyl fjnSe
on psetpe -j be]?e on fpi'Se hatum f Kc. pypc bpeuc
]n^ ]»am miclan lice hinbhiolo}?an • cujimeallan • bo^en •
nepte- a^jiimoma* betomca* pmul* bile* bo on 30b
ealo pele bjimcan on bseje .111. pcencaf pulle. Pyjic
bpip pi]? ]?on ilcan • jenim nioj'opeapbe elenan • -j eopoji
J^jiotan • pebic • -j })a jieaban netlan nio]>opeapbe fceappa
i'msele -j jecnua pel • pyl pi]?J)an on bucejian bo clsene
ipij tapan }?8eji on jip J?u hsebbe • -j hpon bepenef melpep
bo on blebe mib ]?am pyptum -j hpep mib fticcan 0]?

> That is, b8e«.

LEECH BOOK. Til. 323

full ; they wiU all depart away witli the evacuation, aud Book ni.
he will soon be well. ^^* ^^'""

2. For that ilk. Take dust of cummin, mingle, it
with goats and bulls gall, rub the navel with them all,
the worms will all disappear from the man downwards.

xxiv.

1. For joint pain ; sing nine times this incantation
thereon, and spit thy spittle on the joint : " Malignus
" obligavit; angelus curavit; dominus salvavit." It
will soon be well with him.

2. For that ilk. Take doves dung and a goats tord,
dry them thoroughly and rub to dust, mingle with
honey and with butter, smear the joints therewith.

XXV.

For warts ; take hounds mie, and a mouses blood,
mingle together, smear the warts therewith, they will
soon depart away.

xxvi.
For elephantiasis, take the netherward part of hele-
nium and aconite, and dock, that namely which will
swim, of all equal quantities, and pound well and boil
in butter, add a good spice of salt, and smear there-
with. Work thus a bath against the mickle body
brought on by leprosy, helenium, enchanters night-
shade, marrubium, churmel, elder twigs, and oak twigs;
boil strongly in water, and bathe the body in it very
hot. Work thus a drink against the mickle body; put
hindheal, churmel, thyme, nepeta, agrimony, betony,
fennel, dill, into good ale ; administer to be drunk in
a day three cups full. Work a brewit for that ilk ;
take the netherward part of helenium and everthroat,
radish, and the netherward part of the red nettle, scrape
them small, and pound them well. Afterwards boil
them in butter; add ivy tar besides if thou have it,
and a little barley meal ; put this on a dish with the

X 2

324 L^CE BOC.

•j3 hit col fie j'ele etan on neaht neytij .III. fnjeba
jfele jpone bjiip -j ]?one bpenc sep J>am hadpe ]>y Isey hit
mylea sejztep ]?am ba]?e.

. XXVII.

Pi]? pmjalum J>ujifte ^ untjiumjia manna • Nim pep-
mob "j hmb hiolo]7an -j 3y]?pi}:an pylle on ealaj? jefpete
fol. 117 a. hpon pele him bpmcan hit hsel}? )7one jjupfc^ pun-
bophce.

XXVIII.

Pi]? mnan jioptoje '^ i'msel ]jeapma ece • jenim beto-
nican • -j pepmob • mepce • prebic • pmul • jecnua ealle*
•j bo on eala fete ]?onne -j beppeoh bjimc on neaht
nej'tij ycenc pulne,

. XXVIIII.

Vi]? bpyne jip mon fie mib fype ane fopbsepneb
mm pubupofan • -j hhan • -j hleomoc pyl on butejian
•j fmipe mib. xtp mon fie mib psetan popbsepneb nime
elm pmbe • "j lilian mojian pyl on meolcum fmipe mib
]?]iipa on bses- pi}? funbpyne • meppe ipij tpiju pyl
on butpan fmipe mib.

.XXX.

pypc jobne "Seop bpenc • pepmob • bojen • japclipan'
^ polleian • penpypt • J?a fmalan pel tejipe • eajpyjit •
]?eoppypt • ceafcep sej'cef . ii. fnseba • elenan . ill. com-
mucef 3 III. pubu peax an jobne b?el • cupmeallan •
jej-ceappa }?af pypta on job hlutcop eala o]?]?e pylifc
ealu Iset ftanban .ill. nilit beppijen ]-ele bpmcan
j'cenc fulne tibe sep o}?pum mete, pi]? J?eope *j pi]?
fol. 117 b, ]'ceotenbum penne • mm bojen • -j jeappan -j pubu peax

' bufr, MS. I ^ Read yojicogennerre 1-

■' )>|.f-, MS.

LEECH BOOK. HI. ;j25

worts, and stir it about with a spoon till it Ije cool ; ^^ook ill.

. , . . . . Ch xxvi.

give the onan to eat at night lasting three bits of it ;
give the brewit and the drink before the bath; let it
strike inwards after the bath.

xxvii.

For the constant thirst of ailing men; take worm-
wood, and hind heal, and githrife, boil in ale, sweeten
a little, give to the man to drink, it healeth the thirst
wonderfully.

XXVlll.

For inward griping and small guts ache ; take betony,
and wormwood, marche, radish, fennel ; pound all and
put into ale, then set it down and wrap it up ; drink
at night fasting a cup full.

XXIX.

For a burn ; if a man be burnt with fire only, take
woodruff, and lily, and brooklime ; boil in butter, and
smear therewith. If a man be burnt with a liquid,
let him take elm rind and roots of lily; boil theui in
milk, smear therewith thrice a day. For sunburn ;
boil in butter tender ivy twigs; smear therewith.

XXX.

Work a good " dry " drink for the " dry " disease ;
wormwood, thyme, agrimony, pennyroyal, wenwort,
the small centaury, eyewort, inula conyza, two pro-
portions of black hellebore, three of helenium, eight of
cammock, wood wax, a good deal of it, churmel ; scrape
these worts into good clear ale, or foreign ale, let it
stand wrapt up for three nights, give the man a cup
full to drink an hour before other meat. Against the
" dry disease " and against a shooting wen ; take Ijothen,
and yarrow, and wood wax, and ravens foot, put into

326 L^CE BOC.

"j hjiepnejf pot bo on job ealu yele bjimcan on bseje
. III. pcencaf fulle. Tip J^eoji jepunije on anjie fcope
pypc bejjinje nnn ]5 ipij |7e on fcane peaxe • "j jeappan •
V "j pubu bmbep leap *j cuplyppan jecnua ealle pel leje
sy on hatne fcan on tjioje jeot hpon psetepief on Iset;
peocan on f lie }jte)i J^sep liim Jpeapp pie ]7onne pe col
fie bo ojpepne hatne on he]>e fpa jelome him bij>
fona pel.

. XXXI.

Pypc jobe penpealpe mm pubu mepce- "j hpepnep
pot • "j pepmob nio)?opeapbne • cii plyppan • puban •
pubu bmbep leap- ipij leap ]7e on eopj^an yixp- pa, clu-
pihtan* penpypt* jecnua ealle- pyl on pammep fmeppe
o]>]>e on buccan bo ])pibban bsel butepan appmj ]?uph
claj? bo |7omie ^obne fcip tapan to -j hpeji o]? f hit
col fie.

.XXXII.

Vy^ic jobe bolh pealpe mm jeappan- -j pubu popan
mo]7opeapbe- pelb mopan • "j mojjopeapbne pijel hpeop-
pan pyl on jobpe butepan appmj J?uph cla6 'j Iset je-
fuanban pel selc bolh ]7U meaht lacman mib.

.XXXIII.

Ztp mon fie upan on heapob punb -j fie ban je-

fol. 118 a. bpocen mm pijel hpeojipan - -j hpite clseppan pifan -

■j pubupopan bo on jobe butpan aj^eoh puph claS "j

lacna pi]?]^an. :•

Tip fio eaxl upfuije mm ^ J^a j-ealpe bo hpon peapme
mib pe}»epe him bi^ pona pel. Pypc jobne bolh bpenc
mm ajpimoman 'j pubu popan bo on 50b ealo pele
bpincan jobne j'cenc pulne on neahc neptij. jip je-

' ni bo, MS.

LEECH BOOK. III. ' 327

good ale, give the man to drink three cups full a day : Book III.
if the "dry disease" remain in one place, work a
fomentation thus ; take the ivy, which groweth on
stone, and yarrow, and leaves of woodbind and cow-
slip ; pound all these well, lay them on a hot stone in
a trough, pour a little water upon them, let it reek
upon the body, where need may be ; when the stone is
cool, put another hot one in, foment the man so fre-
quently. It will soon be well with him.

xxxi.

Work a good wen salve thus; take wood marche,
and ravens foot, and the netherward part of worm-
wood, cowslip, rue, leaves of woodbind, ivy leaves, that
ivy which groweth on the earth, the cloved wenwort;
pound thein all, boil in rams grease, or in bucks grease,
put a third part of butter, wring through a cloth, then
add good ship tar, and shake till it be cool.

xxxii.

Work a good wound salve thus; take yarrow, and
the nether part of woodruff, fieldmore, and the nether
part of solwherf; boil in good butter, wring through
a cloth, and let it stand. Pretty well every wound
thou mayst cure therewith.

xxxiii.

1. If a man be wounded in his upper quarter, in
his head, and some bone be broken ; take solwherf,
and white clover plants, and woodruff; put into good
butter, strain through a cloth, and so treat the imtient.

2. If the shoulder get up out of place, take the
salve, apply a little warm with a feather : it will soon
be well with the man. Work a good wound drink
thus; take agrimony, and woodruff, put them into
good ale, give the man to drink a good cup full, at

328 LMGE BOCf.

bjiocen ban fie on heaybe -j oj: nelle cnua jpene beto-
nican -j leje on f bolh jelome o]> f j?a ban op lyn "j
^ bolh jebatob.

. XXXIIII.
, J)i]> Imnbe]' ylite cnupa pibban leje on f bolh *j
puban pyl on butjian lacna mib f bolh. Tip fmpe fyn
popcoppene mm penpypmap jecnupa pel lege on o]y ^ hi
hale fynb. jlp pmpe pien jepcpuncene nime a3mettan
inib hiopa bebjepibe pyl on psetpe "j bej^e mib "j pece
])a, )-inpe jeopnlice.

.XXXV.

Vijj jonjepippan bite mm hemie tej jnib on ealu
lipeap "j ]-ceaj)e]- topb nipe fpa he nyte pele hi in bjiincan
jobne fcenc pulne.

. XXXVI.

Pi]? cancpe mm jate jeallan -j hum 5 menj to
fomne ■ bejea empela bo on f bolh. To J^on ilcan nipe
hunbep heapob bsepn to ahpan bo on bolh • jip hit
fol. 118 b. nelle j5 mm monnef bpojan bpij Ipi^e jnib to bulte
bo on jip pu mib ]>yp ne meaht jelacman ne meaht
]m him ?eppe nahte.

. XXXVII.

n Dip )?on jje jnp ne mseje beapn acenuan • mm pelb

mopan nio]7opeapbe pyl on meolcum -j on psetpe bo
bejea empela j'ele etan ]?a mopan 'j ]5 pop fupan. To
]7on ilcan binb on ■^ pinfcpe J?eoh up pi8 f cennenbe
Km moJ?opeapbe beolonan oj^j^e . xii. copn cellenbpan
psebep "j f j-ceal bon cniht o^8e mseben • fpa f beapn
)-ie acenneb bo }ja pyjita aj^ej ]>y hey ]5 mnelpe utj-ije.

LEECH BOOK. III. 329

night fasting. If there be a broken bone in the head, Rook III.
and it will not come away, pound green betony and ' ■^^''"'•
lay it on the wound frequently, till the bones come
away and the wound is mended,

xxxiv.
For rending of hound ; pound ribwort, lay it on the
wound, and boil rue in butter, tend the wound there-
with. If sinews are cut through ; take worms, pound
them well, lay on till the sinetvs be restored. If sinews
be shrunken ; take emmets with their nest, boil them
in water, and beathe therewith, and earnestly reek the
sinews vjith the vapour.

XXXV.

Against bite of gangway weaving spider ; take a
hens Qgg, rub it up raw into ale, and a sheeps tord
new, so that the 'patient wit it not, give him a good
cup full to drink.

XXX vi.

Against cancer ; take goats gall and honey, mingle
together of both equal quantities, apply to the wound.
For that ilk ; burn a fresh hounds head to ashes,
apply to the wound. If the luound will not give way
to that, take a mans dung, dry it thoroughly, rub to
dust, apply it. If with this thou art not able to cure
him, thou mayst never do it by any means.

xxxvii.

In case that a woman may not kindle a bairn ;
take of fieldraore the nether part, boil it , in milk and
in water, apply of both equal quantities, give the roots
to her to eat and the wash to sip. For that ilk. ^^xA^t^Jco^t.-
Bind on her left thigh, up against the kindling limb,
the netlierward part of henbane, or twelve grains of
coriander seed, and that shall give a boy a or maiden :
when the bairn is kindled, remove the worts away, lest

330 L^CE BOC.

Ttp 6]: pipe nelle jan ?eptep J^am beojij^pe ^ jecynbelic
fie • feoJ»e ealb fpic on psetpe be]?e mib ]7one cpi]? oSSe

v^ hleomoc oJ?]?e hoccej' leap pyl on ealo]? j'ele bpmcan
lilt hat. Ttp on pipe j-ie beab beapn pyl on meolce 'j

\ on psetpe hleomoc *j polleian pele bpmcan on bsej tupa.
Teopne if to pypnanne beapneacnum pipe f hio aht
fealtep ete oS^e fpetej- oJ>J>e beop bpmce • ne fpmef plsepc
ete ne naht psetep • ne bpuncen jebpmce ne on pej ne
pepe • ne on hoppe to fpi^e pibe j^y Isef f beapn op
fol. 119 a. hipe fie sep piht tibe. jip hio ^ blebe to fpi]>e septep
]7am beop|?]ie nio]?opeapbe clatan pyl on meolce pele
etan *j fupan ]5 poj\

. XXXVIII.

pi]; ]?on ]ye pipum fie popfcanben hipa mona]? jecynb
pyl on eala^S hleomoc -j tpa cupmeallan pele bpmcan
•j be]7e f ptp on hatum baj^e "j bjimce |7one bpenc on
)?am ba]?e hapa ]?e sep jepopht clam op beop bpseptan
•j op 5penpe mucjpypte •j mepce • -j op bepene melpe
menj ealle tofomne jehjiep on pannan clsem on f
jecynbe lim -j on ]?one cpi'S nio]7opeapbne ]7onne hio
op )?am babe jse]? 'j bpmce pcenc pulne Jjsep ilcan
bpencef^ peapmep ^j beppeoh f pip pel -j Iset beon fpa
becl^meb lanje tibe l^sep bas^ef bo fpa tupa fpa ]7pipa
fpiB];ep ]7U I'cyle • j)u pcealt fimle pam pipe bee]? pyji-
cean -j bpenc pellan on ]?a ilcan tib • ]>e hipe fio jecynb
a3t psepe ahj-a ]fsey set ];am pipe.

Ttp pipe to fpi]?e opplope fio mona5 jecynb • jemm
nipe hoppej- topb leje on hate jleba Iset peocan fpi]?e

• Ino in MS. follows Ipy laef ; the scribe having copied from some
older writing in which it had been placed out of the line.
2 fcencef, MS

LEECH BOOK. III.

331

the matrix prolapse. If what is natural will not come
away from a woman after the birth, seethe old lard
in water, bathe the vulva therewith ; or boil in ale
brooklime or hollyhock, administer it to drink hot. If
there be a dead bairn in a woman, boil in milk and
in water brooklime and pulegium, give it her to drink
twice a day. Earnestly must a pregnant woman be
cautioned, that she eat naught salt or sweet, noi- drink
beer, nor eat swines flesh, nor aught fat, nor drink to
drunkenness, nor fare by the way, nor ride too much
on horse, lest the bairn come from her before the right
time. If she bleed too much after the birth, boil in
milk the netherward part of clote, give it her to cat,
and the ooze to sip.

Book III.
Ch, xxxvii.

XXXVIU.

1 . In case mulieribus menstrua suppressa sunt ; boil
in ale brooklime, and the two centauries, give "Aer"^
this to drink, and beathe " the woman " in a hot bath,
and let her drink the draught in the bath ; have ready
prepared a poultice of beer dregs, and of green mug-
wort, and marche, and of barley meal ; mix them all
together ; shake them up in a pan, apply to the natura,
and to the netherward part of the vulva, when she
goeth. off the bath, and let her drink a cup full of the
same drink warm, and wrap up the woman well, and
leave her so poulticed for a long time of the day,^ do
so twice or thrice, whichever thou must. Thou shalt
always prepare a bath and give the potion to the
woman at that ilk tide, at which the catamenia were
vipon her ; inquire of the woman about that.

2. Si muliebria nimis fluunt ; take a fresh horses
tord, lay it on hot gledes, make it reek strongly

' The Saxon text varies the
numbers, plural and singular.
- By a transposition in the text,

we should get " twice or thrice a
" day."

832 L^CE BOC.

becpeoli ]n\ |?eoli tip unbeji ];a3'c lipsejl f ye mon
fptete fpi]?e.

. XXXVIIII.

fol. 119 b. Vi'S fmeapypme fmipinj • mm fpmep jeallan *j

pipcep jeallan* -j hpepnep ^eallan- -j liapan jeallan
menj to pomne fmipe j^a bolh mib blap mib hpeobe on ^
f peap on f bolh cnua ]70une heopoc bpembel leap leje
on |?a bolh. Pypc bejjinje to J^on ilcan mm sepp pmbe •
"j pi]i pmbe • epic pmbe • plah ]7opn pinbe • pippmbe • ^
V bepc pmbe- cnua ealle"^ ]7a junba pyl on cype hpseje
ppeah mib *j be])e f Itm ])e pe pypm on fie • 'j septep
J)8epe bej^mje abpij *j fmipe mib j^sejie pealpe • -j blap
]7a pealpe on J>a bolh "j leje Sa bpembel leap on bo fpa
on bseje Spipa on fumepa -j on jnntpa tpipa.

Pypc ]?a blacan )'ealpe 31}: J^e J>eapp fie • jepamna
]7e cu ambpu hpy]?pa micjean • 'j ambep pulne holen
jimba • -j sepcpmba • -j j^unjep • pylle })onne on cetele
o]> ^ pe pseta fie tpjebe on bep^^lleb abo op ])a pypta
■j ba pmba • j'yl ept oj? p hi~ pie fpa ]?icce fpa molcen
v/^ -j fpa fpeapt fpa col fmijie mib pi]p];an ]3 bolh -j hapa
clam jepopht op mealtej' fmebman 'j op hpitmj melpe-
-j elehtjian clupa cnua -j jnib topomne pypc to clame

fol. 120 a. jip he fie to bpije bo on bpeopenbe pypt hpon clseni
on ]?a bolh -j utan ymb • ]-i];]mn hie jefmypeb fynb
feo j-ealp ]>ile sejiefc ]?a bolh pyman *j f beabe plsepc
opetan -j j^one fpile a|>psenan -j ]wne pypm ]?8e]i on
beabne ^ebe]? o]?]?e cpicne opbpipcS -j ]>a bolh jelacna'S. :■

' )> rea)), MS. j ^ die, MS.

2 ))i]i)nnbe is thus repeated in MS. I

LEECH BOOK. TIT. 333

between the tliighs, up under the raiment, that the Book III.

, 1 Ch. xxxviii.

woman may sweat much.

xxxix.

1. A smearing for a penetrating worm; take swines
gall, and fishes gall, and crabs gall, and hares gall ;
mingle them together, smear the wounds thereAvith ;
blow with a reed the liquid into the wound ; then
pound hart bramble^ leaves, lay them on the wounds.
Work up a fomentation for that ilk ; take aspen rind,
and myrtle rind, quickbeam rind, sloethorn rind, birch
rind ; pound all the rinds together, boil them in cheese
whey, wash therewith and foment the limb on which
the wound is, and after the beathing dry and smear
with the salve, and blow the salve into the wounds,
and lay on the bramble leaves ; do so thrice a day in
summer, and in winter twice. »

2. Work up the black salve, if need be, thus; collect
two buckets of bullocks mie, and a bucket full of holly
rinds, and of ash rind, and of aconite ; then boil in
a kettle till the liquor be boiled to two thirds, remove
the " worts " and the rinds ; boil again till it be as
thick as milk porridge and as swart as a coal ; after-
wards smear the wound therewith, and have a plaster
ready wrought of fine smede of malt, and of whiting
meal, and lupins; cleave, pound, and rub them together,
work them into a paste ; if it be too dry, add brew-
ing wort, a trifle of it; dab it on the wounds and
round about them. After they are smeared, the salve
will first enlarge the wounds, and eat ofi" the dead
flesh, and soften the swelling, and it will do to
death the worm therein, or diive him away alive,
and will heal the wounds.

Rhamnus.

334 L.ECE BOO.

.XL.

yiy Jpon ];e mon fie mona]^ j-eoc mm mepe fpmejf pel
pyjic to fpipaii fpmj mib pone man j-ona bi^ j'el •

amen.

.XLI.

Vypc - jobne bpenc pij> eallum jreonbef cofcunjum •
Nim betonican • bifceop pypt • elehtpan • jyjjpipan •
attoplajpan • pulpep camb • jeappan • leje unbep peopob
jefjnje .villi, msejjan opep jefceappa ]?a pypta on
lialij psetep pele bpmcan on neaht neptij pcenc pulne •
•j bo j5 lialij psetep on ealne ]?one mete J?e pe man
, I'lcje. Pyjic jobe pealp e pij? peonbej- cofcunja • bifceop

pypt . elehtpe • hapan^ fppecel • fcpeapbepian pipe • fio
clupihte penpypt eopSpima • bpembel seppel • polleian •
pepmob . jecnua Jja pypta ealle apylle on jobpe
bntepan ppmj ])uph cla^ fete unbep peopob j'mje
fol. 120 b. .vim. mseppan opep • fmipe ];one man mib on |?a J7un-
ponje • "j bupan )?am eajum -j upan f heapob • -j |?a
bpeoft -j unbep ]7am eapmum J)a fiban. beop pealp
ip 50b pi}> selcpe peonbep cofcunja -j selpfibenne -j
lencten able. jip pu pilt lacnian jepitfeocne man
jebo bybene pulle cealbep paetpep bpyp ]7pipa on ]?se]'
bpencej' • bef'e J?one man on Jjam pastpe -j ete pe man
jehaljobne lilap • ^ cype • *j japleac • -j epopleac -j
bpmce ]?8ep bpencep pcenc pulne -j ];onne he pie
beba]?ob fmipe mib ]78epe j-ealpe fpi]?e • -j pi}>]?an him
pel pie pypc him |7onne fpi^ne bpenc titypnenbum.^
Pypc ]?U]' )>one bpenc mm lybcopnep leap • -j cele];o-
nian mopan • -j jlsebenan mopan • -j hoccep mopan •
■j ellenep pypttpuman pmbe pyl on ealaS Iset fcanban
neahrejme ahlyttjie ]?onne -j gepypm bo butepan to *j

' amen is in a different hand. I ' hajia, MS.

- Vjic, MS. I ^ Read ucypnenbe, for -bne.

LEECH BOOK. ITI. 335

xl. Book III.

Ch. xl.

In case a man be lunatic ; take skin of a mereswine
or porpoise, work it into a whip, swinge the man
therewith, soon he will be well. Amen.

xli.

Work thus a good drink against all temptations of the
devil. Take betony, bishopwort, lupins, githrife, attor-
lothe, wolfscomb, yarrow ; lay them under the altar,
sing nine masses over them, scrape the worts into holy
water, give the man to drink at night fasting a cup
full, and put the holy water into all the meat which
the man taketh. Work thus a good salve against
temptations of the fiend. Bishopwort, lupin, vipers
bugloss, strawberry plant, the cloved wenwort, earth
rime, blackberry, pennyroyal, wormwood ; pound all the
worts, boil them in good butter, wring through a cloth,
set them under the altar, sing nine masses over them ;
smear the man therewith on the temples, and above
the eyes, and above the head, and the breast, and the
sides under the arms. This salve is good for every
temptation of the fiend, and for a man full of elfin
tricks, and for typhus fever. If- thou wilt cure a wit
sick man, put a pail full of cold water, drop thrice into it
some of the drink ; bathe the man in the water, and let
the man eat hallowed bread, and cheese, and garlic, and
cropleek, and drink a cup full of the drink ; and when
he hath been bathed, smear with the salve thoroughly ;
and when it is better with liim, then work him a
strong purgative drink. Work the drink thus ; take
leaves of libcorn, and roots of celandine, and roots of
gladden, and root of hollyhock, and rind of root of
elder; boil in ale, let it stand for the space of a night,
then clarify, and warm it, add butter and salt, ad-

336 LJECF, BOC,

j-ealc yele bjuncan. Py]ie fpipe bpenc uryjineiibne nim
feopejitij lybcopna bepenb pel -j jejnib on niojjopeapbe
celeJ?onian -j lioccep mojian -j tpa clupe j^sepe clupehtaii
penpypte -j hpeplij^ette nijjepeapbe an lytel • 'j ham-
j'yjite mojian mebmicel • jebo ealle ]?a pypta fpij>e pel
clsene "j jecnua bo on eala beppeoli Iset fcanban neah.-
fol. 121 a. tepne yele bpmcan pcenc pulne.

.XLII,
Qip fpiSbpenc on man jepitte -j he nelle opjan
mm mj^epeapbe cele}?onian • "j lybcopuep leap o]>]>e
apob pyl on ealaS bo bute]\an "j pealr to yele bpmcan
peapmep pcenc pulne.

.XLIII.

J)}]> attpep bpmce feo|? henne -j hoccep leap on
p?etpe abo ]?one pujel op -j ]?a py]^ta j-ele fupan -p
bjioS pel jebutepob fpa he hatofc raseje • jip he seji
hsepj) attoji jebpuncen ne bi]? him alite j^e pypp pp
he f bpo^ ]?onne sep fyp^ ne meahc |7U him |7y bse^e
atco^ jepellan ;

.XLTIII.

Vijj luj'um pele him etan jefobenne capel on neaht
neptij jelome he bij; luptim bepepeb.

.XLV.

Qip pojxn fcmje man on p6r dppe hpeob -j nelle
opjan mme mpe joj-e topb • -j jpene jeappan cnupije
fpi])e topomne clasm on -^ bolh fona bij» pel ;

LEFX'PI BOOK. III. 037

minister to drink. Work iltvf! a purgative spew drink ; Book in.
take forty libcorns, rend tliem Avell, and rnl) them ^'''- x'"-
simall upon the netlierward part of celandine and
mallow roots, and two cloves of the .cloved wen^
wort, and a little of the netlierward part of cucumber,
and a moderate quantity of the root of homewort ;
make all the worts thoroughly well clean, and pound
them; put them into ale, wrap up, let it stand for a
nights space, give the man a cup full to drink.

xlii.

If a strong potion lodge in a man, and will not
come away, take the netlierward part of celandine,
and leaves of libcorn or arod,' boil in ale, add butter
and salt, give to drink a cup full of it warm.

xliii.

For drink of poison ; seethe a hen and leaves of
mallow in water, remove the fowl and the worts,
give the man the broth to sip, well buttered, as hot
as he can tal'e it. If he hath drunken j^oison before,
it will be none the worse with him. If he supneth the
broth beforehand thou mayst not that day give him
poison (effectually),

xliv.

Against lice ; give the man to eat sodden colewort
at night fasting, frequently : he will be guarded against
lice.

xlv.

If a thorn or a reed prick a man in the foot, and
will not be gone ; let him take a fresh goose tord and
green yarrow, let him pound them thorousfhly together,
paste them on the wound, soon it Avill be well.

» Aron ?
VOL. II. Y

338 LMCE EOC.

.XLVI.
J)\\> {Bj-mselum • -j pi]? eallum eajna pnepce • ceo]'
pulpep comb j'jimj ])onne ]>uph hsepenne claS pyllenne
on |)a eajaii f peap on nilit J?onne he pepcan pille -j
on mojijen bo rejep ]> lipice ])X]\ on.

. XLVII.

^ Vi]? lyp'^ able jTp )-e muS pie poh o]>];e jwn • mm

fol. if^H), eellenb]ian jnib on pipej- meolce bo on f hale eape hira
hi]? pona pel. Gpt mm cellenbpan abjnj ^epypc to
bufce jemenj ]> bufc -pip pipep nieoluc J?e psepneb pebe
ajjpmj ]7U]ih hsepenne claS "j fmipe p hale ponj^e mib
-j b]iype on ]5 eape psejiliee. Pypc ]?onne bej^mje •
jenim bpembel pmbe -j elm jiinbe • £epc pinbe • plah-
]?opn pmbe apulboji pmbe • ipij pmbe • ealle pap
nio];opea]ibe -j hpephpetcan • fmejiu pyj^t • eopoji peajm •
elene • selpjjone • betomce • mapubie • pebic • aj;]!!-
raonia jefceappa pa pyjita on cetel *j pyl fpi^e • ]?onne
hit fie fpi]?e jepylleb bo op pam pype -j pete 'j ^epypc
pam men petl opep pam citele -j beppeop "Sone man
mib ^ pe £e]?m ne masje tic nahpreji butan he mreje
jeepian • bepe hme mib J?ippe bepmje ];a hpile pa he
maeje apsepnan. JDapa him ponne opep beep jeapa •
;^enim semet beb mib ealle • papa pe hpilum pleojaS
beop peabe • pyl on psetpe bepe hme mib • onjemet-
hatum. Pypc him ponne ]'ealpe mm felcep pa]ia
cynnep ]>y)ita pyl on butejian fmipe mib ]?a papan
limu Ine cpiciap j-ona. Pypc him leaje op ellen ahj-an
ppeah hip lieapob mib colpe him bip pona bet • *j pe
man Irete him blob selce monpe on .v. mhta ealbne
monan 'j on piptyne -j on .xx.

LEECH BOOK. III. 339

xlvi. Book 11 r.

lor immmutions/ and for all pain of the eyes; chew
wolfscomb, then wring the ooze through a purple cloth
upon the eyes, at night, when the man has a mind to
rest, and in the morning apply the white of an egg.

xlvii.

For palsy, if the mouth be awry or livid, rub cori-
ander in v/omans milk, put it into the sound ear, it
will soon be well with the inan. Again, take coriander,
dry it, work it to dust, mingle the dust with milk of
a woman, who brought forth a male, wring through a
purple cloth, and smear the sound cheek therewith, and
drip it on the ear warily. Then work a fomentation ;
take bramble rind, and elm rind, ash rind, sloethorn
rind, appletree rind, ivy rind, all these from the nether
part of the trees, and cucumber, smearwort, everfern,
helenium, enchanters nightshade, betony, marrubium,
radish, agrimony ; scrape the worts into a kettle, and
boil strongly. When it hath been strongly boiled, re-
move it off the fire and set it do^un, and get the man
a seat over the kettle, and wrap the man up, that the
vapour may get out nowhere, except only so that the
man may breathe ; beathe him with this fomentation as
long as he can bear it. Then liave another bath ready
fo]' him, take an emmet bed, all at once, a bed of those
male eniiinets which at whiles fly, they are red ones, boil
them in water, beathe him with it immoderately hot.
Then make him a salve ; take worts of each kind of
those above tnentioned, boil them in butter, smear the
sore limbs therewith, they will soon quicken. Make
him a ley of elder ashes, wash his head with this
cold ; it will soon be well with him : and let the man
get bled every month, when the moon is five, and
fifteen, and twenty nights old.

' Contraction of the pupil.

Y 2

.340 L^CE EOC,

fol. 122 a. .XLVIII.

Djienc yi]} pc able mm bulut • -j eoyojij^potan
nio]?opeapbe • ^ pubu pillan • "j jeacej* yupan • -j
fppeppan jej'ceapjra ]:>a)' pyp'co coSomne bo on pellet:
mnan Iset franban iieahtepne a^p ]ni hme bjiince.
\/ PyP*^ belnnje mm -p peabe jiybeii bo on rju;^ lia^t:

ponne franap f]n|?e hate leje on p rjnj innan -j he
yitce on frole opeji jnejie bejjinje p liio lime m?e;5e
rela jepeocan J^onne peallaS ]>a pc pypmap on J>a
bejwnje liini bi]j j'ona pel • bjnnce ]?one bjienc ve\\
Jvsepe bej^mje • jip he ]?onne J?a bejjmje jnijihteon ne
mpeje bpmce ]>one bpenc felce ba^je o]? p him pel fie.

.XLVIII I.

Vi|> pciilbop pa?jice "j eajima • j'yl betonican on ealo6
peie bpinean jelome -j pimle linipe hine rer pype mib
penj)ypte.

.L.
^ly cneop j'aji yie cnna beolenan ■-] heinlic bepe mib
-J lei^e on.

.LT.

Gip pe por pa]\ pie ellen leap • 'j jjejbjiseban -j
mncjpyjit jeenua 'j leje on 'j ^ebinb hat pa3]i on. :•

.LI I.

Qip ]>u ne msBje blob bolh po]ip]n]?au mm uipe
fol. 122 b. hoji]-e]- topb abpij on fimnan jej^nib to bufte fpi|;e
pel leje p bnfc I'pipe piece on linenne clap pjup mib
py p bolli.

.LllL
^"Tp meoluc fie apyjib biub toSomne pejbpa^ban • 'j
gipjupm • "j cepfan leje on pone pilbcumb ^j ne fete p
jisec nijep on eojipan feopon uihtum.

LEECH BOOK. IH. 341

xlviii,
A drink lor the "lig" disease; take bulut, and the
netherward part of everthroat, and wild cliervil, and
cuckoosoiir, and iefcrth; scrape these worts togetlier, put
them into a basin, let it stand for the space of a night,
ere thou drink it. Work a fomentation thus ; take the
red ryden, put it in a trough, then heat stones very hot,
lay them within the trough, and let tlcG man sit on
a stool over the fomentation, that it may reek him
well, then the " tig " worms will fall on the beathing,
and it will soon be well with him. Let him drink
the drink before the beathing; if then he cannot pull
through the beathing, let him drink the drink every
day till it be all right with him.

xlix.
Against pain of shoulders and arms ; Ijoil l:)etouy in
ale, give It the man to drink frequently, and always
smear him at the lire with wenwort.

1.
If a knee be sore, pound henbane and hemlock,
foment therewith and lay on.

li.

If the foot be sore, pound and lay on elder leaves,
and waybroad, and mugwort ; and bind hot upon the
foot

lii.
If thou be not able to stanch a bloodletting incision,
take a new horses tord, dry it in the sun, rub it to
dust thoroughly well, lay the dust very thick on a
linen cloth ; wrap up the wound with that.

liii.
If milk be spoilt ; bind together waybroad, and gitii-
rife, and cress, lay them on the milk pail, and set not
the vessel down on the earth for seven niiihts.

Book iir.

Cli. xlviii.

842 LiECE EOC.

.LIIII.
Pypc j'ealpe pi^ nihtjengan • pyl on butepan
elehcjian • hejepifan • bifceop pypt: • peabe majj^aii •
cpopleac • peak fmijie mib liim bi5 pona pel.

. LV.
Zip men I'lo heapob panne beo jehlenceb aleje ]7one
man tippeapb bpip .11. fcacan yet j^am eaxlum lege
|?onne bjieb Jppeopep opeji );a pet pleali ]7onne ]>pipa on
^ mib pleje bytle hio ^se]> on juht Sona.

.Lvr.
Gtp men nelle mylran hip mete nij^epeapb elate 'j
mepce -j fimbcopnep leap pyl on eala]? fele bpincan.

. LVII.
Vi]? ptp jemseblan jebepje on neaht neptij psEjbicej"
mopan ]?y bseje ne msej ]>e pe jemgebla pce]?J?an.

.LVIII.
J)i]> peonbep cofcunje pub molin' hatte pypt peaxe]?
be ypnenbum psetpe • jip ]?u J^a on J?e liapaft "j unbep
Jjmum heapob bolfcpe • -j opep Jjinep huj'ep bupum • ne
fol. 120 a. niceg J^e beopol pce]?]?an Inne ne ute.

. LVil[n].

Pi]> l^eojt penile jip he lie men on clieope o]>])e on
ojjjum lime pyjic clam op puppe pijenpe 5put oS5e
baje jebo aejef hpit to "j bjioc cepfan leje on f Km
o]f f ye clam hatije bo op ]?one lege o]?ejine |?8ep on.

Read molin.

l.EEUll J.OOK. III. OlS

liv. Book III.

. Ch. liv.

Work Ji salve against nocturnal goblin visitors ; boil
in butter lupins, hedgeriie, bishop wort, led may the,
cropleek, salt; smear the rami therev/ith, it will soon
be well with him.

Iv.

If a mans head-pan, or skull, be seemingly iron-
bound lay the man with face upward, drive two
stakes into the groimcl at the armpits, then lay a plank
across over his feet, then strike on it thrice with a
sledge beetle, the skull will come right soon.

Ivi.

If a mans meat will not digest, boil in ale the
nether ward part of clote, and marche, and leaves of
saxifrage, give Idm that to drink.

Ivii,

Against a womans chatter ; taste at night fasting
a root of radish, that day the chatter cannot harm
thee.

Iviii.

Against temptation of the fiend, a wort hight red
niolin, red stalk, it waxeth by running water : if thou
hast it on thee, and imder thy head bolster, and over
thy house doors, the devil may not scathe thee, within
nor without.

lix.

For a " dry " wen ; if it be on a man's knee, or on
another limb, work a paste of sour rye groats or dough,
add the Avliite of an egg and brook cresses, lay on the
limb till the paste gets hot, remove it then and lay
another on.

344? LJECE BOC.

.LX.

A^ypc johe eap]"eal}:e hiiiibey timje nij^cpeapb 'j i'ln-
2;)iene -j linjiulle • timhojre nio]?opea]ib • celej^onian lea]:*
japleac • qxopleac bo on pin ob«5e on eceb pjunj Jmjili
hsepenne dab on •]> eajie lust; I'ranban .ill. nilir; leji ]'ii
lime on bo. Bpr mm c-jiopleac "j I'inpullan jecnua '
h]'on pinep to -j j^jimj on f eajie him bi]> yona I'el :•

.LXI.

Pyjic pealpe ]n]> yelpc^'nne 'j nihtjenjaii -j J^am
manniim J7C beojjol mib ha^mS • 7;enim eopohnmelan •
pejnnob bij-ccoppyjit; • clelitjie • ;cpc}i)iote • beolone •
liajie j^yjit; • liajian lp]iecel • ha^]? bejijean jnyan • cjio])-
leac • jajileac • liejejiijran copn • syj'pife • pinul. bo
f'ap py]i'^a on an pet lete nnbeji peopob pmg opep
.Vim. niteppan apyl on burejum -j on pceapep Imejipe
bo lialijep j-ealrey pela on apeoli ]>uph clab • peopp j'a
pypta on ypnenbe pseteji. jip men hpilc ypel coptunj
peo]i]?e o}>]7e relp o]>]w mho jenjaii • rmijie hij' -jplitan
mib J'lj'pe pealpe -j on hip eajaii bo -j j'ceji him pe
lichoma pap lie • -j pecella lime "j fena gelome hij-
J^inj bi|? poua pelpe.

.LXIl.

V lb iclpablo mm bipeeop pyjit; • piiiul • elehtpe •
<e]p]7onaii nioj'opeajibe • "j 5eha];t,ober cpiirep maslel"
jia^^ii • -j Iroji bo a^lcjic hanb piille • bebinb ealle }?a
j'ypta on cla] e bebyp on pont; pit'tjie jehaljobuin

' bo is to be added.

LEPXH BOOK. III. 345

Work a good ear salve thini ; the netherward part
ol" hoiuid.s tong'uu, and siiigreeii, and sedum, the ne-
tlierward part of garden liove, leaves of celandine, garlic,
cropleek ; put tlumi into wine or vinegar, "wi'ing them
through a coloured cloth into the ear; let tJtc liquor
stand for three nights Ijelbre thou ap[)ly it. Again,
take cropleek and sedum, pound them, add a little
wine, and wring into the ear, it will soon be well
with it.

Ixi.

Work thus a salve against the elfin race and noc-
turnal gohliii visitors, and for the women with whom the
devil liath carnal conunerce ; take the ewe hop plant,
probably the female hop plant, wormwood, bishopwort,
lupin, ashthroat, henbane, liarewort, vipers bugloss,
heathberry plants, cropleek, garlic, grains of hedgerife,
githrife, fennel ; put these worts into a vessel, set
tkeini under the altar, sing over them nine masses,
boil tliG'in in butter and sheeps grease, add much holy
salt, strain through a clotli, throw the worts into run-
ning water. If any ill tempting occur to a man, or
an elf or goblin night visitors come, smear his forehead
with this salve, and put it on liis eyes, and where his
body is sore, and cense him with incense, and sign
him frequently with the sign of the cross ; his con-
dition Avill soon be better.

Ixii.

Against elf disease ; take bishoj)wort, fennel, lupin,
the lower part of enchanters nightshade, and moss or
lichen from the hallowed sign of Christ, and incense,
uf each a hand full ; bind all the worts in a cloth, dip
it thrice in hallowed font water, have sung over

Book III.

346 L/KCE BOO.

jjpijpii • liGt I'm^aii ofcji .III. iiuej'fan • ane oiiinibus
Sci]' • o]?pe contjia tjiibulacjonem • ]?ribban pjio in-
pijimiS • bo ];onrLe jleba an jlebpset -j leje ]>& pypta
on • jejiec ]?one man niib Jjam j^yjicum sep unbepn "j

V on niht 'j pmj letania -j cpeban -j patep noycep "j
ppit hnn cpifcejr msel on selcum lime -j mm lytle hanb
fulle ]%ep ilcan cynnep ]?ypta jelice jelialjobe *-) pyl on
meolce bpyp |7pipa jehaljobep pietpep on *j lupe sep
hif mete him loip pona pel. pi]? ]7on ilcan • janj on
jjunpep jepen J^onne funne on j-etle fie y^^]^ J?u pite
elenan franban pmj ]?onne benebicite • "j pacep noptep •

^ -j letanian • -j fcmj J>m j-eax on }?a pypte Iset fcician

J?a3p on janj ]?e apej ^anj ept to ]?onne bsej -j niht puji-

]7um pcabe on ];am ilcan uhte ^anj sepelt to ci]iicean

•j ]?e jej'ena 'j gobe ]7e bebeob jaiij ];onne Ipijenbe

ibl. 121 a. "j ]7eah ]?e hpset bpeja ejeflicef onjean cume o]>pe man

ne epe]? ]?u him semj pojib to teji ]>u cume to ];8epe

pypte ])e pu on sepen sep jemeapcobeft finj j^onne

/ benebicite • -j patep noptep • -j letania abelp ]>a, ]>y\\^

V last fcician f peax ]?sep on • janj ept fpa ]7U jiajjofc

msese to cipicean -j leje unbep peop ob mib J)am peaxe

Itet licjean o]> f fimne iippe fie • apsepc fi]?];an bo to

bpence • -j bipceop pypt -j cjiiftep meelef paju apyl

]?pipa on ineolcum jeot ];pi])a halij pgetep on linj on

patep noptep • -j cpeban • -j jlopia m excelpip beo • -j

fmj on hme letania • -j lime eac ymb ppic mib ipeojibe

V on .iiii. healpa on cpuce • -j bpmce Jjone bpenc fi]?|?an
him bij? pona pel. 6pt pi]? ]7on leje unbep peopob |?ap
pyjite hec jefmjan opep .villi. niEej'pan • pecelp •
hahj j-ealt .in. heapob cpopleacep ielpponan nioj7e-

LEECH BOOK. Til. 347

it three masses, one " Omnibus Sanctis," ' another ^*{^^^"^'

" Contra tribulationem," ^ a third "Pro inlirmis."^ Then

put glecles in a glede pan, and lay the worts on : reek

the man with the worts before nine'' in the morning,

and at night, and sing a litany, and the credo, and

the Pater noster, and write Christs mark on each of

his limbs, and take a little hand full of worts of the

same kind similarly hallowed, and boil in milk, drop

thrice some hallowed water into it, and let him sip of it

before his meat; it will soon be well with him. For

that ilk. Go on Thursday evening, when the sun is

set, where thou knowest that helenium stands, then

sing the " Benedicite," and " Pater noster," and a litany,

and stick thy knife into the wort, make it stick

fast, and go away : go again, when day and night just

divide f at the same period go first to church and

cross thyself, and commend thyself to God ; then go in

silence, and though anything soever of an awful sort or

man a meet thee, say not thou to him any word, ere

thou come to the wort, which on the evening before

thou markedst ; then sing the Benedicite, and the Pater

noster, and a litany, delve up the wort, let the knife

stick in it ; go again as quick as thou art able to

church, and lay it under the altar with the knife ; let

it lie till the sun be up, wash it afterwards, and

make into a drink, and bishopwort, and lichen off a

crucifix ; boil in milk thrice, thrice pour holy water

upon it, and sing over it the Paternoster, the Credo,

and the Gloria in excelsis deo f and sing upon it a

litany, and score with a sword round about it on three

sides a cross, and then after that let the man drink

the wort; soon will it be well with him. Again for

that ; lay these worts under the altar, have nine masses

sung over them, incense, holy salt, three heads ot

cropleek, the netherward part of enchanters nightshade,

' la the missal. [ ^ In early mominc

- The same as " I'ro quacunque j * Luke ii. 14.
ueccssitate " ? 1

;)48 L/ECE BOC.

peajibe • elenan • mm on mopjen fcenc fiulne meoliice
bjiyp ]?pipa halige]- j^yetejiel" on I'upe fpa he hatolb
mteje • ete mib .iii. Ihieba selpj^onan "j j^onne he pel-
tan pille htebbe jleba ];8B]v nine leje Iboji 'j telpj^onan

fol. 1 -24: b. on ]ni jleba • -j jiec hme mib f he fpiB'ce • -j f hup
jeonb pec -j ^eopne ];one man jej-ena • -j ];onne he
on pelre janje eCe .iii. luseba eolenan • *j .ill. cpop-
leacep • -j .iii. pealtep • "j haebbe hmi fcenc puhie
ealaS -j bpyj^e ])]iipa hahj pfetep on • bel'upe selce
Ihieb • jepefre hme pi]?]7an- bo jnp .villi, mojijenal'* -j
.Villi, niht hnn bi]> pona pel. Jip hnn bi)> lelplbjol'a
him beo]:» }?a eajan jeolj^e ]nep hi jieabe beon I'ceolbon.
V Jip |ni ]'0ue mon lacnian pille j^iienc hil" jebtepa -j
pite hpilcef habef he lie • jip hit bi]j ptopneb man
--j locaS tip ]7onne ];u lime nepefc j'ceapalb -j pe -jplita
"' bi); ^eolj^e blac • ]7one mon ])u. meaht jelacman ?eltseplice

jip lie ne bi]? j^sep on to lanje • jip hit bi]? ptp *j locaS
ni)7e]i ]7onne ])u hit jejieft pceapalb • "j hipe -jplita bi]?
peabe pan f ]m iniht eac jelacnian • jip hit biS bsej-
Jjejme leii^ on ]>onne , xii. mona]? -j I'lo onfyii bijj
pyplicu J'oniie mealit ])u hme betaii co lijnle • -j ne
meaht hpsej^ejie leltreplice jelacnian. P]nt Jnp jepjiit •
Scjiiptum eSc pex jiejum et bomiimp bommantjum •
byjinice • bepomce • luplupe • lehe • aiup • aiuj* • aiup •
Scj' • Sep . Sc)' • bommu]" beup Sabaoth • amen • alleluiah.
Siii;i; ]'ip opeji ])am bpence -j ]>am jepjute • 6eu]' om-

fol. l-2b a. mpoteiii" p)ate]i bommi noptjvi lesu cjnpti • peji Inpofi-
tjonem hmnf pcpiptiijia expelle a painulo tuo N-' Om-
nem Impecuin'- calbalibum ^'^ be eapitc • be capillif • be

' mmcn. i =• Castalides, hun t'ljen, Gl. iSomn.

-■ impiTuii, MS. I p. 79 b. Elves of the duwna.

LEECH BOOK. ITT. 349

lielenium ; take in the mornino- a cun full of milk, Book III.

r"v 1 - ■ ■
drop thrice some holy water into it, let tJie Ttiaoi sup

it up as hot as he can : let him eat therewith throe

bits of enchanters nightshade, and when he hath a

mind to rest, let him have in his chamber gledes, let

him lay on the gledes crrupa^ and elfthone, and reek

him therewith till he sweat, and reek the house all

through ; eai'nestly also sign the man with the sign of

tlie cross, and when he is going to bed, let him eat

tln-ee bits of helenium, and three of cropleek, and three

of salt, and let him have a cup full of ale, and thrice

drop holy water into it; let him sup up each bit, and

afterwards rest himself. Let him do this for nine

mornings and nine nights, it will soon be well with

him. If a man hath elf hicket, his eyes are yellow,

where they should be red. If thou have a will to

cure the man, observe his gestures, and consider of what

sex he be ; if it be a man and looketh up, when thou

first seest him, and the countenance be yellowish black,

thou mayst cure the man thoroughly if he is not too

long in the disease ; if it is a woman and looketh

down, when thou first seest her, and her countenance

is livid red, thou mayst also cure that ; if it has been

upon the man longer than a twelvemonth and a day,

and the aspect be such as this, then mayst thou amend

it for a while, and notwithstanding mayst not entirely

ciu-e it. Write this writing, "Scriptum est, rex regum

" et dominus dominantium Veronica,' Veronica, , . . iao,-

" uyto;, ocyioc, uyiog, sanctus, sanctus, sanctus, domi-

" nus, dens sabaoth, amen, alleluicih." Sing this over

tlie drink and the writing, "Deus omnipotens, pater

" domini nostri lesu Christi, per impositionem huius

" scripturse expelle a famulo tuo, here insert the name,

" omnem impetum castalidum de capite, de capillis, de

' The miraculous portrait on the i - nirT"
kerchief of St. Verouica.

-550 L^CE Eor.

cepebjio • be j: ponte • be Imjua • be publmjua • be juctojie •
be jraucibuf • be bentibup • be oculif • be najtibus . be
aujiibus • be manibus • be coUo • be bjiaclinf • be copbe •
be amma • be jenibiis • be coxif • be pebibiis • be com-
pa^mibus- omnmm raembjiojium mcuf ec }:opif • amen.
Pyjie Jjonne bjienc jront pseteji • jiuban • Saluian • cafpue •
v bjiaconzan • J^a fme|7an pejbpfieban nif'epeapbe pejrep
fupan* biley cjiop- japleacef .ill. clujze- pmul- pepmob-
lupefeice • elehtpe • ealpa empela • j^pit , iii. cpiicem inib
oleum mpipmojium "j cpeS • pas Cibi • Nim ponne ]>
jeppit ppit cpucem mib opeji J?am bpmce ^ fmj ]ny ptep
opep. beup omnipotenf pateji bommi • noptjii • lesu
cpipti peji Inpofitjonem liump fcpiptupjB^ et pep jufcum
huiuS expelle biabolum a pamulo cuo • ]S • - 'j epebo •
•j patep • noptep • pset f ^eppit on ]?am bpenee -j ppic
cpucem mib him on selcuni lime -j cpeS fijnum cpueiS
xpi eonpepuate In uitam euepnam • amen, jip ])e ne
V lyfce hat hme pelpne o]>pe fpa jepubne fpa he gefibbofc
hsebbe -j fenije fpa he pelofc cunne • J?ep cpsefc msej
pi]> selcpe peonbef cofcunje.

.Lxni.

^ip mon bi]? on pastep selpable ]7onne beo]? him ]?a
lianb ncejlaf ])onne -j ];a eajan ceapije 'j pile locian
fol. 12 J b. nij^ep • bo him ]?ip co Isecebome • eopojij^poce • capfuc •
pone nio]>opeapb • eopbepje • elehtpe • eolone • mepfc-
mealpan cpop • pen niinte • bile • lilie • atcopla]?e •
V polleie . mapubie • bocce • ellen • pel teppe • pepmob •
i'rpeapbeji^ean leap • conpolbe • opjeoC mib ealaj> • bo
halij psetep to finj |>ip jealboji opep ]?pipa • Jo bmne
a])pat° beteft beabo ppteba fpa benne ne bupnon ne

-pa, MS. I ^ Fi'om I'jn^au rather than ppiran.

■ nomen.

LEECH BOOK. III. Sol

" cerebro, defronte, de lingua, de sublingua, de gutture, de Book III.
" faucibus, de dentibus, de oculis, de naribus, de auribus, '^'"-

' ' de manibus, de collo, de bracliiis, de corde, de anima,
• de genibus, de coxis, de pedibus, de compaginibus
" omnium membromm intus et foris. Amen." Then
work up a drink thus ; font Avater, rue, sage, cassuck,
dragons, the netherward part of the smooth waybroad,
feverfue, a head of dill, tliree cloves of garlic, fennel,
wormwood, lovage, lupin, of all equal quantities ; write
a cross three times with the oil of unction, and say,
"Pax tibi." Then take the writing, describe a cross
with it over the drink, and sing this over it, •' Dominus
" omnipotens, pater domini nostri lesu Christi, per im-
" positionem huius scripturse et per gustum huius expelle
" diabolum a famulo tuo;" here insert the name, and the
Credo, and Paternoster. Wet the wi'iting in the drink,
and AVi'ite a cross with it on every limb, and say,
" Signum crucis Christi conservet te in vitam feter-
'• nam. Amen." If it listeth thee not to take this
trouble, bid the man himself, or whomsoever he rany
have nearest sib to him, to do it, and let him cross
him as well as he can. This craft is powerful against
every temptation of the fiend.

Ixiii.

If a man is in the water elf disease, then are
the nails of his hand livid, and the eyes tearful, and
he will look downwards. Give him this for a leech -
dom ; everthroat, cassuck, the netherward part of fane,
a yew berry, lupin, helenium, a head of marsh mallow,
fen mint, dill, lily, attorlothe, pulegium, marrubium,
dock, elder, fel terrse, or lesser centaury, wormwood,
strawberry leaves, consolida ; pour them over with ale,
add holy water, sing this charm over them thrice : —

I have wi^eathed round the wonnds
the best of healing wreaths,

.352 LMCE Bor.

bujifcon ne }:iinhian ne ]:eolo5an • ne lioppetan ne
jmiib pfico fi.au • ne bolli biopian • ac lum yelp liealbe
hale pa^je • ne ace ]'e ]>on nia ];e eo]i])an on eape ace •
Smj ]>iY mancj^um yijuim • eo]ij?e ])e on bejie eallura
liijie mihcum -j nirejenum • J'aj' i;albop mon mrej fmjan
on pnnbe.

.LXIIII.

yi]) beofle h]>e bpenc "j unjemynbe bo on ealu
caj-puc • elehcpan mojian • jnnnl ontpe • betonice • liinb
lieolo]?e • mejice pnbe • pepmob. nepce • elene* pelp]jone •
V pnlpep comb • jefmj . xii. mgeppan opep ]>am bpence -j

bjiince Inm l)i]^ pona pel. 5penc pip beoplep cofcunja •
}?epan jjojm cpopleac • elecjie • ontpe • bifceop pypt •
pmul • caj'puc • beromce • jehalja ]>ap py]ita bo on ealu
ful. 120 a, balij pietep • -j fie pe bpenc }>?ep mne J>?pp pe feoca man
inne fie • "j fiinle a^p ]on ];e he bpmce fmj )>pipa
opeji |;am bpence • beup In nomine tuo pakium
me pac.

.LXY.

^•ip man fie jejymeb ^j ]m lime jelacnian pcyle •
jefeoli p be fie topeapb jjonue j)u mjanje J^onne msej
be libban • gip be |;e fie pjiampeajib ne jjiet ]m bine
abte • jip be bbban miei^e pyl on bntejuin betonican ■

LEECTT BOOK. III.

S53

that tlie ])aueful sores may

neitlier burn nor burst,

nor find their way further,

nor turn foul and ftillow,

nor thump and throb on,

nor be wicked wounds,

nor dig deeply down ;

but he himself may liold

in a way to health.

Let it ache thee no more,

than ear in earth ^ acheth.
Sing also this many times, ^ " May earth bear on
" thee with all her might and main." These cliarms
a man may sing over a wound.

Ixiv.

A lithe drink against a devil and dementedness.
Put into ale cassuck, roots of lupin, fennel, ontre,
betony, hindheal, marche, rue, wormwood, nepeta, hele-
nium, elfthone, wolfs comb ; sing twelve masses over
the drink, and let the man drink, it will soon be weU
with him. A drink against temptations of the devil ;
tuftythorn, cropleek, lupin, ontre, bishopwort, fennel,
cassuck, betony ; hallow these worts,^ put into some ale
some holy water, and let the drink be in the same
chamber as the sick man, and constantly before he
drinketh sing thrice over the drink, " Deus ! In
" nomine tuo salvum me fac."

Book Iir.
Ch. Ixiii.

Ixv.

If a man be overlooked, and thou must cure him,
see that his face be turned to thee when thou goest
in, then he may live ; if his face be turned from thee,
have thou nothing to do with him. If he may live,

1 In the grave.

* This seems intended to quell the

elf.

By a fonnula of henediction.

VOL. II.

354 L^CE BOC.

jyjjpipan • ^eajipan • polleian • bolbjiunan • apjimj ]?u]ih,
claj? Iset fcanban • jehset fcenc yxAne cu peapmpe meolce
bo )?fe]ie ]-ealpe .V. fnseba ]7sep on fupe on neaht nepti5
*j ete pepfc plaepc ]?8ep J^seji hit psetofc fie • -j picje on
nilit ])a yealf e -j f bolh pec mib ealban fpice o]>J»e mib p
pepfcpe butepan J^onne hit fie clsene -j pel peab • lacna
mib ]>& ilcan pealpa • "j ne Iset coSomne ^ip hio fie
clgene • Iset pi]?j7an toSomne. jtp hic nelle pop )?ifum
Isecebome batian • pyl on meolcum J^a peaban jeappan
^ pmul • hnpypt • ealpa jehce Iset apeallan ,v. )'ij)nm
appin5 ]7uph claS jebpip pel fpi)?ne bpip ]>sd]i on mib
hpsete melpe -j jepeeap ^obep peaxep ane fnsebe psep
on -j hpep tofomne laet jecolian • jenim hapan pulle
lytle fnsebe . ill. bepmb mib ]>y bpipe uCan f he mseje
fol. 126 b. popfpeljan -j befupe mib cu peapmum.^

. LXVT.

Dpenc pp J'eop pie on men mm |;ap pypte nio])e-
peapbe • pmol bifceop pypt sepcj'potan ealpa empela
l^ipj-a cpeja maej't • upepeapbe puban • -j betomcan 6p-
jeor mib hluttpum eala}> -j jefmje . III. msej'pan opep
•j bpmce ymb . ii. mht ]?a3p j^e he opjoten fie sep
hif inete "j ?eptep.

. LXVII.

ViJ) beopol feoce bo on halij paetep 'j on eala bifceop
pypte hmbhiolo]?an • ajpimonian • alexanbpian • ^y]?-
jiipan pele him bpmcan. 6pc caj-puc • j^epan j^ojin • fran
cpop • elehtpe • pmul • eopop]?pote cpopleac opjeot
jelice. 6p- fpipe bpeiic piS beople • mm micle hanb

' Supply aieolcum.

LEECH BOOK. III. 355

boil in butter betony, gitlirife, yarrow, pulegiimi, pel- Book III.

litory ; wring through a cloth, let it stand, heat a

cup full in milk warm from the cow, put five pieces

of the salve into it ; let the man sup up that at

night fasting, and let him eat fresh flesh in the part

where it is fattest : and at night take the salve and

comfort the wound with old lard or with fresh butter ;

when it is clean, and a good red, leech with the same

salve, and let it not unite, if it be clean ; make it unite

afterwards. If it will not for this leechdom get better,

boil in milk the red yarrow, and fennel, and flaxwort,

of all equal quantities, let them boil five times, wring

through a cloth. Brew up a pretty strong brewit

upon this, with wheat meal, shave a piece of good

wax into it, and shake up together ; let it cool, take

three little bits of hares wool, wind them on the

outside about with the brewit, that he may swallow

them, and let him sup it up with milk warm from

the cow.

Ixvi,

A drink, if the '' dry " disease be on a man ; take
the netherward part of these worts, fennel, bishopwort,
ashthroat, of all equal quantities ; of these two folloiu-
ing more than of the others, the upward part of rue,
and betony ; pour them over with clear ale, and sing
three masses over them, and let the man drink about
two days from the time when it was poured over,
before his meat and after.

Ixvii.

For one devil sick ; put into holy water and into
ale, bishopwort, hind heal, agrimony, alexanders, gitli-
rife ; give to the man to drink. Again, cassuck, tufty
thorn, stonecrop, lupin, fennel, everthroat, cropleek ;
pour over them similarly. Again, a spew drink against
the devil ; take a mickle hand full of sedge, and gladden,

z 2

35 G LMCE BOC.

pulle fecje]' • -j jlcTebenan bo on pannan • jeoc inicelne
bollan }:iilne ealap on bepyl heal}: jejuib . XX. lyb-
cojina bo on ■]> ]>i]' i)- i;ob bjienc pi]:* beo]:le.

[lxviil]

Leoht: b]\enc pij> peben lieojite elehtjie • bij'ceop pyjic
ibIj: J?one • elene • cjiopleac • Innb hioloj^e • ontpe • elate •
Nim ]>a,y pyjita Jjonne bsej "j nihc fcabe • fmj fejiefc
on cijucean letania • ^ cpeban • -j pateji noj-tep • ^anj
mib ]>j fanje co ]?am pyptum ymbja hie ])]\iya, sep ]m
Ine nnne • 'j 3a ept to cipicean jefnij . xii. inpej-j-au
opep ])am pyptum ]7onne jm hie opjoten hfeblDe.

. LXVIIII,

T^y. men fie maja afupob "j po]i];unben • jenim holen
leapa micle tpa hanb pulla jepceajipa fpipe fmale pyl on
meolcum o]> ■f hie fyn pel meajmpe pupla fnteb mgelum
ete ]?onne .VI. fnseba • on mop^en . iii. -j on sepen .111.
-j reptep hip mete • bo ]nip .VIITI. niht lenj jip him
];eapp fie. :•

Tip mon bi}> aj'unben ete puban -j bjiince he bi);
hal. :•

Pi]; majan psepce jmban fseb 'j epic feolpoji -j eceb
bepjen on neahc neptij. Gpt jnib on eceb -j on psetep
polleian j-ele b]iincan fona ^ paji cojlit.

.LXX.

v^ Vi]> pambe prepce opjeot polleian -j bjiince -j jnime

bmbe to ]?am napolan • 'j pite jeo^iie f fio pyjit apej
ne ajlibe ponn bi|> pel.

LEECH BOOK. III. 357

put them into a pan, pour a niicklc }jowl lull ol" ale J^ook III.
upon them ; boil half, rub fine twenty libcorns, put
them into it ; this is a good drink against the devil.

Ixviii.

A light drink tor the wood heart ; lupin, bishop-
wort, enchanters nightshade, helenium, cropleek, hind-
heal, ontre, elote. Take these worts when day and
night divide ; sing first in church a litany, and a
Credo, and a Pater noster, with the song go to the
worts, go thrice around them, before thou touch them ;
and go again to church, sing twelve masses over the
worts when thou hast poured — ^ over them.

Ixix.

1. If a mans stomach be soured and swollen ; take
holly leaves, two mickle Iiands full, scrape them very
small, boil them in milk till they be pretty tender, pick
them out by a bit at a time ; then let the man eat six
bits, in a morning three, and in evening three, and after
his meat. Thus do for nine days, longer if need be.

2. If a man be swollen, let him cat rue and drink
it ; he will be well.

3. For pain of maw ; let the man taste at night
fasting, seed of rue, and quicksilver, and vinegar.
Agaui, rub pulegium into vinegar and into water, give
the man to drink, soon the soreness glideth away.

Ixx.

1. For wamb wark ; drench in pulegium, and

let him drink it and bind some to his navel, and let
him earnestly beware that the wort do not glide
away. Soon he will be well.

' Not mentioned ; to be supplied 1 * The liquid is not mentioned,
from above.

358 L/ECE BOC.

Pi]7 majaii psepce piibu ];iirley )?one jpenan ^ meaph
Ipe bi|) on ]>am. henybe jfele him etan mib hatan ele.

Vi]> pambe heapbnepj'e jeclsenfa jijjcojin jnib on
cealb ysQte]! pele hnn bpmcan.

. LXXI.

Pi]; fpjimje jnib paluian ]n]> liiinij linijie mib Sona
h\]y pel. 6pt pyjvc pealpe mm hanb pulle fppmj
pypte • "j hanb pulle pejbjiseban • 'j hanb pulle majj^an •
fol. 127 b. "J hanb pulle ni'Sepeapibe boccan ]?a3pe ]?e fpimman
piUe on butpan alilyttpe f pealt; op *j ]3 pam bo hpon
hunije]^ to enjlij-cej- • bo opep pyji apyl • ]?onne hiu
pealle- finj . ill. pareji nopcep opeji bo ept op fmj
]?onne .villi. fi]7um patep noj^tep on -j ]?]npa apyl -j
fpa jelome op abo -j lacna mib pi|7];an.

. LXXIT.

Vi]? J^sepe jeolpan able opjeot ];ap pypte mib fpij^e
beope • pibban hanb pulle • cptc pmba hanb pulle . vim.
fnseba mj^epeapbpe iBpcj^potan • -j . Villi. ni|?epeapbpe
eolenan.

6pc bile • celenbjie • Salman msept pyl on fpi)>um
beope f hit fie ]7icce • -j jpene • mm nijjepeapbe eolenan
jefm]? on hunij ete fpa manije fnseba fpa he mseje
^ebpmce ]?iep bpencep pcenc pulne septep -j eal f jiddc
ete pceapen plsepc 'j nan oj'ep.

. LXXIII.

^ip men fie mnelpe ute jecnua jalluc appinj )7uph
claS on cu peapme meolce • pset ]?ine hanba )7aep on 'j
jebo f mnelpe on l;one man jefeope mib feolce pyl him
|7onne jalluc .villi, mopjnaf butan him lenj |7eapp
lie peb hme mib pepfce hpenne plsej'c * * *

The MS. has a stop after sjaenan.

LEECH BOOK, HI. 359

2. For maw pain; give tho 'man to eat the green BooklH.
marrow which is in the head of a wood thistle, with ' ^^*

hot oil.

S. For hardness of wamb ; cleanse githcorns, rub
them Jine into cold water, give to the man to drink.

Ixxi.

Against carbuncle ; rub sage with honey, smear there-
with, soon he will be well. Agam, work a salve, take
a hand full of spring wort, and a hand full of way
broad and a hand full of maythe, and a hand full of
the netherward part of dock, that namely which will
swim ; boil in butter, clear off the salt and the foam,
add a little English honey, put over a fire, boil it;
when it boileth sing three Pater nosters over it, remove
it again, then sing nine Pater nosters, and boil it thrice,
and so frequently ; remove it, and after that cure
with it.

Ixxii.

1, For the yellow disease ; souse these worts in strong
beer, of ribwort a hand full, of quickbeam rind a hand
full, nine bits of the netherward part of ashthroat, and
nine of the lower part of helenium.

2. Again, boil dill, coriander, most of sage, in strong
beer, that it may be thick and green ; take the nether-
ward part of helenium, cut it up into honey, let the
patient eat as many bits as he can ; let him drink after
it a cup full of the drink, as above ; and all the time
let him eat sheep flesh and none other.

Ixxiii,
If a mans bowel be out, pound galluc, wring through
a cloth into milk warm from the cow, wet thy hands
therein, and put hack the bowel into the man, sew up
with silk, then boil him for nine mornings galluc, that is,
comfrey, except need be for a longer time, feed him with
fresh hens flesh.

360 LEECH BOOK. Ill,

Perhaps one folio is mlsslnrj.

There is some writing along the margin of the last
page, the few readable syllables of which are unin-
telligible.

bila b]ia bmb ]:> yob J;i A Byji

m i]i bjien.

GLOSSARY,

GLOSSAEY.

The following glossary relies almost entirely npoii
original authorities ; upon a collation of the manu-
script ancient extant glossaries with their printed
editions, which have been falsified by ignorant con-
jectures ; and upon a careful examination of many
Saxon volumes never yet published. No reliance has
been placed on modern productions, in the way of
dictionaries ; they will be found full of errors.^ Every
article either supplies a deficiency or corrects an error ;
but our limits will not admit of the insertion of every
correction prepared for the press. Corrections wei/e, of
course, to be accompanied by their proofs, and this adds
to the length of the various articles. Some refer to
genders or declensions or terminations, for an exact
knowledge of our Oldest English is impossible, as long
as students are deceived on these elementary points.
The most important printed texts of Saxon works have
been collated from beginning to end, letter by letter,
with the original manuscripts. The modern editions in
particular are, sometimes, very faulty.

In the names of plants the reader will observe that
a name, liowever wrong, is within its own bounds, still

' See Shrine (Williams and Norgate).

364 GLOSSARY.

a name. Mistakes often thrive, and even ovei'power a
true old tradition. Many decided spirits would have
all error thrown over, but to do so, would render our
collection less complete.

The order of the letters is so arranged that K goes
with C, Y with I, and Jwrn is last of all.

AC-

TABLE OF CONTRACTIONS.

PRINTED BOOKS.

"" M.G.

A.R.

A.W.
° Bw.

• C»d.

CD.

° C.E.

° Ch.
^ DD.

Dief.
D.R.

G.

" G«.
<= Hb.

^Ifrics Grammar, ed. Somner,
quoted by pages and lines.

Adrian and Ritlieus, ed. Kem-
ble, by pages.

^.Ifreds Will, reprint 1828, by
pages.

Beowulf, ed. Grandtvig, col-
lated -with MS., by lines.

Caidmou, if Csedmon, by the
pages and lines of the ori-
ginal MS.

Codex Diplomaticus, by num-
bers.

Codex Exoniensis, by pages,
ed. Thorpe.

Channs, Leechdoms, Vol. I.

(Dooms) Laws and Institutes,
ed. 1840, by pages.

Glossarium Diefenbaehii.

Durham Ritual, by pages.

Fight at Finnesburg, ed.
Thorpe.

Goodwins Andrew and Vero-
nix.

Goodwins Gu'Slac.

Herbarium, Leechdoms, Vol.1.,
by articles.

Horn. ..iElfrics Homilies, ed. Thorpe.
^ Lb. Leechbook, Leechdoms, Vol.
n., by chapters.
M. Mones Glossaries in Quellcn
und Forschungen, von F. J.
Mone, 1830.
M.Sp. Mannings Supplement to Lye,
paged for the purpose,
from Testamentum Elfhelmi,
page 1.
N. Narratiunculse, 1861. (Russell
Smith.)
" O.cl. O clerice, in preface to Leech-
doms, Vol. L p. Iviii.
" O.T. Orosius, ed. Thorpe, by pages

and lines.
°Quad. Medicina de Quadrupedibus,

Leechdoms, Vol. L
' Runl. The Runlio'S, or Runelay,
quoted by articles.
SH. Shrine, where some Saxon

pieces are printed.
S.S. Solomon and Saturn, ed. Kem-
ble.

SSpp. Spoon and Sparrow, for ety-
mology.

360

TABLE OF CONTRACTIONS.

IN MANUSCRIPT.
Qenerally cited by folios.

xii.Ab. De xii. Abusivis. MS. C.C.C.
BL. Blooms, or Elores Soliloquio-

rum.
D.G. Dialogues of Gregorius, MS.
C.C.C.
' Ai5a|. The treatise irepl SiSd^ecov, in
Leeehdoms, Vol. III.
F.D. De Falsis Dis. MS. C.C.C.
» F.L. Fourth Leeehdoms, for pub-
lication in Leeehdoms, Vol.
IIL
G.D. Dialogues of Gregorius, MS-
Cotton.

HID, Liber de Hida.

Lacn. Lacnunga, in Vol. IIL of

Leeehdoms, by articles.
M.H. Minster Homilies of JElfvic,
except Sigewulfi respou-
siones, de xii. Abusivis, and
de Falsis Dis.
P.A. The Liber Pastoralis of King

Alfred, MS. Hatt.
E.M. Rule of Mynchens.
Sc. Liber Scintillamm.
SMD, Somnionim Diversitas.

GLOSSARIES.

Gl. Brax. A Brussels Glossary, printed
by Mone, p. 314, by Thorpe,
unpublished, p. 30, by
"Wright, p. 62.

Gl. C. An early Glossary in MS.
0!. Dun. An old Glossary in the library
of the cathedral at Durham.
The compiler had used the
Saxon Herbarium, as in
Lactuca leporina.

Gl. E. Glossaries pi'inted by Eckhart,
in Commentarii de rebus
FrancijE Orientali.3, Wirce-
burgi, fol., 1729, 2 vols.
Gl.Hoffm. Althochdeutsche Glossen, von
A. H. Hoffmann, 1826.

Gl. M. A manuscript on vellum, the
property of Rev. W. D.
Macray.

Gl. M.M. Glossarj- of Moyen Moutier,
printed, but unpublished.
Mone. Glossaries printed by Mone, in
Quellen und Forschungen,
Aachen und Leipsig, 8vo.,
1830. The herb glossary
fetches from. Hb. Used MS.
B.
N. Bakers Northamptonshire Gl.
Gl. Prud. Glossary on Prudentius, printed
but unpublished.
Gl. R. Junius transcript of the Rubens
MS. Glossary, MS.
Gl. Somn. The Glossaries printed by
Somner, in Dictionarium
Saxonico - Latino- Anglicum.
Oxonii, fol., 1059, printed
■with errors from Gl. R.
Other manuscript Glossaries numbering
about fifteen.

GLOSSAHY.

A.

A, as prefix, is a shorter form of— 1. And,
as in abidan, for andbidan.

2. On, as in among, for onmang, and
aweg, for onweg, both of which are oc-
casionally parallel MS. readings. See
MH. 115 a, with var. lect.

3. Un, as in atynan, open, for untynan.

4. Of, as in acalan for ofcalan. Horn.
n. 248.

5. Embe, as in ymbutan, abutan, and
by apokope buton.

6. Ge, as in alefed, for gelefed,
Acumba, -an, masc? oakum, stupa. Cf.

" Coarse fibres among wool are kemps,"
Gl. N. Putamina, acuman, secumba, Gl.
Mone, p. 398 a, p. 407 a, as consisting
of coarse fibres. Nct^Sa is an approxi-
mation only, explained in SH. p. 10.
Similarly "Napta, genus fomenti, i.e.
" tyndir," Gl. M.M. p. 159 b. Acumba
in ashes seems administered as a sub-
stitute for "Z-nooiov. Lib. I. i. 1 5 ; xxxiii.
i ; xlvii. 3.

M, as a prefix, is commonly a shorter form
of^f, which answers to the Latin Ob,
in the sense of annoyance, as in Officere
and the like. Thus ^bylgan, ^cyrf
Bed. 552, 1. 13 ; JEmod.

iEc, Ac, gen. -e, fem., oak, quercus rohur.
Sume ac astah, Hom. II. 150, got vp
into an oak. Of t'sere aec, CD. 570,
p. 78. J^eo)- ac, M.G. 7, 48. Gen. Ace,

JEc—cont.

Lb. I. xxxviii. 11. "Vowels dropped,
CD. 588, 624, etc. Gen. pi. Acana,
CD. 126.

2. As a letter of the alphabet the same
word is masc, gen. -es. Acaj- cpegen
hasselap ]-pa pome, C.E. 429, two As
and two Hs along with them.

JEcelma, gen. an, masc? a chilblain, miila.
Gl. Mone, p. 359 b. " Mula est quaedam
" infirmitas in homine quae uocatur
" gybehos," Gl. Harl. 3388, that is, kihe
of heel. In Italian, " mule, kibes, chil-
" blanes " (Florio). In Trench, " mule,
" a kibe " (Cotgrave). Palagra, secilma,
Gl. Cleop., where understand podagra
ani. footsore. The word is compounded
of M for My, signifying annoyance,
eel, chill, and the participial man.
SSpp., art. 943.

iEdre, vein, vena, gen. both -e, and -an,
fem., Lb. L i. 13; II. xviii.; II. xxxii.,
etc. Hb. iv. 4. On o>rum monJ>e J>a
aidron beo'S geworden, N. p. 49, in the
second month the veins are formed. S.S.
148, 192.

2. pi. kidneys, renes. ll.M. 69, a.
Hb. ixxxvi. 3; cxix. 3. Paris Ps.
cxxxviii. 11.

3. In the sense of water spring found
neut. Jjset wseterfeddre, perhaps by at-
traction. Hom. n. 144. Ealle eor^an
ffiddre onsprungon ongean J>am heofon-

. lican flode. MS. CC.C 419, p. 42.
iEfer'Se, gen. -an, fem.? an herb unknown.
Lb. I. xxxiii. 2, etc

3G8

GLOSSARY.

vEgwyrt, gen. -e, fern., eggwort, dande-
lion, leontodon taraxacum ; like Germ.
Eyerblume, from the round form of the
pappus. Lacn. 40.

^Ifsibenne, from cclf, eJf, and sido, masc,
manners, asBoet. p. 45,1. 21, p. 131, 1. 10,
often taken in a good sense as morals.
Lb. I. Ixiv. The termination -en, like
-ivos, -inus, does not always relate to
metals and materials, but as in fyrlen,
distant, myrteu,mortuari/,is more general.
We may therefore take this word as the
accusative of an adjective. It is, how-
ever, possible that it may be a substan-
tive. Lacn. 11.

^IfsogcSa. See Sogo^a. Lb. III. Ixii.

iElfSone, gen. -an ; fem. ? probably cir-
c(ea httetiana, enchanters nigJdshade,
which in old Dutch is Alfrancke. Lb.
I. xxxii. 4; II. liii.

./Epenms, masc, gen. -e)% a medlar, fruit of
viespdus germanica. Lb. II. ii. 2. See
the passage and the glossarial openaep)-,
mespilum.

^ppel, gen. -pies, masc. in sing, pi, -pla,
apple, malum. Numb. xi. 5. P. A. 19 b.
Also a soft fruit, as fruit of the bramble.
Lb. I. Ixiv. ; III. xli. Fingersepla, dates,
M.H. 131 b. A translation of AaicrvXot.
t'oji'Sseppel, Numb. xi. 3, a cucumber.
Fic »ppel, a fig (Lye), pi. pcffippla,
Matth. vii. 16 ; Luke vi, 44. PalmjEpla,
Gl. Cleop. fol. 66 d. Gl. Mone, p. 409 b.
Lb. II. i. ; n. xxxvi. SSpp. .543.

2. A dumpling. Hb. cxxxiv. 2.

3. The ball of the eye, with pi. masc.
On ^sej- ppenlsean eajum beo'S "Sa
jepplaj- hale. Ac ^a bpsepa)' j^peacigea'S,
P. A. 15, a. hi the eyes of the bleareyed
the balls are healthy, but the lids .swollen.
Se o'Scp SDppel j)ae)- SeeraciSoh, M.H.
98 b, the ball of one eye u-as emptied
of its crystalline, aqueous, and vitreous
humours. Applied less exactly as a
translation of pup ilia, Boet. p. 132, 1. 25.

^pse, gen. -an, fem.? the aspen, populus
tremula. Lb. I. xxxvi. SH. 25. The
last syllable in the modern name repre-
sents the case endings. JE\>r. occurs in

^pse — cont.
the glossaries, and Lb. III. xxxix ; it is
regarded by JElfric in Gr. as Abies.

JEsc, gen. -es, masc. C.D. 461, the ash,
fraxi?ius excelsior. Se cojihta sesc. C.E.
429.

Ceaster a;sc, Helleborvs niger, black
hellebore, which has leaves like those of
the ash. " Eliforus (read Helleborus),
" j)ebe bejige (jnad berry') vel ceafcc]i
" fe)-c." Gl. Cleop. fol. 36 b. Lacn. 39.

JEsce, gen. -an, fem., ash, cinis. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 4. Quad. iii. 4. Axe \>\x ea]ic
T on axan leoya. Cinis es et in cinere
uiue. Sell, a. iE.G. 11,47. C.E. 213,
line 27. Cf. Aska, fem., old Dansk.

.^scl'jiotu, gen. -an, fem. 1. Verbena
officinalis, Hb. iv., with the drawing.
Verbenaca, in MS. Bodley 130, is drawn
and glossed Verbena, vervain. Also
Veruyn in ]\IS. T. Verbenaca in
Dodoens is Vervain. " Verveyne,
" Veruena vocatur grece ierobotanum
" vel peristerion et dicitur verbena
" quia virtutibus plena," MS. Douce,
290. MS. G. has a gl. " Taubencropf,"
which, as I learn from Adeluug, is
Verbena. " Hiera quam Latini Ber-
" benam uocant ideo a grecis hoc
" nomen accepit quod sacerdotes earn
" purificationibus adhibere consueve-
" runt." MS. Harl. 5264, fol. 56, b.
'' Verbena, sescwert," Gl. Mone, p. 442 a.
" Berbenaces, eascvyrt," Gl. Dun. Lb.
IIL 72.

2. Annuosa, which is found in a few
glossaries, is a mere blunder for anchusa,
translated in Hb. ci. 3, by ashthroat.

3. Goutweed, eegopodium podagraria.
Ashweed is this in Mylnes Indigenous
Botany. This plant I take to be meant
by the Ferula of Gl. M.M., Gl. Dun.,
Somner Lex., Gl. Brux. The Ferula
communis, or fennel giant, is not a
native of England, and under t.U cir-
cumstances, would cither not have an
English name or one extended to plants
of a similar aspect, even if smaller.
This segopodium is often called Angelica,

GLOSSARY.

3G9

JEscl'iiorii — cont.

even down to Kay, and the angelicas
are also large and hollow. Throat seems
to imply hollowness, and Ash either size
or similar leaves.

The fennel giant is, however, men-
tioned in the life of St. Godric as
affording walking staves for pilgrims,
(A.D. lir)9), p. 163.

-Ssmaelum, dat. pi., a disease of the eye,
contraction of the pupil, oculorum immi-
nutio. " Evenit etiam ut oculi, vel ambo
" vel singuli, minores fiant quam esse
" naturaliter debeant." Celsus, VI. vi.
14. " Pupillaj malum est, quum an-
" gustior ac obscurior rugosiorque effi-
" citur," Actuarius, 184, c. Lb. I. 2,
and contents. A comp. of M, for iEf,
implying mischief, and Smsel.

JEJ^elj-eji^rngjiypt, fern., gen. -e, stichwort,
stellaria holostea, with s. graminea.
iEt'elj-ep'^Smcjiypt in Hb. Ixiii. 7, trans-
lates " agrimoniam," and Ixxviii. 1,
" argeraonitis." See Plinius, xxvi. 59.
" Agrimonia alpha, eathelferthing vyrt
" vel glofvyrt," Gl. Dun. " Alfa, ffi'Sel-
" jepbmgjiypc," Gl. Somn., p. 64 b, 7.
Some supposed agrimonia to be stich-
wort, though as the translator of the Her-
barium had called it japchfe, a very
appropriate name, we should not have
expected this uncertainty from him.
" Agrimonia, jticpypc," Gl. Somn. p.
64 a, 65. In Lacn. 29, sel'dyep'Sms-
pypc is glossed " auis lingua." " Lingua
" avis . i . pigle, stichwort," Gl. M. " Lin-
" gua auis . i . pigle," Gl. Rawl. C. 607.
*' Lingua auis, stichewort," Gl. Sloane, 5.
The name describes the leaves.

Afreo'San, to froth. Lb. I. xlvii. 2.

Ahwsenan, preet. ede, p.p. ed, to trouble,
contristare. lib. xx. 7, where Lat. con-
tristatus. "Ilerof J>e lauedies to me
menej>. An wel sore me ahweneK Wei
neh min heorte wule tochine, Hwon ich
beholde hire pine. Owl and Nightingale,
1562. Of this the ladies tome rrioan, and
pretty sorely distress me; well niyh my
VOL. XL

Ahwfcnan — cont.

heart will break (tocman), when I behold
their pain. Vtan ypej-pian ahpajnebe T
hyptan opmobe, MS. C.C.C. 419, p. 246.
Let us comfort the distressed and encou-
rage the despairing. Cf DD. 139, xlvii.

AleJ'jian, to lather. Lb. I. liv. See Lea'Sor.
It is for Gelet>]ian.

Alor, Air, gen. -es, masc, the alder, alnus
glutinosa. Lb. I. ii. 14 ; aires. Lb. II. li.
3 ; masc. CD. 376.

Ananbeam, gen. — es, masc, the spindle
tree, euonymus Europceus. Lb. I. xxxii.
4. Germ, anisbaum. " |7anabeam, fusa-
" num, spindle tree, prichtimber." Som-
ner Lex. " Fusarius, uuananbeam," Gl.
M.M.

Anapypm, Ons worm, masc. Lb I. xlvi. 1.
In the Ynglinga Saga, Anasott is said to
have taken its name from On, a king of
Sweden, who prolonged his own life by
sacrificing from time to time one of his
sons to Woden. Si'San andaj'Sist en
konungr, ok er hann heyg'Sr at Uppse-
lum. pat er si'San kellut Anasott er
ma'Sr deyr verklaus af elli. Heims-
kringla, Ynglinga S. xxix. Then ex-
pired king On, and icas buried at Upsal.
It was afterwards called On-sickness,
when a man dies from old age, without
agony. That the former element in
Anajiypm, Anasott, is the same cannot
be doubtful.

Anj'pilbe, unique (^unicus, singularis').
Lb. I. ii. 9. Cf. Zwispild, geminus,
biformis. (Graff.)

Autre. See Ontre. Lb. II. U.

Arendan. Lb. II. Hi.

Argesweorf, gen. -es, brass filings. Lb. I.
xxxiv. 1. See Gesweorf.

Arod, an herb, probably arum, "Apov, Lb.
III. xlii. Lacn. 2. Thus Cymed for
Cymen.

A]\ 6m, copperas. The reading of the
MS. in Lb. II. xv. is sap 6m, translating
/xfTO xaAKdi'0011 \eiov (koI yUf'AiTi oKijca
avaXafiMv). XaAKavOos is green vitriol.
But it is also brass rust, cerugo, and the
A A

GLOSSARY,

Ap 6m — conf.

true reading may be ap 6m. The -word
copperas is commonly used for either the
green rust of copper, or the green vitriol
•with which the kitchenmaid cleans brass
pans; from its ambiguity it was con-
Yenient. Aei'ou points to the levigated
rust.

Asaru, asarabacca, asarum Europceum.
Lb. II. xiv. Foles foot is Tussilago far-
fara.

Asiftan, to sift. Lb. I. ii. 20.

Aslawen, stnick, stricken, from a)-lean, for
f aj-lagan, a collateral form. Contents,
Lb. I. Ivi. =a)-lasen in text. So cnucan
becomes cnujmn, cnuan.

Asprindlad, ripped tip and spanned open
with tenter hooks. Lb. II. xxiv. From
sprindel, tenticum, Gl. C, a tenter hook.
Cf. Spreisseln, Schmeller, Bayerisches
Worterbuch, IV. p. 593.

Atpum, a Latin word, Smyrnium olusa-
trum. Lb. I. ii. 20, etc.

Atcopla>e, gen. -an ; " venom-loather,"
panicum cms galli. In Hb. xlv. arcop-
lajpe is galli crus, and were there doubt,
it seems removed by MSS. G. T. A.,
which draw the p. sanyuinale, Linn., now
called digitaria sanguinalis. These two
grasses are included together in the
" cocksleg," hahnenbein of the Germans.
The corresponding article in MS. Bod-
ley, 130, gives the name sanguinaria, and
the old gloss is Blobwrt, with a later of
the 14th century, "Blodwerte." San-
guinaria is often glossed as shepherds
purse, thlaspi or capsella bursa pastoris,
or as tormeutilla, these being esteemed
stanchers of blood, or as polygonum ;
but in this instance it must be as above,
d. sanguinalis. With these testimonies
it is vain to consider how such virtue
was attributed to a grass. Did they
confuse panicum with panacea ? The
glossaries give no real help. "Atrilla,
" attorlathe," Gl. Dun., where atrilla
seems to be afctoplaj^e with a Latin ter-
mination. "Astrilla," Gl. Sloane, 146.

Arcoplat>e — con t.

" Cyclaminos, attorlathe," id., but cycla-
men is in Herbarium " slite." " Galli
" crus, attorlathe," id., a quotation from
our book. "Fenifiiga, attorlathe," id., un-
derstand venenifuga, a translation of the
Saxon word. "Venenifuga, arcepla^e,"
Gl. Somner, p. 66 [63] b. 27. " Morella,
" atterloh-e,'' Gl. Harl. 978, but morella
is atropa belladonna, and poisonous itself.
Atejila^e, betonica, Lye, from a Gl. ;
but betony and attorlothe are separately
named in Lb. I. i. 15. The claims of
asclepias vincetoxicum are set aside by
its being a foreign plant. The heal all
of the old Dansk, Laukr, has no support
from our authorities. Lye prints, by
some error, sattorla^e also. The small
attorlothe occurs in Lb. I. xlv. 6.

Aurugo is interpreted by Du Cange la
jaunisse, the jaundice. This rendering is
supported by the etymon aurum, goJd,
and by authority ; aurugo, color in auro,
sicut in pedibus accipitris, i . gelesouch,
Gl. E. vol. ii. p. 992 a, the colour one
sees in gold, as in a hawks feet, the
yellow sickness. Gelisuhtiger, ictericus,
auruginosus, Graff, vol. vi. col. 142.
Our text, however, interprets aurugo, as
a tugging or drawing of the sinews, Hb.
Perhaps this may be explained by ob-
serving that auriglnosus is glossed ar-
cuatus, Du Cange ; auruginosus, ar-
cuatus, Gl. Isid. Not very differently
from our text ; " Artuatus, j-ybmyole
" abl," Gl. K. p. 11, ult., read arcuatus
and it may be, geole, or muscle ;
whence it might well be supposed
that o-KLirddTovos was meant, a term ap-
plied to bows, bent back the opposite
way to their natural curvature, especially
true of horn bows, Gortynia cornua, and
to persons suffering under that extreme
form of tetanus, in which the feet and
head are drawn back till they touch.
Aurigo is also, in Apul. Ixxxvii., morbus
regius, which was another mediajval
name for the jaundice ; Graff, vol. vi..

GLOSSARY.

371

Aurugo — cont.

141. Graffs mark of interrogation at
the -word Gelbsucht, would be removed
by the publication of our texts.

Aj'fepan, f -)>jieap, -^ujien, turn, coagu-
late. See ppepan. Lb. I. xlv. 5.

Ahyn, press. Lb. I. viii. 2. His eyes aep
jiaepon uta'Sybe oy >am eahbpinsum,
MH. 98 b, were before thrust out of their
sockets. See pyn.

B.

Ban — 1. A bone.

2. A leg, neut., pi. ban. Lb. Li. 15 ;
L xxvi. ; IL li., -where it is leg, so
Csedm. ? Daniel, MS. p. 195, 5. f seudo
Caedm. H.H. MS. p. 223, 20, their legs
failed them. " Tibialis, banjiyjr," Gl.
M.M.

Banpypc, fem., gen. in -e. 1. banewort,
viola, not blue voilet, but viola lactea,
while violet, and v. lutea, Heartsease.
In Hb. clii. 1, bone-wort is in the
Latin version of Dioskoridcs, (not ex-
isting in the Hellenic) " viola alba : " in
Hb. clxv. it is also distinguished from
viola purpurea in art. clxvi. Lb. I. i. 15.

2. Bellis perennis, daisy, bsegef eage ;
but at a period later than our text ; and

' perhaps by error. " Consolida minor,
" daysey, ven-wort, idem bone-wort," GI.
Harl. 3388. " Consolida minor . i . bon-
" -wert," GI. M. " Consolida minor, days-
" y^e," Gl. Bodley, 178. "Consolida
" minor. Daysei is an herbe hat sum
" men callet hembris-worte oK'r bone-
" wort," Gl. Douce, 290. " Consolida
" minor . i . petit comferi . anglice dayis-
" hege . habet florem album," Gl. Raw-
linson, c. 607. Benwort, daisy, (Dick-
insons Cumberland Gl. in add.)

3. Eryttircea centaureum, if we trust
" centaurea minor, banpy^ic," Gl. Somn,,
p. 64 b, 18. The wort is said to have
cpoppan, bunches, either racemes or

Banj'vpt — cont.

umbels or cimes, which applies better
to this lesser centaury than to heartsease
or to daisy. Lb. IF. li. 2.

4. " Filia aurea, banpyjir." Gl. Cleop.
Fila aurea, Solidago virgaurea, Bat.,
sometimes called consolida Saracenica.
Ba'Sian, to bathe, is to be distinguished
from Be^ian, to beathe or warm. In the
Lb. MS. fol. 92 a, the penman first had
written e, but this he erased to put a. But
as the old idea of a bath did not include
cold water, the words are nearly allied.
Belene, beolene, gen. -an, fem. ? henbane,
hyoscyamus niger. Hb. v. Lb. I. ii. 22 ;
I. iii. 3. Another name is henne belle,
from its bell shaped capsules, which are
dra-wn in MS. V., and from them the
name belene, seems derived ; belle, a
bell; hellen, furnished with bells ; and the
final e is the usual final distinctive form
of names of worts. The modern name
henbane is independent, and derived from
its poisonous qualities; another is henne-
pol, with the same sense.
Beopc, bark, latratus. Hb. Ixvii. 2. Ge-

beopc, Sc. 55 b. JE.G. 2, 44.
Beor^or, byr'Sor, gen. -res. 1. the embryo,
fa-tus. Quad. iv. 4; Bed. 493, 40.
" FcEtu, rubpe vel mib beopj^jie," Gl.
Cleop. 40 b. N. 50.

2. Childbirth, partus. Quad. iv. 6.
Beop'Sopcpelmaj-, abortivi, Lye. Lb. HI.
xxxvii. Cf. Mone, p. 411 a.
Beopj^pt, fem., beewort, sweet flag, acorus
calamus. Hb. vii. " Marubium, hune
" vel beopypc," Gl. Cleop. fol. 61 a,
wrong. In Hb. vii. a synonym in the
Latin is Veneria, and the mediaeval mar-
ginal annotations on Dioskorides give
on "AKopov (not Acorns), ol 5e, x'^P'^^y
'A(ppoSi(rlas, 'Pwfia'oi /Sej/f'peo, ol Se, vavriKO.
paSi|, TdWoi TTfirepaKiovn; that is, Aco-
rum is called in Latin Veneria, and by
the Gauls peper apium (for apum), bees
pepper : (for the Celtic use of kappa in-
stead of pi, see SSpp. art. 20). What
our text says about bees, is to be under-
A A 2

S72

GLOSSARY.

Beoj'vpt — cont.

stood, as that the -wort will induce an
unsettled swarm of bees to i-econcile
themselves to an offered hive ; hence it
•was reasonably called beewort : and so
Dioskorides, of Acorum says, that the
roots are not in smell unpleasant ; rfj
6a/xfj ovK a-nSels. In MS. V. the root
chiefly is drawn, and the figure corre-
sponds minutely with the description in
Dioskorides, that they,for he uses a plural,
are not straight grown, but oblique and
superficial, divided by knots ; ovk els eieh
iretpvKvias aAAa irKaytas Kol e'l tVnroArjs,
ySvacri SieiArj^.ueVas. That he adds
viroXevKov^, whitish, while the English
drawing has a strong red, may be set
down to the artistic tastes of the painter.
The di-awing in MS. A. is very similar.
Somners Gl. p. 63 a, line 59, translates
apiago by beowyrt. In MS. Bodley,
130, veneria is drawn as acorum, with a
large creeping root, and glossed "lemre"
for the English name. Dorsten calls the
roots of acorus " rubicundas," as co-
loured in MS. v., and on this ground
several glossaries make acorus = madder.
The x^po^ of the mai'gin of Dioskorides
is another form of acoros, and'AcppoSicrlas
has the same sense as veneria. MS. G.
figures a crow foot, with gl. "honefus."
2. Acanthe. Hb. cliv. figured as sld-
laria hulostea.

Besengian, to singe. Lb. I. li. See Sengian.

Besoreadan, to empurple. Lb. I. xlvii. 1 ;
from baso, jjurple, and read, red.

Byben, gen. -e, fern., a bucket: used in
Lb. I. xxxii. 2, with a perforated stool,
and thus evidently the modern bidet.

Binj-pypc, fem., gen. in -e, a rush, a iuncus
or carex or butomus umbellatus, as in
German.

Bypisbepge, fem., gen. -an, -ean, a mul-
berry. Lb. II. XXX. 2. Moros, mulberry
trees, Ps. Ixxvii. 52, is translated by
typ'S and by mapbeamaf. Spelm.
Bepij;bpenc, diamoron, Gl. in Lye, a
drink made from mulberries with honey.

Bypla, masc, gen. -an, the barrel, in the
horse keepers sense ; Lb. I. Ixxxviii. 3,
from the context and the modern word.
As, however, there is but this known
example, it may be perineum, like bcere,
in Molbech. Cf. " Burlings, the tails
" and other parts, which are taken from
" lambs when sheared. Burl, to take such
" wool from lambs as is dirtied, or liable
" to additional deterioration from their
" laxity of body." Salopia antiqua Gl.

Bi)"ceoppy]ir, fem. gen. in -e, bishopswort,
ammi mains. (Skinner, Nemnich,Florio,
Cotgrave, Lovell, Culpeper.) This is
medicinal, but foreign, and must be
taken as cultivated by our " herborists,"
as Lyte says of it. Bishops weed=ammi.
Skinner. So we read " the southern "
bishopwort. Lb. II, liv.

2. Verbena officinalis? if we trust Gl.
Somn. p. 64 a, 1, with p. 66 [63] b, 32.

3. "Hibiscus?" //-eernaZ/ow. Gl. Cleop.
Gl. M.M. Vitex '^ Agnus castus," Gl.
Arund. 42, fol. 92. " Puleium mon-
" tanum," Gl. Arund. 42.

Bij-ceopjiypC yeo Iscj-j-e, the lesser
bishopswort, betonica officinalis. "Beto-
" nica,"Gl. Somn.p. 64a,49 ; Gl. Arund.
42; Gl. Dun. ; Gl. Mone, p. 320 b ; Gl.
Faust ; Hb. i. ; but Skinner says " be-
" tonica aquatica," which is scrophularia
aquatica. Bat. ; and Culpeper says,
" water betony, in Yorkshire bishops
" leaves."

Bite, gen. -ej-, masc. 1. a bite. 2. a
cancer. 1. pi. hitay, Quadr. xiii. 7; Isl.
bit, a bite, is neuter (B.H.). Biz, ohg.,
hiss in Germ., are masc. The word is
followed by heo, Quadr. xi. 7, but that
will be an error. Slire also and others
have final e. Lb. I. xliv. 1.

Blffic, gen. -ey? a blotch. Lb. Contents,
I. xxxii., with article pam. "Vitiligo,
" blec," Gl. M.M. p. 154 b, 39, where
is added J^jiuj^'el, leprosy, the same as
Goth. J^rutsfill, Xfwpa. Similarly id. p.
164 b, 3, but blectb.

2. Ink, encaustum, DD. 395.

GLOSSARY.

Blopan, prset. f bleo)', pp. blojien, to Uow,
bloom, blossom, Jlorere. Tjieopa he be)'
jse)ilice bloj'an, M.Sp. p. 16, Trees
lie shall cause suddenly to bloom. Mid
blowendum wyrtum, Horn. II. 352,
with blooming worts. OS ^ hi becomou
to j-umuni pcinenbura jelba jffiSjie
Sebloiien, M.II. 99 b, Till they came
to a shining plain, fair and blooming
(" fairly blown "). C.E. 199, 200, etc.

Bogen. See Bo'Sen, convertible, Lb. p.
310, note. Lb. III. iv. xxvi. xxx. Ixii. 1.

Box, neut, ? Lb. II. lix. 14. tobjiocenuin
pealyboxe, Mark xiv. 3. Buxus, box
tjieop. Buxum, j-opcajiuen box, ^G.
5, Tilt. It is therefore direct from the
late Latin, and seems to follow its gender.

Bo'Sen, gen. -ej- ; probably wild thyme, thy-
mus serpyllum. Bot)enej*, Lb. III. iv. In
Hb. Ixxxi. boSen is rosemary, which is
a native of the south of Europe. In
Hb. cxlix. it is employed to translate
thyme, and this is native to England.
" Lolium, bo^en," Gl. Somn., p. 77 a,
but darnel is not to the unskilled eye
at all like thyme and rosemary ; it
seems however to be considered only
as a mean herb by the glossator.
The drawing in MS. V., fol. 39 d,
has not simple leaves as for either rose-
mary or thyme it should have (H.), but
it may be the artists view of either.
" Rosmarinus, sundeav vel bothen vel
" feld medere," Gl. Dun. "Rosmarinus,
" sundeaw," Gl. Mone, p. 322 b. ; this
is a failure to translate ros marinus as
sea dew ; our sundew or drosera is wholly
different. In MS. Bodley, 130, there is
no drawing of rosmariuus, but a hand of
the 14th century has glossed the article
" feld modere;" this seems to come of
very careless observation. "Rosmari-
" num, feld maidere," Gl. Mone, p. 322 a.
White bothen is great daisie, says
Gerarde.

Bpea'5, brittle. Hb. cxl. 1. evOpavaros.

Bpecan, verb reflexive, bjiecan hme,
make an effort to spew. Lb. II. Hi. 1.

Bjiecan — ro7it.

"Brakyn or castyn or spewe, vomo
" evomo," Prompt. Parv. " Brakynge or
" parbrakynge, vomitus, cvomitus," id.

Bjiebe? a particolour ed cloth; nub bpebe.
Lb. IIL ii. 1. Cf. Bjiaebelf, stragulum,
Gl. in Lye. Cf. Bp/jb, C.E. 218, line 9.
Brcgben, C.E. 219, line 13.

Bjiegban, prcet. bpseb, p. part, bjiogben, to
do anything with a sudden jerk or start.
Lb. IL li. 3. etc.

Bjiyj-ejjyjic, fern., gen. -e, pimpernel, ana-
gallis. " Anagallis, brisewort," Gl. Raw-
linson, c. 506. Gl. Harl. 3388. Leech-
doms, vol. I. p. 374.

2. Bellis peren7iis,MSi.Ija\id. 553, fol. 9.
Plainly for Hembriswyrt. See Ban-
pypc, 2.

Bjnjian, to brcic, pra;t. bpeop, p. part,
bpopen. Lb. I. xlvii. 3, make a brewit,
a lomentum, dress. Lb. I. xxxvi. Bpip
his mere ]n> ele. Lb. ILli. 1,3. O.T.
254, 9. Horn. L 352.

B]iyJ)en, neut., what has been brewed. Lb.
I. Ixvii. 2. C.E. p. 1G1,4 = MS. fol. 47 a,
8, where the use of barm is mentioned.
He jeann ... an bjiy^en mealces ; one
brewing of malt; malt for one brewing.
Wulfgeats Will, unpublished.

Bjiocmince, -an, fem., mentha hirsuta,
Bot. Hb. cvi. '' Sisymbrium, an herbe,
" wherof bee two kyndes, the one is
" called Sisymbrium alone, whiche is also
" called Thymbrea, in englishe water
" mynte." Elyots Diet, by T. Cooper.
See the synonyms from mediaeval sources
in the Flora Britannica, with the words
" In aquosis vulgaris."

Bjiom, gen. -ef, masc. ? broom, cytisus
scoparius, (Hooker). Lb. I. ii. 14.

BpoJ^ejipyjir, fem., gen. -e, penny royal,
rneutha pulegium, Gl. Brux.

Bjiune^an, a dative : Lb. I. iv. 6, a dis-
ease, brunella ; as I conclude from the
following ; " oris vitium cum linguaj
" tumore, exasperatione, siccitate et
" nigredine ; unde et nomen teutonice
" habet, vulgo brunella." Kilian in

374

GLOSSARY.

IJjiuneK'vn — cont.

brujne. Album Grtecum, prescribed in
Lb. for this disease, is said by Salmon
(Engl. Ph)'s. p. 753) to cure "Diseases
" of the Throat and Quinsies : for a sore
" throat called Pruna, you may use it."

Bpunjiypr, fem., gen. in -e, broivn wort,
scrqfalaria aquatica, water betony.
(Skinner, Lyte, Nemnich, Culpeper.) So
braun^vurtz in Dodoens. I suppose " the
" broad leaved brownwort which waxeth
" in woods," Lb. I. xxxviii. 4, to be
scrofula ria nodosa.

2. Hb. art. Ivii. makes bjiunpyjic the
fern called splenium or asplenium, and
Gl. Dun. copies that. Ceterach officina-
rum is meant. It has a brown under
surface, but the drawing in MS. V. is
not a fern at all. Spimon vel reverion,
Gl. Erux., where spimon is a misreading
of splenion.

3. Also the vaccinium or bilberry
shrub, Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63] b, 12, where
bpanjiypc is printed. Gl. Dun.

4. Prunella vulgaris, where prun is
brown. So the MECstricht Gl. in Mone,
p. 285 a. Nemnich. See also Bruyne
in Kilian.

Bulentr]-e, a wort. Lb. I. xlvii. 2. There

must have been more than one of the
- name, as the passage mentions the small

sort.
Bulot, Lb. I. Iviii. 2 ; Bulut, Lb. IIL

xlviii. ; the root of lychnis flos cuculi?

^ee Pliniusxxi. 97=26. Ballota, BaA-

AcuTrj, nigra ? Boletus ?

c.

Csepen, neut. ? a Latin word, carenum,
wine boiled down one third and sweetened.
" Cypen, i.e. ajnlleb pm . dulcisapa," Gl.
in Lye. Mib )>am cejienum J^ajpe gob-
j-pellican )-j't'tnyj-)-e, St.Gn'Slac, cap. xvii.
= p. 72, 1. 7. Gen. -ey. Lb. L i. 17.

Caepfe, gen. -an, fem. ? cress, water cress,
nasturtium officinale. The drawings in
V. A. have opposite leaves and a stout
tripartite terminal fruit or inflorescence,
so that they are " most like caper spurge,
" euphorbia lathyris," (H.) But the op-
posite leaves with a racemose arrange-
ment of the flowers, which latter may be
seen in MS. T., is sufficient for us, with
the synonym in Hb. xxi. " Nasturtium."
In MS. G. is a gloss, " Cart chresse,"
where the former word may stand for
KdpSafxoy, cress. Thu drawing in MS. G.
is a good deal like the herb, and that in
MS. T. is meant for it. " Cardamon,
" cearse," Gi. Dun. Tun caepj-e, garden
cress, lepidium sativum; Dutch, Tuinkers.

Camecon, cammock ? which see. Lb. I.
xlvii. 3. Cf. Hleomoc, Hleomocan.

Cammoc, Commuc, gen. -ej-. 1. Sulfur
wort, harestrang, peucedanum officinale,
Hb. art. xcvi., and so drawn MS. V. fol.
45 a. Peucedanum, gl. dogge fenell,
MS. Bodley, 130, adding " or balde- y
" monie," which is gentian. "Peuce-
" danum, cammok," Gl. M. ; Gl. Dun.,
dog fenell (Grete Herbal). The fine
linear leaves are meant in a bad drawing
in MS. Harl. 5294, where is gl. hand
fenell. Peucedanum is harstrang in
Hollands Plinius (index, vol. ii.), and
in Dutch and German, and in Cotgrave.
Harestrong is peucedanum officinale in
Mylnes Indigenous Botany, 1793. Peu-
kedanum was also rightly read as hogs
fennel, in a Welsh Gl. of the 13th cen-
tury (Meddygon Myddfai, p. 291). The
name fennel is derived fi'om its linear
leaves. The genitive. Lb. III. xxx.

2. Anonis, rest harrow, Gl. Harl. 3388.
Gl. Arundel, 42. Gerarde. Gl. Sloane,
405. Gl. Dorsetshire, Culpeper. ^ee
Cammoc whin, which is the correct word.

3. Hypericum, also pulica7-ia dysenterica,
also senecio [acobaa ; Gl. New Porest.

Cammoc whin, rest harrow, anonis, MS.
Laud. 553, fol. 18. The leaves are ter-
nate like those of the true cammock.

GLOSSARY.

bjo

Cayyac, gen. in -ey, masc, hassock, aira
caspitosa. Lb. III. Ixii., Ixiii., Ixiv.
Hassuc, masc, CD. 655. Cf. Nemnich.
A confirmation in Lacn. 79.

Caulic, gen. -ny, a medicine of which two
or three drops are prescribed, Lb. II.
Hi. 3, perhaps kco\ik6v, koKikov.

Cajiel, masc, coleivort, brassica oleracca,
Lb. III. xii., xliv.

Ceac, gen. -es, masc, a jug, urna: pi. cea-
cai-. Bed. p. 520, L 6, with Smiths note,
p. 97. Lb. L ii. 11. liom. L 428.

2. Laver of the temple of Solomon ;
Inter, XovTi]p, P. A. 21b.

Cealpe, ceolpe, ceolbpe, ace. -e, nom. pi.
—as, masc, pressed curds, curds crumbled
and pressed into a cake. " Calmaria,
" cealjie ; Caluiale, cealepbjiip," Gl.
Cleop. " Muluctra, ceolbpe," Gl. C. The
dat. occurs, Lb. I. xxxix., ace I. xliv. 1.
Lacn. 57, pi. Ai5o|. 51. Compare Germ.
Gallerte, fem.,jelli/.

Ceaj-tep sej-c. See JEyc.

CeajTep pypc, fem., gen. -e, black helle-
bore, helleborus niger. Lb. I. xxxix. 2.

Cebelc, Mercurialis perennis. Hb. Ixxxiv.
from the text and drawings. " Mercuri-
" alis, cedelc vel merce," Gl. Dun., where
the insertion of marche or celery arose
from its similarity to the first syllable
in mercurialis. "Mercurialis, cebelc.
" cyphc," Gl. Mone, p. 320 b ; but the
tradition of our people forbids us to be-
lieve that mercury is charlock.

Celenbpe, fem., gen. -an, coi'iander,corian-
drum salivum. Lb. I. iii. 9. Also celen-
beji. Lb. I. iv. 2, probably after the Latin
and neuter ; dat. -bpe, Lb. I. xxxv.

Celet>enie, celejjonie, cylel^enie, fem., gen.
-an, celandine, chelidonium mains, by
English tradition. But Glaucium luteum
is the x*^'^'^''""' A^e7« of Dioskorides,
according to Sprengel. The drawing
in MS. V. fol. 38 a, is meant perhaps for
chelidonium maius (II.) Hb. Ixxv. Lb.
I. ii. 2, and often.
CejiyiUe, cypplle, fem., gen. -an ; garden
chervil, antltriscus cereJvUum,Bot.

Cejijille — cunt.

I'ubucejijille, wild chervil, anthriscus
silvestris, Lb. II. Ii. 4. Lacn. 62.

8eo peabe pubu pile, Lacn. G8. J^ubu
ceppUe, Hb. Ixxxvi., is in both places
sparagia agrestis, wild asparagus, or as-
paragus acutifolius, Linn. Asparagus
agrestis, becomes eoji^najrola, Hb. cxxvi.
2, by neglecting agrestis. Sparagia gres-
tis, vude cearfille. Sparago, nefle, Gl.
Dun.

Cicel, masc, a cake. Germ. Kuchen, masc,
a cake. Quadr. ix. 17. Lb. I. xlvi. 2.
" Buccella," Gl. in Lye ; masc. Lacn.
44. A(5a|. 63, 21. A word still in use ;
Moores Suffolk words, Bakers Northants
Gl. Kersey. " A flat triangular cake."
Moore.

Cicena mete, masc. gen. -ey, chickenmeat,
chickweed, stellaria media, formerly called
alsine media, Linn. Hippia minor, etc.
" Ispia minor, [read Hippia'], chyken-
" mete," Gl. Kawl. c 607. " Ipia minor,
" chykynmete album florem [habet]."
Gl. Harl. 3388. Similarly, Gl. M., Gl.
SI., 1571. " Modera," Gl. Dun. Muronis,
Gl. Brux.

Cymeb for Cymen ? n and r> being kindred
dentals. Lb. I. xxxix. 2. Lye con-
jectured for chamadrys, germander.

Cymen, neut. (as Lb. II, xliv.), cummin,
KvfjLivov, cuminum cyndnum, a foreign
plant.

Kmcean, Lb. I. xvi. 1. I find " Kinnock,
" the artichoke, cynara scolymos,"
(Nemnich). " Cariscus, kinhbeam," Gl.
Sloane, 146. "Cariscus, cjucbeam," Gl.
Somner, p. 64 b, 54, all agree that the
quickbeam is the (sorbus or) pirus au-
cuparia. The reader wiU suspect I
should have read kuihbeam, but the MS.
marks the i. " Virecta, cincae," GL
M.M. In these times virecta are green
shoots, as in Vita Godrici, p. 43, line 1,
applying well to the paits of the arti-
choke that are eaten. Kinphen, grem-
sich, Gl. Mone, p. 289 a, and Grensing,

376

GLOSSARY.

Kmcean — cont.

nymphcEct, Graff. Gl. ^lone, p. 290 b, 6,
corrected.

The spelling qmce in Lacn. 4, makes
us suspect quince.
Cypnel, masc, gen. -ef, heniel of a nut.
" Nucli, cypnlar," Gl. Cleop. fol. CG a,
read nuclei.
Cypnel, neut., pi. cyjinelu, kernel, liai'd
glandular swelling, churnel, grumus.
Hb. iv. 2, 3 ; xiv. 2 ; Ixxv. 5.
Cyplybb, neuter ? rennet, Quad. iv. 1 4.
See Lib. Rennet is the substance which
turns milk to cui'd, for which purpose
is often used a calfs stomach ; hapan
cyj-lyb implies that the stomach of a
hare or leveret would have the same
effect. Otherwise cyj^epunn, Collo-
quium, p. 28 ; not caseus, nor yet a
cheese, but rennet. Unlibban is other-
wise declined, Horn. IL 504 ; lyb is in
Gl. C.C.C. Cf. Lacn. 18.
Claenie, gen. -an, fern. ? clover, trifolium
pratense. Lb. I. xxi. Amid a wilderness
of confusion, the ternate leaves of the
figure in MS. Bodley, 130, at Hb. Ixx. ;
the close relationship between hares foot
and clover in the old herbals, as Lytcs,
the similarity of the drawings in MS. V.
at art. Ixx. and art. Ixii. ; a comparison
of the drawings of clover, art. Ixx., and
hart clover, art. xxv., have convinced me
that I have rightly determined the worts
meant byl>apan hije and Claeyjie. Kipcnov
to which claejpe is equivalent, Hb. Ixx.,
was in Dioskorides a pappose plant,
carduus parvijlorus (Sprengel). Lindley
makes cirsium a cynaraceous genus.
The trifolium pratense or purple clover is
in Gennan Kleber, Klever, Kleve, and
-klee, Rothe-, Gemeiner- and Brauner-
Wiesen-klee ; in Dutch Roode klaver,
etc. ; in Dansk Rod-klever, etc. ; in
Swedish Klof^er, etc. The drawing in
MS. V. Hb. Ixx. by itself "' won t do for
" Trifolium ; corresponds as far as it
" goes with Thymus serpyllum," (H.)
J. Grimm makes claenie clover.

Clare, fem,, gen. -an ; 1. The greater, the
burdock, arctium lappa. " Blitum vel
" lappa, clace," Gl. Somn. p. 6G [63] b,
30. " Bardane la grande, the burrdock,
" slote \_rcad clote] burr, great burr,"
Cotgrave. " Bardona .i . cletes . vel burres
" secundum aliquos," Gl. Rawl. c. 607.
" Elixis . i . lappa bardana . i . clote," GL
Harl. 3388. " Lappa maior . i . bardana,
clote," Gl. Harl. 3388.

2. The lesser ; clivers, goosegrass,
catchweed, little bur, galium aparine.
"Amorfolia, clace," Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63]
b, 44, that is, love leaves, from cleaving
to passengers ; so Gl. Dun. Hb. clxxiv.
MS. O. The drawing, MS. V. fol. 64,
is " a very neat representation of aspe-
" rula odorata," (H.), but the aspernla
is not a burr plant, and the nearly akin
G. Aparine must have been in the
draughtsmans intention. It is called ^lA.-
dvdpwnos, as sticking to men and women.
" Philantropium, lappa, clace," GL R. 41.
Lappa, the catcher, from Aafii(xQat, lay
hold of, is applied like clote to both
these herbs, in other particulars unlike.
Clote itself must have the same sense,
and with exceptional vocalisation is a de-
rivative of cleopan, and for f cleojte, as
slice for f flihce, is from slean, f )-lej;an.

Cliye, fem., gen. -an ; clivers. The greater
is burdock, arctium lappa. The lesser is
galium aparine. Lb. I. 1. '2. The same as
chjiiyjic. " Apparine, cliuc." Gl. Dun.

Clij-pyjir, fem., gen. in -e, burdock, arc-
tium lappa. Assuming the syllable cli):
to signify cleaving, the Xanthium struma-
rium and the Asperugo procumbcns are
too rare ; the Galiums or the Arctium
lappa are common ; the equivalent yoxej*
cliye (Lacn. 112), seems to suit better
the burdock, which will grow in the wet
shore of a river, and so be eapyjic.
" Blitum vel lappa, clace vel cliypypc,"
Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63] b, 30. Lb. L xv, 3.
2. Galium aparine, written cli'Sjjypc,
Lacn. 69, where occurs a gloss, Rubea
minor.

GLOSSARY.

377

Clujre ? fern., pi. in -e, a clove, the bulb or
tuber of a plant. Lb. IIL xli., etc.

Cluplir, cluyehc, cloved, having a clove,
bulbed, tuberous. Lb. IIL xli., etc.

CluyJ^ung, cluil'uuse, fern., gen. in -e, also
—an, doffing, ranunculus sceleratus,
Hb. ix. In MS. G. the true herb is
drawn ; in MS. A. the flowers are at
least yellow, with five petals ; but in
MS. V. fol. 21 a, all likeness is lost,
punj is poison, cluy- is clove, the tuberous

■ root ; as of some of this tribe. Clup
J'ungan, Hb. ex. 3, where the Latin
again makes the wort a ranunculus.
" Mortali yeneno, mid cEttrigere cluf-
" >unse," Gl. Mone, p. 349 b, an erro-

. neous version ; but an example of the
feminine. " Scelerata herba vel apium
" risus, anglice cloftong," Gl. Sloane,
405. " Scelerata, gl. cloftunge," MS.
Bodley, 130. "As yellow as a claut," that
is, marsh ranunculus (Wilts.). " Batra-
" chium," Gl. Erux.

" Cicuta, cloftunke," Gl. Ilarl. 3388,
an error, cicuta is hemlock ; the poi-
sonous quality misled the writer.
" Cloffing, the plant hellebore." Halli-
well and the English Macer, MS. in
Prompt. Parv., vol. i. p. 198 ; a similar
error occurs, Lb. I. i. 7.

Clu}"]'y]ir, clovewort, fem., gen. -e, ranun-
culus acris. In MS. G. the figure is that
of ranunculus as in " scelerata," but here
the root is tuberous, so MS. T., but less
well ; MS. A. preserves a resemblance,
which is almost lost in MS. V. Hb. x.
" Batrocum," Gl. Dun., that is ^arpa-xi-ov.

Cneopholen, masc, knee holly, knee holm,
-holn, -hulver, butchers broom, Ruscus
aculeatus, Hb. lix. The gender is de-
termined by C.E. p. 437, 19, where the
translation " alder," is an im fortunate
blot. Two kinds are mentioned, Lb. I.
xlvii., but one only is native to England.
. The second may be presumed to be R.
Alexandrina of the middle ages, which
included li. hi/poglossum, E. Injpofyllum,
H. racemosus, of the Eot.

Cop;, gen. -es, costmary, alecost, tanacetuni

balsamita. Lb. II. Iv. 1, etc.
Crawleac. See Leac.
Cpimman, prait. cpam, p. part, cpumen, to
reduce to crumbs, to crumble. Cjiim. Lb.
L Ixi. 1.
Cropleac. See Leac
Cjiuc, masc, a cross. Lb. II. Ivi. 4.
Cu, gen. cue, fem., cow, vacca. The de-
clension is often contracted ; gen. Lb.
I. xxxviii. 11, by conti-. cu ; Saec an
beoyol on l^repe cu hpycje, M.H. 194 a,
There sat a devil on the cows back. Dat.
cy. Fepbe oj: ^BSjie cy, ibid., the devil
went off from the cow ; gen. pi. cuna ;
]:eo}ie]i-is cuna. Gen. xxxii. 15 ; dat. pi.
cum ; unbep yolcimi, Par. Ps. Ixvii. 27,
for yolc cum, as Grein suggests ; ace.
pi. cy ; ic hsebbe . . . gecelye cy, Gen,
xxxiii. 13, where ge is con ; SSpp. 261,
cows with their calves.
Culmillan, for cujimellan ? Lb. I. xvi. 1,
Cumb, masc, gen. -ej-, a vessel, '•' dolium,"
MS.St.Joh.Oxon. 154 ; SSpp. art. 1026.
Lacn. 37. Cf.plbcumb. Lb.III.liii.
Cumulu, pL, glandular swellings, translates^

ffKippiifxaTa. Hb. clvii.
Cunelle, fem., gen. -an, a Latin word,
cunila, a thymiaceous plant, say Thymus
vulgaris, a garden herb, but it is not
rue, as the glossator of the Liudisfarne
Gospels, Luke xi. 42, says, nor chervil,
as another Gl. says.

I^ubu cunelle, thymus serpyllum, wild
thyme. Lb, III. xxii.
Cupmelle ]-eo mape, Chlora perfoliata,
Bot. ; Cujimelle j-eo IcSfj-e, Erytltraa cen-
taureum, Bot. Hb. xxxv. xxxvi. All
the MSS., v.. A., G., T. figure in both
these articles, the same wort, and in all
they are the Erythraea centaureum. The
mediffival glossaries make no difficulty of
the lesser, but they had lost the clue to
the greater. The tradition is from
Plinius, XXV. 30, 31. Though some of
the continental botanists make no hesi-
tation in identifying the greater centau-
rion of Plinius, with centaiirea, yet his

«>/ o

GLOSSARY.

Cujimelle — con t.

expression, " caules geniculati," seems
iiTeconcileable with the genus. The in-
terpreter of our MS., however, and the
draughtsman did not know what plant to
name for the greater, nor did Fuchsius,
the botanic reformer. Of the less, Plini-
us says, " Hoc (minus) centaurion nostri
*' fel terrse vocant propter amaritudinem
^' summam." " The whole plant is ex-
" tremely bitter, and when dried is used
" in country places as a substitute for
" gentian root," (Lindley). Lyte (p. 375)
describes Ery th. c, and mentions (p. 436)
its bitterness, calling it " the small cen-
" torie." " Centaurea minor, horse galle,"
Gl. Sloane, 5, where " horse " means
luild. " C. maior, cristes ladder," Gl.
•Sloane, 5, but minor, Gl. Sloane, 13.5;
Christs ladder cannot be polemonium
cseruleum, which is nowise to the pur-
pose. " C. J^e more is not well knowen,"
Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 18 b. " Centaurea
*' maior, anglice more centori or yrthe
*' galle, it hathe leuys like lasse centori
" whytt, with on \_one\ stalk and yolow
*' flowrys and he flowryth nott in )pe
" topp," Gl. Sloane, 135; and so Harl.
3840, this is chlora perfoliata. Centaurea
maior coniungit folia iuxta stipitem,
florem habet croceum, MS. T., fol. 63 a.
" Centaurea minor, anglice lasse centori,
" with lasse leuys and grener J^en J>e more
*' centori, and hath mony branches com-
" yng out of on, with flowre some dele
" redde," Gl. Sloane, 135, plainly eryth-
rcea c. The [H]ortus Sanitatis figures
for centaurea, the erythraum c. Sibthorp
in the Flora Graca sustains the assertion.
Centaurea, erthegalle, is drawn in Grete
Herbal as C cyanus. Dorsten says the
greater centaury is unknown, yet draws
it as C. cyanus.

Cuj-lyppan, obi. case, cowslip, primula veris ;
fem. ? is a compound of cu, perhaps in
the genitive, and slyppan. See Oxanj-lyp-
pan. Lb. IH. xxx. Slyppan is probably
the sloppy dropping of a cow.

Cpseb, neut., du)ig. Lb. T. 1. 2 ; II. xlviii.
jjynne is also neuter.

Cpelbehc, full of evil matter, of pestilence.
Lb. I. liv. The termination as in cseji-
phc, cressy ; cluphc, cloved ; cneoehc,
kneed; hEejiihc, hairy; hBclJiht, heathy;
hpeodiht, reedy ; helmihc, leafy ; staen-
ihc, stony ; Ijopniht, thorny. For cpylb,
see Lye.

Cwicbeam, gen. -es, masc. 1. By tradition
the roivan tree, Pirus aucuparia.

2. luniperus communis, many glos-
saries.

3. Furze, or gorse, Vlex Europxtis,
Lb. I. xxxi. 3. Prompt. Parvul. See
Hb. cxlil.

4. The aspen, Populus tremida, Pref.
vol. I. p. Ixxxvi.

Cpi^, gen. in -ey, masc, the matrix, uterus,
vulva. Lb. III. xxxvii. xxxviii.

Cpi'S, Lb. I. xlvii. 3, Matricaria ? Read
cpice ?

D.

Dsel, gen. -es, neut. a dale, vallis, "barath-
" rum. " C.E. p. 93, 1. 26, p. 94, 1. 18.
Cffidm. if Caedm., p. 16, line 11, p. 22,
1. 10.

Dael, gen. -es, mostly masc, sometimes
neut., like Germ. Th.ei\, part, pars. The
masc. occ. everywhere. Exx. of neut.
AiSa|. 52, unless nominatival apposition
is there used ; as is perhaps the case in
Lb. II. xxx. Heo nsenig bsel leohcej*
j-ciman jej-eon mihce. Bed. 578, 20.
Sum bsel o'Spef peo]iCef co pypcanne,
D.G. 23 b.

Deaye, gen. -e, fem. .' deafness, surditas, Lb.
L iii. 2, 5. Cf. Isl. Deyfa, fem. id. (B.H.)

Dile, gen. -es, masc, dill, anethum graveo-
lens. Lib. I. i. 8 ; II. xxxiii. Leechd.
vol. I. p. 374, where haepene is for
hsepenne by suppression of consonant;
Pref. vol. I. p. c. ci.

GLOSSARY.

Dile — cont.

Haej'en dile ; perhaps Achillea tomen-
tosa ; for Cotgrave explains Anet as
secondly, " little or yellow harrow," for
which I read yaiTow, the finely divided
leaves of which might obtain it this
name.

Dylsta ? mucus ; pi. dylscan. Lb. I.
xxxi. 5. Cf. II. xxix.

Dylstihc, mucous, slimij. Lb. I. xxix. 1.

Dynige, it seems, an herb. Lb. III. viii.
\/^ Eead pynige ?

DyJ'homaji, papyrus. GI. Somn. p. 64 a,
39. Lb, L xli.

Docce, gen. -an, fern., dock, rumex ;
commonly H. obtusi/oHus, but often in
medicine for Supbocce. Lb. I. xxxviii. 9,
probably also R. pulcer, which is drawn
in MS. T. ; fern, in Gl. Cleop. fol. 71 c.

Fallow dock. Lb. I. xhx. ; perhaps
Zi. maritimus, and H. palustris.

Red dock. Lb. I. xlix. JR. sanguineus,
and perhaps for Sujibocce.

The dock that will swun frequently
occurs. Lb. II. Ixv. 1 ; I. xxxvi ; also
the Ompre that will swim, which is the
same plant. Lb. III. xxvi. Gerarde
calls " swimming hei'be," duckesmeat =
D uckweed= Lemna, which is doubtful.

Supbocce, sorrel, Rumex Acetosa is the
gl. in MS. T. Hb. art. xxxiv., and a bad
sorrel is drawn.

The Saxons did not botanize on modern
principles, and it easily follows that
their genus Dock is not of the same reach
as the modem Rumex. Thus Ci'ousope,
which is Saponaria officinalis, is glossed
fomedok, Gl. Harl. 3388. The word

\ " foam " shows that the writer knew his
plant, which he calls a dock. As in
this instance, and in Cammock whin, and
many others, similarity of leaves seems
to have been the chief guide to Saxon
nomenclature. I cannot therefore believe
that eabocce (spelt bocca) is Nymphsea,
GI. Somn. p. 64 a, 61. The word Nym-
phffia, like many others, must have been
misunderstood ; I therefore believe that.

Docce — cont.

Cabocce is the great water dock, rumex
aquaticus of Smith, and R. hydrolapa-
thum of Hudson.

Dockenkraut in German is Arctium
lappa, and dockcresses are Lapsana
communis.

Dolh, gen. -cs, mostly neuter, rarely masc,
wound, scar, vulnus, cicatrix. Hb. x. 3.
Lb. I. xxxi. 7, xxxviii. 9, 10; UI. xxxiii.
xxxiv. C.E. p. 68, 24, p. 89, 10. SyS-
'5an |-e dolh psej- geopenod. M.H. 93 b.

Dolhjiune, gen. -an, fern.? pellitory, parie-
tartu officinalis. Hb. Ixxxiii., as perdi-
calis, which is the same herb ; Lb. often.

Dopa, masc, gen. -an, the humble bee, bum-
ble bee, dumble dore, bombus generically.
The mediaeval glosses Burdo, Pucus,
Attacus, mean this insect or some nearly
allied. The commonest is Bombus ter-
restris, which stores honey. "Bourdon,
" a drone or dorr bee," Cotgrave. Lb.
often.

Djiacentj-e, gen. -an, fem. ? Dragons, arum
dracunculus, Hb. xv. Dragons was a
name applied by English herbalists, 1.
to Polygo7ium bistorta, which is, I think,
the herb figured in the Latin Apuleius,
MS. Bodley, 130, as dracontea ; 2. to
ojioglossum vulgatum, Hb. art. vi. ; and
3. to arum maculatum. All these three
have a resemblance to a snakes erected
head and neck. The figure in MS. V.,
art. XV. is intended for arum dracunculus,
and, this being so, it is impossible not to
concede the name. That plant is not of
English birth, but neither is the name.

Djiacontjan, gum dragon; Lb. II. Ixiv.
contents.

Dpige, bpyje, dry, siccus, aridus, Bed. 478,
14. Andreas, 1581. Lb. IL xlvi. (In
C.E. 426, 22, yorum bpije is y. bpigum).

Dpmce, gen. -an, fem., a drink, potus. Lb.
I. li, 1. ; L xlii. Horn. IL 180.

Dpopa, -an, masc, palsy of a limb. Lacn.
9. The Saxon interpreter was wide of
hi$ original in Hb. lix. 1, where "Ad
" hecmata intercidenda," in cxxiv. "tussi

8S0

GLOSSARY.

Djiopa — cont.

" medcndo " (so). Drop, droppe, para-
lysis (Kilian); Troppf, gout (Wachter).
The original sense remains in the "drop-
" ped hands," " wrist drop " of painters,
paralysis of the extensor muscles of the
■wrist. Root Drapan, to strike, p. part.
Dropen, Bw. 5955, MS.

2. A drop, gjiita. Lb. L ii. 21. Hence
" colera " meaning lymph, in Sc. 30 b.

Dujr, neut, dust, pulvis, powder. Neuter
everywhere ; Mark vi. 11, Luke x. 11,
Psalm 1. 5, Matth. x, 14.

Dpeopge bpo)-tle, bpeojiije bpojie, penny
royal, vientha pulegium. Hb, xciv. clvi. 2,
as pulegiiun. So Gl. Dun. So Ai5ct|.
.30, 51. " Pulegium regale, puliole
" reale," Gl. Harl. 3388. " Pulegio,
" peniroyall," Florio ; so Cotgrave.
" The smallest of its genus," Sir J. E.
Smith, and therefore well called "dwarf."
" Much used in medicine," (All). Penny
royal is only puliole royale. Plea bane
is not this plant, nor is the reading
bpeopse)-.

Mentha pulegium is called, Hb. xciv. a
male and female plant, but this has no
reference to the sexual system of Linno,
■which make it didynamous not dioecous.
Some notion of strength influenced Theo-
frastos and Dioskorides in giving these
names. The drawing in MS. V. is like
the herb intended. The flowers are some-
times white.

D])oj-le seems in the German glos-
saries to be Origanum.

E.

CaSpypc, fem., gen. -c, eyehright, cvfrasia
officinalis. Lb. IH, xxx. Germ., au-
gentrost ; Dutch, oogentrost ; Dansk,
"oientrost;" Swed., "ogontrost."

Cala^, ealo^, ealo, ealu, eala, neut. un de-
clined in sing., ale, cerevisia; gen. eala'S,

CalaS — cont.
DD. G3;0.T. 256, 5 ; Lb. T. xiv. and often ;
dat. eala'S, DD. 357 d; Lb. often; gen.
pi. eale'Sa, DD. 487, where it is used of
fermented liquor generally. Gen. Al'Ses,
D.R. 116, but the forms of D.R. are ab-
normal, or late.

Some interesting information on ale
and beer is collected by that learned and
accurate antiquary, Mr. Albert Way, in
the Prompt. Parv. p. 245. The frequent
mention of Wort (asLxxxvi), that is,the
warm malt infusion in the mash tub,
prepared for fermentation, shows plainly
enough that the Saxons brewed for them-
selves. The Alevat (I. Ixvii.) is the vessel
in which the ale was left to ferment.
Double brewed ale (I. xlvii. 3.) was
brewed on ale, instead of on water, and
gave them then a very Strong ale (III.
xii. p. 314, twice). Even without hops
such ale would keep till it became Old
ale (n. Ixv. 1, p. 292, line 12). Keeping
and careful treatment would secure its
being Clear (L Ixiii,; H. Ixv. 2, etc.).
Sweet ale is opposed to the clear (II.
Ixv. 2), and so was thick. j7ilipc ealu,
foreign ale, is often mentioned (I. Ixx.,
etc.). Ale is much more frequently
named than beer ; strong beer is opposed
to strong ale (IH. xii.). Hopping diinks
is mentioned, Hb. Ixviii. ; further, see
IJymele.

eahpep, eileher, alliaria, sauce alone
(Gerarde). Erysimum alliaria. Lb. IT.
xxiv., etc. But Callitrichum, Gl. Dun.

Galla, gall, fel. Of. Gealla. So Euang.
Nicod., xxvi.

€a)iban, pi. tares, ervum and orohus. Well
made out by Somner. " Rolon," in Gl.
Mone, is doubtless a corruption of orobus,
opofios, which, though divided by Bot.,
is every way the same as ervum. Lb. I.
xxvi.

Cajijucga, -an, masc, earwig, forjicula au-
ricularis. Lb. I. iii. j2, followed by he.

Cpelapce, fem., gen. in -an, Gnaphalium.
Somner found some authority for *' Mer-

GLOSSARY.

381

Gyelaf-e — ccwt.

*' curialis, the herb mercury, D.," nnd so
Gl. Harl. 978, yet all the gnaphaliums
have very lasting blooms, retaining their
colour when dry ; the G. margaritaceum
is specially our modern Everlasting, and
found " near Bocking, on the banks of
" the Rhymney, in Wire forest, and near
" Lichfield." Skinner also, Gnaphalium
Americanum, which is a misnomer by
Ray. The genus is in Dausk, Evigheds-
blomster.

Cjopyeapn, neut., gen. -ey, polypody, poli/-
poditim vuJgare. Hb. Ixxxvi., where it
= Radiolus ; " Alii filicinam dicunt,
" similis est filici, qum fere in lapidetis
" nascitur vel in parietinis, habens in
" foliis singulis binos ordines puncto-
" rum aureormn," Lat. In MS. Bodley,
130, a fern, as polypodium is drawn and
a Gloss, in a hand of the 12th century
gives "wilde brake." "Felix (read
" Filix) queirciua poUipodium . i . ewer-
" wan," Gl. M. ">e iii.d is ouerfern,
" and t-at groys on walles," MS. Bodley,
536. " Polypodyn . i . ouerferne 't it
" grewitj on okys \>is is lest," id. " Poly-
" podium murale, euerfern," MS. Raw-
linson, c. 506. To the entry, " Polypo-
" dium arborale, pollipodie ; PoUipodium
" murale, euerferne," MS. Harl. 3388, has
been added a cross, so as to invert the in-
terpretations. " Polypodium rubeas ma-
" culas habet et uocatur filix quercina .
" i . euerferne," id. " ffilex quercina pol-
*' lopodium, euerferne idem (sunt)," id.
" Filix a[r]boratica, ejojijreapn," Gl.
Somn. p. 64 a, 14. Culpeper, under
polypody of the oak, describes at length
and cleverly, pol. vulg. (H.), and his
mention is one link in a long medicinal
tradition. "And why, I pray, must
" polypodium of the oak only be used,
" gentle college of physicians ? Can
" you give me but a glimpse of reason
*' for it ? It is only because it is
" dearest." Culpeper. Polypodium vul-
gare is "very frequent on the tops of

ej-op]-ea]in— cont.

" walls, old thatched roofs, shady banks
" and the mossy trunks of rotten trees."
(Sir J. E. Smith.) Its fructification
forms a double row of golden spots on
each frondlet. See also his allusion to
tradition in English Botany, 1 149. The
older names were, "polypodium quer-
" cinum ; filix arborum ; filicula ; herba
" radioli." (Nemnich.) Italian, felce-
quercina. The figure in MS. V. " would
" do very well for plantago lanceolata,
" (H.), it is not a fern at all." The
gender neuter, Boet. p. 48, 1. 31 ; Lb.
L Ivi.

ehheolo>e, heahheolo)'e, gen. -an, fem. ?
elecampane, inula heleninm; from eh,
horse, equus, = heah, horse, "ttttos. "Ele-
" campana ys an erbe \>at som men
" callej> horshele, he beryth grene levis
" and longe stalkys and berith yelowe
" fioures." Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 22 c ; so
Gl. Bodley, 178. Lb. I. xxxii. 2 ; L i.
5, etc.

eicpa, latter, comp. adj. Lb. II. i. 1, re-
lated to elcian, be late ; Clcung, late-
7iess ; elcop, later, adverb.

elehrpe, gen. -an, lupin, the cultivated
sort of course, lupinut) albus; so trans-
lated, Hb. cii. 3. Given for dian-hoea,
Lb. III. xxii. " Electrum multos habet
" stipites folia virid[i]a et fiores cro-
" ceos," Gl. Harl. 3388. " Syluestres
'• lupini Candida habent folia. Sativi
" foliis non adeo albicant," Dorsten.
" Lypinus . i . lyponys, ]>m erbe has
" leuys lyke to t^e v. levyd grass, bote
" }>e erbe fore the more party has v.
" leues and a whyt floure, etc.," MS.
Bodley, 536. " Clehtpe, maura," MS.
in Somner. "Walupia, electre," GL
Dun.

elhygb, strange thought, distraction. Lb.
n. xlvi. ?>ysb is found fem. neut.

elm, masc, gen -ef, elm, ulmus campestris;
perhaps also u. sativa. Gen. elmef, Lbv
I. vi. 8, therefore like old Dansk, Almr,
elm, masc.

382

GLOSSARY.

Coyophpocu, also -e, fem., gen. in -an ;
carlina acaulis, Eberwurtz, carlina acau-
lis (Adelung). "The Carline thistle,
" formerly used in medicine, is not this
" (carlina vulgaris), but carlina acaulis
" of Linnseus. It was reported to have
" been pointed out by an angel to Charle-
" magne, to cure his army of the plague.
" His name is the origin of the generic
" one." (SirJ.E.Smith,English Botany,
plate 1144). Everwortel, chameleon,
Kilian ; that is xa,"«'^f '>"' (A.«vk:us), -which
■was identified, rightly or not, by Spren-
gel, as carlina acaulis. " Eberwurz,
" cardo [read carduus'] rotunda. Euer-
" -wurz, cardo pana, al. chamEeleon," Gl.
Hoffm. " Scissa," a gl. in Lye, perhaps
a genuine name. " Scasa, ebop)=poC8e,"
Gl. M.M. p. 162 b. " Colucus," Gl. Erux.
" Colicus," Gl. Cleop. " Colitus vel Colo-
" cus," Gl. Dun. ; -which I take to be mis-
readings of Co, for Cardo, and that for
Carduus, \evK6s. "Scasa vel scafa vel
" sisca," further, Gl. Dun. ; these are
attempts to read a crabbed MS. Also
" Anta," also " Borotium," Gl. Dun.,
the last being the English -word eoj:op,
boar, -with a Latin termination. Lb.
Li. 6; xxxviii. 10.

The x"M"'^^'^''> "which, by its name
must have hugged the ground, is wrongly
interpreted in Hb. xxvi., cliii., as a teazle,
•which has a strong long stem.

Colone, elene, gen. -an ; fem., elecampane,
inula helenium. Lb. I. xxxiv. 2, and
everywhere.

Colone Isefpe, flea hane, pulicaria dysen-
<er«ca, doubtless. Lb. ILlii. 1.

Copnlice, earnestly, " diligenter." Hb.
Ixxxvii. 2.

Gop'Ssealla, masc, gen. -an, Erythraa
centaureum, Bot. This is made the
same as Centaurea maior, Hb. xxxv.,
and the drawings in MSS. V. G. T. A.
represent ErythrcBa centaureum, which
is " intensely bitter." It is, however,
C. minor, not maior. In the pictorial
Apuleius, MS. Bodley, 130, Se mape

Cop'Sgealla — cont.

curmelle, is intended for feverfue,
Pyrethrum Parthenium, which is " herba
" amara, aromatica," Elor. Brit. " Cen-
" taurya maior . i . }>e more centore or
" erthe galle, his flowrs ben ^olow in be
" tope, etc." MS. Bodley, 536. Dorsten
agrees with us. He figures Eryth. cent.,
and says the greater centaury has leaves
like the walnut, green as the cabbage,
and serrated. " Eel terrse . centaurea .
" idem, muliebria educit .. habet in sum-
" mitate plures flores rubros," MS.
Rawlinson, c. 607, which describes
Erythrssa. " Centauria, cop's gealle [a],
Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 5. Lb. II. viii., etc.

Cop'Snafola, masc, gen. -an, earth navel,
asparagus officinalis. Hb. xcvii. 1,
"asparagi." So cxxvi. 2, masc. Oros.
iv. l=p. 380, 30.

Cop^pima, gen. -an ? masc. Lb. III. xli.
conjecturallypoteniiV/areptows, since pima
stands for peoma masc, as in co'Spima,
gl. for ro^peoma, cf Germ. Riem, masc,
a thong, a strap. The signification is
therefore '^ Earth cord;" this is not ap-
plicable to the dodder, which does not
touch the earth, and has its own Saxon
name bobbep, Mone, 287 a ; the straw-
berry, which is almost a potentilla, has
also its old English name ; the com-
mon jjofen^i'Z/a re/j tons is therefore most
likely.

Gop'S yps,neut.,gen. -ej*, ground ivy, glecho-
ma hederacea, the equivalent is Hedera
nigra, Hb. c, according to our botanists,
our common climbing Ivy is Hedera
helix, which name, however, in Plinius,
lib. xvi. 62, is given to a sort which has
no berries, " fructum non gignit." The
plant coil's yps would not be ground
ivy, for its cpoppaf or corjniibi are
mentioned, Hb. c. 3, but there is no
getting over the common voice of
England, which calls by the name
ground ivy, what is not ivy at all.
Hedera is of constant occurrence as ipj;,
and to be correct, the interpreter should

GLOSSARY.

;83

Cop's yps — cont.

have added nothing. Glechoma is Ger-
man Erd epheu ; French, le lierre ter-
restre ; Italian, ellera ten'estre ; Spanish,
hiedra terrestre ; Portuguese, hera ter-
restre. The errors lie perhaps in our
misunderstanding of the words Kiffads,
Hedera, -when used for that which is not
ivy.

Cop, Ip, masc, gen. -ef, the yew, taxus
baccata. Masc, C.E. p. 437, line 18.
" Ornus eoji," Gl. Somner, p. 65 a, 40,
only proves that the glossator did not
understand the word ornus as we do ;
whether current notions are correct
appears questionable ; but at any rate
the old folk of England know the yew
out of which they made their victory
giving bows. Cf. ohg. Iwa ; mod. g.
Eibe, fern., the yew ; Fr. If, masc. ; Ip is
masc, CD. 652.

Coji bejige, yew berry. Lb. III. Ixiii.

Copohumele. Lb. III. Ix., the female hop
plant. See )>ymele.

F.

Esep, Eep, gen. -es, masc, fever, febris,

Lb. I. contents, Ixii., a contraction of

pepo]i.
Fsetelpian, — obe, -ob, put into a vessel,

bottle off. Quad. i. 3.
Eeapn, neut., fern, Boet. p. 48, line 31.
paefc micle peapn, the mickle fern,

bracken, aspidiumftlix. Lb. I. Ivi.
Eeaj>, Lb. I. xxxv., as opposed to micel, is

paucus,pauculus, paidlus, little,Vike Goth.

Eaws, 1 Timoth. iv. 8. Hence, perhaps,

its construction with a genitive, Feapa

pxa, Matth. xv. 34, a few of fishes, like a

Few of us.
Feban, Lb. I. Ixiii., see Pref. vol. 1. p. xl.

Matter for conjecture. 8e beopa pea^
, bpeopse pebe'S, C.E. 94, 25, the deep pit
feedeth or keepeth them dreary.

Fepe]ipuse, gen. -ean ; fem. ? erythrcra
centaureum. Hb. xxxvi. Gl. Harl. 585.
Any wholesome bitter might be called
feverfue, serving the purpose now sers-ed
by quinine.

Felbmopu, " fieldmore," carrot or parsnep,
daucus cariota, or pastinaca sativa.
Though pastinaca, lib. Ixxxii., is now
decided to be a parsnep, yet the weight
of nearly cotemporary authority stands
for carot. In MS. Bodley, 130, the
glosses are "a carott," "flFeldmore."
" Daucus, wildmoren," Hortus Sanitatis,
and figures a carot. The Gl. Somn.
p. 64 a, 32, distinguishes "pastinaca,
" pelbmopa," (read -pu, as Gl. Dun.),
" Daucus, pealmopa [-pu] cariota palb-
" mopa ; " but the distinction between
a field root and a weald root is over
fine. " Pastinaca, imallimojiae," Gl.
M.M. The words should include both.
" Pastinaca domestica . i . parsnep." Gl.
Bodl. 536. The p. silvatica has been
improved by cultivation into p. sativa.

Felbpypc, gen. -e, fem., gentian, gentiana,
Hb. xvii., where the marginal note,
erythraea pulcella, describes the drawing
in MS. V. The reading pelpyjic of
Skinner and others, from Fel, gall, gives
us a hibrid word. Probably, as in
Esthonian, the earliest name was pelb-
hymele, field hop, the plant being em-
ployed as a substitute for hops in embit-
tering ale. Then as the appearance and
leaves negatived this name, it was ex-
changed for pelbpypc.

Fellepaepc, pyllepsepc, masc, epileptic con-
vulsions. Lb. II. i. 1. The word must
be interpreted in harmony with jylle-
seoc, pylleseocnyp. I had written so
much before I detected the equivalent
dpxojJ-^vas iiTi\n)y\/ias in Alex. Trallianus.

Felrjjypc, fem., gen. in -e, feltwort, verbas-
cum thapsus. Hb. Ixxiii. The reading
pelbpypc is a mistake, the felty leaves
give it the name, whence it is also
called in German Wollkraut ; mullein
also is supposed to be woollen. Felc

384

GLOSSARY.

Felrpypr — cont.

■was Latinised (Gl. Somn. p. 59 a, 58)
as feltrum, filtrum (John de Garlond,
p. 124); Dansk, filt, felt; Swedish, filt,
mase. feU; Germ., filz, masc. felt. The
drawing in MS. V. fol. 37 d, represents
the plant. " Filtrum terre, anglice lelt-
" wort vel molayn idem." Gl. Rawl.
c. 607. " Thapsus barbastus [read bar-
" hatus], G. moleyn, A. felwort." Gl.
Sloane, 5 ; so Gl. Sloane, 405. In Gl.
Somn. 63 b, 38, read Anadonia, yelr-
pypt. Teltwort yel hegetaper, Gl.
Arund. 42.

Fepbjiypt, fem., gen. in -e. Lb. I.
Ixxxvii.

Fep>e, masc, sound part? Lb. L i. 15.
" Probus ferth," Gl. M.M. p. 160 b, 20.
Leasyep'Snes, false probity, P.A. 59 b.
Sec yepe, Chron. 1016, and Layamon,
1052, 1075, 1055. But there is also a
syllable yep'Sin " j-eoluj-eja-S, tor ax." Gl.
C, that is, Oupa^, from perhaps Lorica,
p. Ixxii. Cf Gl. Cleop. fol. 85 b, and
yelufejiiS, ceniumpellio, Gl. Cleop. fol.
26 b, which appears to be an altered
form of centipedem. In these two words
it is possible that yeji-Se may signify
ring, which would suit Lb. well. So,
Fleoreubpa yep'S, C.E. 289, line 26, a
ring of floating ones. ? = ferci firci,^/,^^.^

Fic, Geps, masc, a disease known as ficus,
IvKri, '2,vKov, 'S.vKoiixa, 'S.vkuktis. In the
Lb. I. ii. 22, the disease " fig " is said to
be x^h'-^'^'-^^ ^ moisture in the skin en-
closing the eyes (Florio), but without
exactly negativing that statement we
must bend to an overwhelming weight
of testimony, and accept it as an excre-
scence like a fig with an ulcer, so called
from a fig bursting with fatness, " ficus
" hians prte pinguedine." It affects all
parts of the body which have hair, espe-
cially the eyebrows, beard, head, and
anus ; and it was sometimes called
marisca. Dioskor. i. 100 ; Pollux from
Apsyrtus, iv. 203 ; Celsus, vi. 3 ; Paulus
^gineta, iii. 3 ; Psellus in Ideleri Phys.,

Fic — cont.

vol. i. p. 223, 704 ; Pollux, iv. 200 ;
Aetius; Martialls; Hippokrates, p. 1085
H. ; Oribasius ap. Phot, p. 176, 3 ;
Schol. Aristoph. Pan., 1247. These
references I have taken from the Paris
ed. of Etienne. The name was in con-
stant technical use among mediaeval
medical writers. '• Contra ficum arden-
" tem," "Contra ficum sanguinolen-
" tum," " Contra ficum corrodentem,"
" Contra ficum nomere facientem." MS.
Sloane, 146, fol. 28. Haemorrhoids are
ficblattern in the [H]ortus Sanitatis. In
Florios time (1611) fico in Italian had
been reduced to " a disease in a horses
"foot." Cotgrave (1673) has "fie, a
" certain scab, or hard, round, and red
" sore, in the fundament." " Fijck,
" tuberculum acutum cum dolore et
" inflammatione," (Kilian). It was a
running sore, Lb. I. xxxix. ; it was
equivalent to J^eopabl, Lb. I. ii. 22.
Written Uic, and masc, Lacn. 6 ; 44,
following the Latin usage.

" Dicemus ficus quas scimus in arbore
" nasci,
" Dicemus ficos, Cseciliane, tuos."
Martialis, I. 66.
Hie fygus, the fyge. Wrights Gl. p. 224.
Filb, Lb. I. Ixvii., with Filbcimib, Lb. III.
liii., may be taken to mean the milk
drawn at one milking from how many cows
soever; commonly called the mornings
milk, the evenings milk. In a dairy every
several milking is kept separate. ^
FiUe, an apocopate form of cepplle, chervil,
anthriscus cerefolium, as clearly appears
from a comparison of the poetical names,
Lacn. 46, with the same in prose. " Cer-
" folium . i . cerfoil . i . villen," Gl. Harl.
978 (A.D. 1240).
FleaJ'e, )leo)?e, fem., gen. -an, tvater lily,
Nymphcea alba, N. lutea. Lb. II. Ii. i. 3.
" Nimfea, 1 , fleaperr," MS. Ashmole,
1431, fol. 19. *' Nympha, fleathorvyrt,"
Gl. Dun. But " flatter dock, pondweed,
" potamogeiton," Gl. Chesh.

GLOSSARY.

.385

Fleosan,j^ow, not " fly." Lb. III. xxii.

Fleocpypc, fern., gen. -e, " floatwort," Lb.

IL lii. 1. " Algea, flotvyrt," GL Dun,

" Alga," Gl. M. I fear the description

, is too vague, Potamogeitun Jluitans '/

Sparganiiwi nutans? Lemna?

Flecan, yliecan. 1. Found only in T^\.,fleet-
ings, Jiasty curds, skimmed, but yet not
cream, Lb. IIL x. ; I. ii. 23. " After the
" curd for making new milk cheese is
" separated from the whey, it is set over
" tiie fire, aud when it almost boils, a
" quantity of sour butter milk is poured
" into the pan, and the mixture is gently
" stirred. In a few minutes the curd
" rises to the surface, and is carefully
" skimmed off with a fleeting dish into
" a seive, to drain." (Carrs Craven Gl.)
" Sarrasson, fleetings or hasty curds,
" scumd from the whey of a new milk
" cheese," (Cotgrave.) Of. Wilbraham
and Mr. Ways Promptorium.

2. In singular, cream, as Lye ; used
in this sense, Lb. I. xliv. 2. The com-
mon notion of these two senses, is
skimmbujs.

Fnccj-tia'S, Lib. II. xxxvi. If the passage
be without en-oi', which is hardly to be
supposed, ynsej-cia'S must be a plural.
Fnajsc is masc, and makes ace. I'one
ynaesr, Ai5a|. 28,51 ; therefore we should
perhaps read ynsesras.

Fojibejian, prast. bseji, p. part, bojien, re-
strain, cohihere, continere. Hb. iv. 9.
Lib. I. xlv. 6, in a special sense, conti-
nere, render continent, tie with a knot of
poison. See preface, on knots. To this
binding down the instincts by herbs,
allude the glosses, " obligamentum, lyb-
" lyjefn ;" " Obligamentum, lyb," Gl.
Cleop. fol. 69 a, fol. 71 b; Gl. M.M.
p. IGO a, 22, where lib is (papjxaKov and
liyesn, (pvKaKTrjpiov, an amulet; galbo]!
oSiSe hyej-ne, Beda, p. 604, 9. In the
Njal saga, Una, virgin wife of Ilrut,
thus tells her tale, attributing the mis-
fortune to something that had poisoned
him :

voif^L

Fopbejian — ront.

Vist hefir hringa hristir

Hrutr likama I'rutinn

eitrs ]>a. en linbe'Ss leitar

lundygr munu'5 dryia.

Known has Hrut,

the ring bestower,

his body bloat

with venom vile,

when he would, with all goodwill,

in linen white,

in bleached bed,

the bliss enjoy

of loves delights

with me the lass

he wooed and wed.
Cf. pypcyopbojie. Lb. III. i. Fo])beiian
is restrain, Bw. 3748.
Fopcuuolfcan, to swallow. Lb. I. iv. 6.

Cf. Qvolk, gullet, ^iroat (Molbech).

Fojinesey yolm, " Fornjots palm," sonic

herb ; Lb. I. Ixx. Ixxi. Gl. Cleop. fol.

65 b, which gl. only translates ]olni,

riiamis. Cf. Gorfaers na;gler, pihrmsciie)-

]iy]it, SigniDsrts cruyt = Signiunds kraut.

Fopjieaxen ; that this word has been

rightly read overgrown, appears by lib.

ii. 4, and by 'Sy Iedj- hie ~o 'Sfcm j'op-

peoxen ^sec hie yopyeapoben -j "Sy

un])ce)-'5mb8e]J]iau jjsejien, P.A. .54 b.

Lest they overgrew to that degree that

they withered and were thus less fertile.

Fopt>ylmian. See pelma.

Foe, masc, foot, pi. j:er, as Mark ix. 45 ;

but yocas, G'S. 114. Lb.
Foxej- clace, fem., gen. -an, " fox clote,"
Arctium lappa. Lb. I. Ixix. iSee Clate.
Foxey j:oc, bur reed, Sparganinm simplex.
In Hb. xlvii. is ^i(j>iov. By the drawing
in MS. G. this seems to have been
understood as the German Schwertel-
riei = Sparga7iiu7n simplex, the burs on
which may account for the name foxes
foot. Hares foot is a name similarly
given. The drawing in MS. V. is much
eaten out. " Xifion, foxes fot," Gl. Dun.,
copied from Hb. So Gl. Laud. 507.
B B

386

GLOSSARY.

Fo^ojin, masc, gen. -ty, tenaculum, in a

surgeons case of instruments. Lb. I.

vi. 7. Taken as a compound of yon, to

catch, and )>opn.
Fpampeapbej-, in a direction away from,

Lb. I. Ixviii. 1.
Fulbeam, fulanbeam, masc, gen. -ej-, the

black alder, rhamnus franyula. Lb. I.

xxxii. 4.

G.

Gasel, Lb. I. xxxvi. ; Gazelle, Gagille,
fern. ? gen. -an. Lb. II. li. 1 ; 11. liii. ;
III. xiv., sweet gale, Myrica Gale.
But sageles, Lacn. 4.

Galluc, masc, comfrey, Symphytum offi-
cinale. "Simphitone, the hearbe Alo,
" Confrey or wallwort of the rocke,"
(Florio). So Hb. Ix., Gl. Dun. copy-
ing Hb. "Cumfiria," Gl. Harl. 978
(A.D. 1240). " Adriatica vel malum
" teiTS!, salluc," Gl. Somn.p. 66 [63],
1. 9. If tbis means that the earth apple,
-whether Cyclamen or Bunium, is galluc,
the statements above must be preferred.
Copied into Gl. Dun, Occ. Lb. 1.
xxvii. 1, masc.

Gapclij-e, agrimony, agrimonia eupatoria.
Hb. xxxii. Gapcliye is also the gloss of
Agrimonia in Gl. Dun. and Lb. II. viii.
Gl. Sloane, 146. MS. G. draws a rude
likeness of agrimony, and MS. T. at-
tempts apyefjiwvT], papaver argemone.
The word Agrimonia is said to be a
corruption of Argemone, Plinius,
xxvi. .59, but those who choose to enter
into the subject of the Latin names had
better compare Dioskor. ii. 108, who
speaks of a poppy. Gap, a spear, is
evidently the first element in the name
of the plant, the spike of which rises
like a narrow dagger above the grass :
clije is, perhaps, connected with our
ClifiF, and with Hhjrian, to tower.

Gacerjieo]>, neut., gen. -ev, the nettle tree,
the tree lotus, celtis australis. Lb. I.
xxxvi. Somners conjectiire is wholly
an error, his tree is the Gattridge tree.
" Geizpoum, lothon ; [AwrtJs, genus
" arboris, latine mella]," Gl. Hoffin.

Geacej" yxxyie, gen. -an, cuckoo sorrel, wood
sorrel, oxalis Acetosella. Proofs abound.
Lb. I. ii. 13, 22.; III. xlviii.

Geagl, neut. and masc, gen. -ej-, the jowl,
the fleshy parts attached below the lower
jaw. Lb. I. i. 16, 17.; iv. 3.

Gealla, masc, gen. -an. 1. Gall, bile. 2. A
gall, a fretted place on the skin, intertrigo.
Lb. 1. Ixxxviii.

Gea]iu]'e, gaapujie, gajijie, fem., gen. -an,
yarrow, Achillea millefolium.

Seo jieabe gappe, red yarrow, Achillea
tomentosa. Lb. III. Ixv.

Gebjiaeceo, cough, tiissis, Hb. cxxiv., cxxvi.
Gl. in MS. H. Hose, cough, SH. p. 26.

Gebjiocum, with fragments, Lb. II. Ivi. 3.
Cf. Scipsebpoc, Lye.

Gecypnab, granulated, Lb. I. Ixxv. Cf.
ohg. Kirnjan, nucleare ; Isl. at Kyrna, to
granulate.

Gec]ij-pau, prset. -pee, p.p. -pc, contract =
Old Dansk Kreppa, contrahere. Lb. II.
Ivi. Hence Cripple.

Geps, Geyeh, neut. 1. a joining, a joint,
coynmissura, compago, (Lye, etc., JEG.
often.)

2. glue. Lb, I. ii. 2. Cf Umbifangida,
glutinum, in GraflF., and Kauahsa ( =
gefahsa), purgamenta, the parings of
hides and hoofs from which glue is
made, id. HI. 421 . Cf also many entries
in 422.

Genii)jeb, dense with boughs, from ITU'S,
forest, opacus, Hb. i. 1, where the
Saxon made no error, pa jiaef an pm- ^
rpeop PI'S t cempl sejin'Seb, M.H. 183
b. There loas then a pine tree opposite
the temple thick icith foliage.

Gesyman, prset. -«*e, p. part. -eb. to over-
look. Lb. IIL Ixv. A man is overlooked
when one having the power of witch-

GLOSSARY.

:iS7

Gej;yman — cuiif.

craft has set designs against him. An ap-
proach to this sense of the Saxon -word
is found in )>e eobe on j-umey Fajiipea
ealbiie)" huy on p8efteb8ej;e "p he hla)'
ajce . T his besymbon hyne. Luke xiv.
1 . Warlock hatred has a blasting effect.
This faith is strong in Devonshire ; they
say that the witch has no power over the
firstborn.

Geheinan, to extol, laudibus ampliarc. lib.
Ivii. 2. Simple vb. in diett.

Gehlenceb, linked. Lb. III. Iv. Sec the
- passage. )>lencan, links, found as yet in
pi. only; Elene, 47, Csedm. ? MS., p.
154, line 9, but probably masc, as old
Dansk, Hlekkr, a c/iaiH, masc. ; Dansk,
Lasnke, not neuter ; Swed., La;nk, masc.
Translate in Ccedm.? have their linked
mail coats.

Gehnaican, praet. -ce, p. part. -j;b, to twitch.
lib. cxlviii. 1., clxiii. 6. Paris Ps. ci.
8, allidere. Of. Hnykkja in Egilsson,
prose sense, vellere.

Gehjieo]!]', gen. -es, a turning, also a ver-
tebra. Lb. II. xxxvi., so Laws of
iEJpelstan, 10, var. lect. Cf. Hpiop):ban,
Lorica, Ixxi.

Gelejeh, corrupted. Lb. 11. xxxvi. p. 244.
Hoot Ley, mischief.

Gehclic, proper, consentaneus. Lb. II.
xvi. 1.

Gelobj'ypc, fem., gen. -e, silver weed, jwten-
tiUa anserina. Its leaves resemble the
human spine, gelobjie, with the ribs.
" Ileptaphyllon," Gl. in Lye. Gl. Dun.
Lb I. xxxii. 3 ; xxxviii. 11.

Genifebla, masc, gen. -an, talk. Lb. III.
Ivii., from mseblan, to talk, C.E. 82,
14, MS. reading,

GenaeSa, pi. ephippia, a packsaddle.
clerice, p. Ix. Visibly related to ohg.
Ginait, consutus. That Ge signifies and
is identical with Con, together, see SSpp.
art. 261, a large induction. The Gemian
Niihen, to sew, exhibits the remainder of
the root. But, as Wachter truly says,
it is sufficiently manifest, that the word

Genae'Sa — cont.

has suffered sincopation, and that in its
original form it had a D or T, as Neten,
or Neden. So that it is related to Nfcbel,
needle. " Ouh sih tharzua ni nahit ]
" uuiht thes ist ginait." Et se ad hoc
non approximat quicquam eius, quod est
netum. Otfrid Euangel. IV. xxix. 17,
ed. Schilter ; " ioh| unginaten redinou ;
et inconsutili arte. Ibid. 64.

Geo]iman leay, all the gll. interpret ma/hur,
but gl. C. writes geajipan leay, yarrow-
leaf, or leaves ; explaining the word
j^eojiman, but rendering the tradition
doubtful, for no mallow has leaves like
yarrow. Ld. vol. I. p. 380. Lb. I.
xxvii. I. ; xxxiii. 1., etc.

Geycabpypc, fem., gen. -e, an herb un-
certain. "Berbescum [^readVcrhascum'],
" gescadvyrt," Gl. Dun., Gl. Sloane, 140.
" Ilerbescum," id. " Talumbus, gej-calb-
" j'ypt)" Gl. Cleop. ; j;ej-cabjiy]ic, Gl.
M.M., p. 164 a, 4., read fio\i<pOaKfxoi',
^eycabjiyjic, that is to say, Oxeyc,
whether Anthemis tinctoria, as in Hb.
clxi., or Chrysanthemum leucanthcmum,
not distinguished from the other by our
folk. Lb. II. liii.

Gej-ceopy, neut., abrasion. Lb. II. i. xxxv.

Geyeap, juicy. Lb. II. xliii., as ^ebea]',
dewy.

Gespset, see Spaec, Lb. I. i. 15.

Gesjiac, sweaty. Lb. I. xxvi. Cf. Gej-ea]).

Gej-jieopy, gej-]'y]i):, gen. -ey, filings, lima-
tura, Hb. ci. 3. See Sjiypyan, also Aji-.

Gej-j)0]'un5, fem., gen. -e, swooning, Lb. II.
i. 1, in Trallianus crvyKOTrr], the syncope
of modern medical phraseology. Lb. II.
xvi. 1. Geswogen betwux Sam of-
slegenum, Horn. II. 356, m a swoon
among the slain. From this form comes

SWOON.

Getajia, pi. only (as yet), tools, instruments,
DD. p. 470, 2. Lb. I. xxix., where it is
instrumenta virilia.

Geceab, prepared, paratus. Lb. II. xxix.
See Teagan.

B B 2

188

GLOSSARY.

Gecenge, incident, contingent, which is
of the same component parts ; so also
Ti/7xdj'6ij', where the ng sound is radical.

Getpi)ulan, to ruh down, triturare, Lb. I.
i. 9, etc. C£ TpiHiiv.

Gejiealb, nent., the natura, inyuen, lib. civ.
2, pi., Hb. V. 5 ; GL Priid. p. 140 b.
The devil got a horn of an ox, -] mib
l>am hojine hme Ji}'be on 'p jepealb fjn'Se,
MH. 190 a, a7id with it struck a monk of
St. Martins in the private part severely.

Gepune, as a pi. adj., customai-y. lib. Ixviii.

Gejjpepan, praBt. se>]'eo)i,p.part. sejjjmjien,
Sejnijien, to turn, as cream to butter, milk
to curd, to alter, converter e, Lb. I. xliv. 2.
Bu-e]i5el)j>eo]i translates " butyrura " in
the Colloquium M., p. 28, but not quite
correctly. liamejie gej'ujien, Beowulf,
2.5G4, poetically consolidated by the ham-
mer. C.E. 497, 16.

GicJ'a, masc. ? hicket, hiccup, Lb. contents,

I. xviii., answering to geocsa, geohsa, in
the text ; coxing for hicketing is fre-
quent in English, in a later stage. Hick,
hickse, singultus, convulsio vcntriculi
(Kilian).

2. Masc, itch, prurigo. Lb. II. xli. ult. ;

II. Ixv, 5 ; Hom. I. 86, where the true
translation is ascertainable from tiie
original passage of Josephus, Kvr\an6s.
Translates prwr/^o. P. A. 15 b.

Gillijreji, 5eolh)-co]i, neut., ratten, pus,
matter, sanies. Lb. Li. 17 ; Beda, p. .'589,
line 3, var. lect. Virus, geolrep (so), Gl.
Mone, p. 430 a. Dansk, Qualster, thich
moist slime, pa gilscjie. Lacn. 1.

Gillijtpe, fem., gen. -an, ratten, etc. Lb. I.
i. 3. Virus, ^eolrtpc, Gl. Mone, p. 432 b.
" Pituita," Gl. M.M.

G^yc,va^%(i., yeast, fermentum ex cerevisia.
Lb. II. li. 1. lib. xxi. 6.

Girpije, syShjioye, fem., gen. -an, cockle,
Agiustemma githago. The syllable jnje,
as in Iledgeriffe, refers to the roughness
of the plant. " The whole is rough,
" with hoary upright bristles," (Sir
J. E. Smith), "Gith, cokkell," Gl.

GirjMj'e, l^ycihjioje — cont.

Ilarl. 3388. But in Gl. Cleop. Lassar
vel jEsdre ; where Laser is Fenda assa-
fcetida. Lb. I. i. 5 ; xxxviii. 4, 5, etc.

Git-e, an herb, probably Gi'S. Lb. II.
xxxix.

(ii'Scopn, the seeds of daphne laureola, the
spurge laurel. Hb. cxiii. ; Plinius, xiii.
35. They are taken medicinally, and are
like poppy seeds (Theofrastos, ix. 24).
They are so hot they were wrapped in
fat or crumb. Ibid. More exactly the
seeds of D. Gnidium ; see the Latin of
Apuleius ; but that is not English, and
I have not supposed it imported. The
name kSkkoi KvlSwi refers to their em-
ployment as purgatives by the early
Knidian school of medicine.

2. Agrostemma githago, drawn to Hb.
cxiii. in MS. V, fol. 49 a, and in MS.
A. A plant is mentioned. Lb. II. Ixv.,
not a grain. MS. Bodley, 130, glosses
" Lathyris, febecorn," sieve corn.

Glrebene, gen. -an, gladden. Iris pseuda-
corus. As a Latinism I would have
passed by this word ; but Sir J. E.
Smith in Flora Britannica has made
" Gladwyn " Iris fatidissima : hence
I quote. " Gladiolus . i . . . . habet cro-
" ceum florem . yris . purpureum florem
" gerit . alia alba. Gladiolus croceum
" sed spatula ftetida nullum," MS. Eaw-
linson, c. 607. " Gladiolus florem habet
" croceum spatula fcetida nvillum," MS.
Harl. 3388. " Gladiolus Acorns . gla-
" dene," id. I observe, however, that
if we take Sir J. E. Smiths words,
" stinking iris or gladwyn," as the same
words were understood in the old her-
bals, they mean stinking iris or stinking
gladderi.

Glappan, perhaps from glappe, as herbs
commonly are feminine in the an declen-
sion: perhaps buckbean, mcnyanlhes tri-
foliata, Germ. Klappen, vol. I., p. 399,
where the construction may be plural.
Cf. slasppan, CD. 057. Thorpe compared
Lappa, but that is elate, everywhere. n;

GLOSSARY.

389

Glojpypr, fern., gen, -e ; 1. convallnria
maialis, It/i/ of the raUe]/ : drawn, hut
without the hlooms, at Hb. art. xxiii., in
MSS. A., G., T. glossed " clofwort" in
a hand of the 14th century, MS. Ilarl.
1585, a copy of Apuleius. The blooms
are drawn MS. Bodley, 130, and glossed
" foxes glove," but it is convallaria, not
digitalis, that is drawn. " Apollinaris,
" goldwort," Gl. Rawl. c. 500. " Apol-
" linaris, golewort," Gl. Ilarl. 3388.
" Apollinaris, glofwert," Gl. M.

2. Biighssa, Hb. xlii. 1, the same as
" houndstongue," cijnoghssum officinale,
or perhaps h/copsis arve?isis.

Gonian, pi. 1. the fauces, the bach of the
mouth : it translates (pdpvyya, Hb. clxxxi.
2. Paris Ps. Ixviii. 3, cxviii. 103. C.E. p,
303, 31 ; p. 364, 26. Luporum faucihus,
j'ulja jomum, Reg. Concord. Fauces,
?;oman, Gl. Cleop.

2. the (junis ; see Lye. The gums are
mostly to'5)ieoman, tooth straps.

Gonj;e]'ac}iie, gen. -an, o. gavgicay veavcr,
a spider, aranea viatica. Lb. III. xxxv.

Giieacepyjic, fern., gen. -e, meadoio saffron,
culchicum autumnale. In Hb. xxii. Hieri-
bulbus, which according to Zedler is
colchicum ; and this plant is drawn in
MS. G. ; with broader leaves in MSS.
V. T. : the artist in MS. A, has taken
the liberty of turning the bulb into a
costly flower pot. " Hieribulbura, greate
" vyrt. Hierebulbum, cusloppe," that is,
cowslipl Gl. Dun. " Hierobulbus, col-
" chicum,''' Humelberg, an editor of Apu-
leius. If the Saxon translator put the
name on the sight of the drawing only,
he may have meant by grcatwort, man-
gold wiirzel. Some make Hieribulbus,
allium Ascalonicum, eschallot, hut that
will not pass for greatwort. See al.su
Ilpejipe.

In Lb. II. Hi. 1, greatwort has a rind
to be scraped off: it is to be dug up too.

Gjiunberj'yliSe, fem., gen. -an, groundsel,
seriecio vulgaris, Lb. I. ii. 13 ; I. xxii.
lib. Ixxvii. etc.

Gput, fem. neut., Boeth., p. 94, 3, indecl.,
(jrout, the vet residuarj/ materials of malt
liquor, condimentum cerenisifc. Dutch,
grauwt (Kilian). Lb. HI. lix. The term
is now applied also to the settlings in a
tea or coffee cup. " Wort of the last
" running," Carr.

Gunb, masc, ratten, virus, viridcvt waller.
Lb. I. iv. 2, 3,

K.

)>ae)e]in, l^aebejin, masc, gen. -ej-, a crab
(cancer), masc. Lb. I. iv. 2.

Ilseyte, neut., a haft, manubrium. Lb. II.
Ixv. Somner cited it right.

]>8e)i)-cea]ab, neut., hairlip. Lb. I. xiii.

Ilaesel, gen. -es, -les, masc, the hazic,
cort/lus, C.D. 624. Lb. I. xxxviii. 8 ;
IL lii.=p. 270.

Ilseslen, ofhazle, colurnus; Lb. I. xxxix. 3.

Hfepen hybele ; Hb. xxx. The various
reading is instructive ; Ilnybele, which
is close akin, apparently, to Netele, and
Kavvajiis : and the Brittanica of the
A^ienna drawings (See pref. Vol. I., p.
Ixxxi.) is so vim.ch.\\\<i.Q Lamium purpu-
rcum, the red dead nettle, that there arises
11 fair presumption this is the true identi-
fication. Lacn. 2. The gU. support
Cochlearia Anglica. (Lyte, index)
Plora Britannica, by Sir J. E. Smith,
riorio. Fig. in MS. V. There were
other Brittanicas. Sprengcl holds that
the BperovviKT] of Dioskorides is Rumcx
aquaticus.

l^se^bejisean pi)-e, gen. -an, fem., heath
berry plant, bilberry plant, vacciniam.
Lb. III. Ixi.

Ijajocpyjic, fem., gen. -e ; perhaps hawh-
iveed, Hieracium. Lb. I. xiv. In all
Teutonic languages,

Jialan, " secundaj," secundina;, the after-
birth. Quad. vi. 25. The analogies
require )>amlan. " Inluvies secundarum,
" hama," Gl. C. " Hamme, sectmda:,"
(Kilian). " Ileara, secundince," Nemnich.
Germ. Ham en : etc., etc

390

GLOSSARY.

J>alrj'yjic must have been Campanula
trachelium, which in Danslc is Halsurt;
iu German, Ilalswurz, Halskraut ; in
Dutch, Ilalskruid. It is said to have
obtained these names from being used
for inflammations in the throat. In
English it is Throatwort.

2. Bupleiirwn tenuissimum, Haresear,
" auris leporis, haiyvyV^" Gri. Somn.
p. 63 b, line 48. " Auricula leporina,
" halswort," Gl. Harl. 3388. " Auri-
" cula leporina, halswort," MS. M. So
Gl. Dun.

3. Scilla autumnalis, MS. G. figure,
fol. 1 8 b. = Narcissus, Herb. Ivi. = Bulbus,
text of lib. cix. Narcissus, Gl. Dun.,
probably from Hb.

4. Symphytum album, Hb. cxxviii.,
seems unsupported. Epicosium, GL
Dun.

The figure in MS. V. Ivi. to my sense
is C. Trachelium, with the bell flowers
spoiled ; to Dr. H. " a boraginaceous
" plant."
))amoji)iyi)t;, fem., gen. -e, parietaria
officinalis ? as appears by a gl. in MS.
II. on Herb, art Ixxxiii. So Gl. Brux.,
and Gerarde. Grimm Mythol. speculates
(12G), thinking that perhaps Thors ham-
mer is alluded to in the name. Lb. I.
xxxi. 9. Since hamojipyjic and bol-
j;)iune are mentioned together in Lb. I.
xxv. 1, there is much doubt in the
interpretation. Leechdoms, Vol. I. p.
374. Lacn. 1, 2, 6.

Is not hamo)i)'ypc the same as Hem-
briswort, hellis perennis, and derived
from Ilamoji, a bird, such as the Yellow-
hammer, Emberiza? See Secg.
)>anbpypm, masc, gen. -er, an insect sup-
posed to produce disease in the hand ;
\_cirio'], curio, cirus. Wrights vocab. p.
177, p. 190., from x«'V- " Surio velbrien-
" sis vel sirineus, hanbpyjmi," Gl. Somn.
p. GO a, 25, which is to read by the
preceding, the hissing sound being given
to the letter C. So Gl. Harl. 1002.
Prompt. Parv., vol. I. p. 225.

liapan hyge, "■ haresfoot" (trefoil), Tri-
foliiim arvense. In Hb. Ixii., Leporis
pes, haresfoot; the connexion of hy?;e
with the verb " to hie " is plain. Gl.
Dun. copies. The artist in V. has
omitted, as was the manner, the third
leaflet of the trefoil, and the heads are
eaten up. MS. A. has clover heads.
MS. G. draws Geum urbanum, another
harefoot, and glosses it, " Hasin uuohh "
" Benedicta," herb bennet. The later
hand in B. also glosses Avens. But
Fuchsius, the link between us and the
middle ages, is clear as to the trefoil
both by name and figure.

)>apanj"pecel, -j-ppecel, vipers bvgloss,
Echium vulgare. Speckle in our usage,
the verb frequentative, in this case the
frequentative adjective of speck, j-pecca,
masc, (as MS.) is very applicable to this
herb : hare only means that where hares
live, it lives. Lb. I. xxxii. 2, 4 ; Ixxxvii.
Spreckle is now a Scotch and Suffitlk
form for Speckle. " Eicios, hai'au-
" speccel," Gl. Mone, p. 321 a. "Echius,
" Echiimi," Gl. in Lye. " Ecios, haran-
" sveccel," Gl. Dun. Eicios, hajiau
)-peccel, Gl. Brux.

l^ajianjiyjic, JJapepypc, fem., gen. -e. The
little harewort oftenest groweth in gar-
dens, and hath a white flower. Lb.
I. Ixi. 1 ; I. Ixxxviii. ; IH. Ix. ; II.
Ixv. 5.

)>a]>bbeam, masc., gen. -ef, sycomore,
acer pseudoplatanus. The translation of
sycomore in the Lindisfarne Gospels,
Luke xix. 4. The true sycomore is not
English. Vol. I., p. 398, where the
saparation of the elements makes no
diff'erence.

Hares lettuce, Prenanthes muralis. lib.
cxiv. Lactuca or Lactuca siluatica,
MS. T. The prenanthes m. is drawn in
MS. T., and it is equivalent in German
to Hasenlattich, in Dansk to Vild latuk.
It is also drawn in MS. Bodley, 130, and
glossed " slepwert." "Lactuca leporina
" i . wyld Ictys, and he has leues like

GLOSSARY.

391

Hares lettuce — cont.

" sowthestyU," MS. Bodley, 53G. Tlie
figures in MSS. V., G., A. are of no
account.

Ilatian, translates graoari. Lb. II. xxv.

]>a)>oh))e ? fem. ? declined in -an ; pro-
bably elbow joint. The word is com-
pounded of the syllable ha}>, which is
found in )>ea'5ejiian, cohihere (Boet.
xxxix. 5 ; Beda, iv. 27 ; C.E.p. 401, 17,
where the fac simile of the MS. reads
mec not me, p. 482, 5, and in Umbe-
hathlichiu, nexilis, in Graflf. iv. 805,)
and ofJA\>,ajoint; it signifies, therefore,
the nex'ile joint, or the fast tied joint.
The patient was to be bled on it. The
fastest tied joint on which a patient can
well be bled is the elbow. Somner
conjectured, probably from knowledge of
the Latin, vena axillaris; that is the same
vein, t)\v iv ayKccvi, r^v virh /xaffX^^^Wj
says Trallianus (p. 127, ed. 1548).

)>eahheale}>e, )ieahhiolo)>e, itiula helenium ;
See eh. Lb. I. xxxix. 2, etc. " Hiunula
" campana, ho'?^fellen," Gl. Laud, 567,
i.e., Horse Helenium.

iJealebe, belly bursted, hertiiosus, Gl. Somn.
p. 71 b, 60. Hb. Ixxviii. 2, where ad
ramicem pneri, Lat. ; " Ponderosus," in
Lye, which means not " weighty," but
bursted; " Ponderosus, hernia laborans "
(verba improbata in Bailey) ; Haull,
masc, hernia (Islandic) ; i> cilb bilS
hoppobe T healebe (MS. Cott. Tiber.
A. iii. fol. 41), the child shall be hump-
backed and bursted. SH. 23.

)>eal}:, neut., the half, dimidium, pars
dimidia. Lb. II. ii. 2. )>eal}:, side,
quarter is fem.

Healy heapb, half head; JE.G. 14, line 24,
distinctly defines as the sinciput, the for-
ward half; (hoc sinciput), heal}: lieayob ;
hoc occiput, ]-e fcjxpa bsel i'sej' heaybej-.

)>eal): pubu, masc, gen. -bej-, field balm,
calamintha nepeta, Lb. I. xlvii. 2.

" jZidebalme . i . halue pude," Gl.
Harl. 978. This plant was placed by
Linnaeus as Melissa ; it is perennial.

Dealm, neut., halm, calamus. Gabjiion
himj-ylfe -p healm. Exod. v. 7. Lb. 1.
Ixxii.

Heap, Lb. I. ii. 21, austere. Cf Ileojio,
sword, C.E. 346, and its senses as a
prefix.

HebcIaS, a coarse upper garment. Quad. iv.
1 7. " Heben, casla," gl. C, that is, a
chasuble. " Heben gunna," gl. C. gunny
cloth. Ne haibbe he on heben ne caeppan,
DD. 348, ix. Let him have oji neither
chasuble nor cope ; the English rite. Cf.
IleSinn, a kirtle or cape of skiii, in
Islandic. (Jonsson.)

Deseclije, fem., gen. -an, hedge clivers,
cleavers, clivers, Galium wparme, Lb. I. ix.

liej^epiye, gen. -an, fem. ? " hedgeruff,"
'' hayreve," Galium aparine. " Rubia
" minor, HayreflF oJ>er aron \i-ead Ilay-
" renn ?] is like to wodruff, and \>q sed
" tuchid will honge in oneis cloj'is,"
MS. Sloane, 5, fol. 29 a. " Rubia minor
" cleuer heyreue," Gl. Harl. 3388. Lb.
I, xxxii. 4; I. Ixiv.

)>elbe, tansy, tanacetum vidgare, " Tana-
" ceta," Gl. Somn. p. 66 [63] b, 22. So
Gl. Jul., Gl. Dun., Gl. Harl. 978 (A.D.
1240); Tenedisse,Gl. Brux., also " Arti-
" mesia hilde," Gl. Dun., but the tansy
is generically akin to the mugwort.
Lb. L xxvi. Ai5a|. 58.

l>emlic, gen. -e, also -an ; hemlock, co-
nium maculatum. Other plants may be
sometimes called hemlock, for the um-
bellate herbs require educated eyes, but
this is the starting point for English
notions. Cicuta virosa is water hem-
lock (Sir J. E. Smith) ; " Cicuta,"
Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 47, classically right,
though botanically wrong ; for it fol-
lows from Plinius, xxv. 95, that Kwveiuv
= cicuta. Ace. Hymlican. Lb. I. i. 6.
Has a masc. adj. Lacn. 71; dat. hym-
lice. Lb. I.lviii. 1.

)>eopocbpembel, masc, gen. -ey, the buck-
thorn, rkamnus. " Ranno, Christs thorne,
" Harts thorne. Way thorne, Bucke
" thorne, or Rainberry thorne," Florio

392

GLOSSARY.

)>eo)iocb]jembel — cont.
Lb. III. xxix. 1. The berries are exceed-
ingly loved by stags, Cotgrave, v. Eour-
daine. Gerarde.

lieojiofc cjiop, Lb. I. vi. 3, probably a
bunch of the flowers of hart wort, or
seseli. (Nemnich, Cotgrave.)

]>eo)iC cl3C):]ie, hcn't clover or medic, medi-
cago maculata. In lib. xxv. Hart clover
is made germander, tcucrium chama'drijs,
and there is no doubt about the identity
of germander with the chamscdrys
of the Latin ; the name germander is a
gradual alteration fi-om the Hellenic
■word, and in MS. G. the plant is drawn.
In MSS. "V. and A. we see something
more like anagallis arvensis, but we must
make concessions to these old artists.
There is, however, no doubt but that
clffijjie is clover, " trifillon [_trefoil'], clfc-
" )iie," Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 3. " Trifo-
" Hum rubrum, reade cleaure," Gl. Dun.
" Calesta vel calcesta, hvit cleaure," Gl.
Dun. That we find " trifolium, s^ace-
" rupe," Gl- Somn. p. 66 [63] b, line 11,
may be satisfactorily explained by look-
ing at the Oxalis Acetosella, -which
is a trefoil sorrel, abounding in groves
and thickets in the spring. The same
wort is meant by " Calcitulium, geaces
" swre," Gl. Dun. ; for calta is clover
with the Saxons ; " Calta siluatica, vude
" cleaure," Gl. Dun. ; " wood sorrel "
is a frequent name of it at this day ; it
was panis cuculi, Fr. pain de cocu (Lyte).
The tradition of the word " hart " is
sufficient for us ; probably, however,
in. falcata and m. sativa were embraced
under the name. These were once known
as "horned clauer," or clover (Lyte);
and since the melilot m. officinalis, was
called hart clauer in Yorkshire (Gerarde),
that also may have been set down for a
vaiiety. Culpepor calls melilot, kings
claver. " Cenocephaleon [AeaJCyno-],
" heort cleaure," Gl. Dun., may be a
misreading of a drawing, since toadflax
and melilot hang their heads in the same

)>eopt clseyjie — cont,
manner. " Camedus," Gl. Brux., that
is, chanicedrys, germander.

^^yy ? gG°' ~C' fem., hive. Hb. vii. 2. Lye.
Leechd. Vol. I. p. 397.

)>ill])y]it, fem., gen. in -e, " hillwort,
cahnnintha riepeta. Hillwort is pulegiuni
montanum in the glossaries, to be dis-
tinguished by name and habitat from
I)ulegium regale or penny royal. Now
the Bergpoly of the Germans, Teucrium
polium, is not a native of England,
we must then select, as above, a plant
which grows on " dry banks and way
" sides on a chalky soil," with " odour
" strong resembling mentha pulegium,"
(Hooker). But if the words be of the
savour of a version from the Latin, then
hillwort will be teucrium polium. See
lib. Iviii. ; Promp. Parv. p. 399.

]>ymele, gen. -an, the hop plant, humnlns
hi pidus = hvim]Q (Dansk)=humall, masc.
(Islandic). Hb. Ixviii. The female plant
is evidently meant by the ewehymcle,
coj'ohumelan. Lb. III. Ix.

The statement that men mix hymele
with their ordinary drinks, shows what
plant the writer of Hb. had in his mind.
That he identifies it with bryony is an
error in his Greek. Lovells Herball
(16.59) thus, "Hops, lupulus. In fat
" and fruitful! ground, the wild among
" thornes. The flowers are gathered in
" August and September. Bpvov kcu
" Ppvonvia, lupus salictarius et reptitius."
Most of the early glossaries translate
however, bryonia by Wilde nep, and
Dioskorides(iv. 184, 185) describes what
is certainly not the hop plant. Columella
is charged with having confused the
bryony with the hop. Lib. x. p. 350.
" Qurcque tuas audax imitatur Nysie

" uites,
" Ncc metuit sentes, nam uepribus

" improba surgens
" Achradas indomitasque Bryonias
" alligat alnos."
The lines hardly support the charge.

GLOSSARY.

393

]>ymele — cont.
According to the present nsage of those
who speak rural Englisli, tlie hop is the
fructification of the female plant, and
the plant itself has no name but hop
plant. It is quite incorrect according
to the country folk to speak of the plant
as the hop. No such name as Humble
seems to be known.

The contrasted )>esehymele, hedge-
liumble, affords presumption that there
was a cultivated kind, and other proofs
exist that the Saxons grew this plant.

)>ynu'lo, liop trefoil, trifolium procumhevs.
In Hb. Hi. we had a problem to solve ;
polytrichura was hair moss, and hymele
v/as hop, and yet the two plants must be
the same. The trefoil leaves of poly-
trichum in MS. G. suggested a solution ;
it is hoped the right one. The text in
Hb. lii. speaks plainly of hair moss ;
but the drawing in the MS. has nothing
of the sort ; in this difficulty the in-
terpreter solved not the Hellenic word,
but the drawing, and named it hymele ;
as it has no resemblance to the hop, nor
to geum rivale. Jordhumle in Swedish
is trifolium agrarium (Nemnich). The
name Humble was not confined to the
hop, see yelbpypc ; and in Islandic Val-
humall is achillea millefolium. (Olaf
Olafsens Urtagards Bok, p. 88.)

)>mbhajlehe,-heolot>e, -an, water agrimony,
Uvericort, Eiipatoriun cannabinum.
" Ambrosia." Hb. Ixiii. 7 ; so Lacn.
G9. Gl. Sloane, 146. Our gU. make
this ambrosia maior to be widely dis-
tinguished from chenopodium botrys,
which is also ambrosia, but not an
English plant. Hindheal is Hirsch-
wundkraut in Germ. " stag-wound-wort."
" Eupatorium lilifagus \_understand
" eK(\ia<paKos'\, ambrosia maior, wyldo
" sauge, hyndhale," Gl, Harl. 3388.
" Ambrosia, hindhelethe," Gl. Dun,
" Ambrose . salgia agrestis [read salvia'],
" lilifagus . eupatorium . idem," Gl.
Rawl. c. 607. So Gl. M. " Hintloipha,

l^mbhaelejje — cont.
" ambrosia," Gl. Hoff. " Euperatorium,
" ambrose, is an erbe that som men
" calliJ5 wilde sauge oher wode nierche
" oher hyndale," Gl. Sloane, .'), fol. 15 a.
Similarly Gl. M.

2. Sanicle, Sanicuki. Europcca, as
above ; the plants have very similar
foliation.

'Nypbejjyjifc, fem., gen. -e, herd- (shep-
herd) wort, Ert/thrcEU centaureiun, Lb,
II, viii., etc.

ill)', gen. -es, neut., hue, complexion, color.
lib. cxli. 2. Horn. II. 390. Ilj'y ly 'Sir
Isclb abeojicab . "j ^sec ae'Selefre hieji h]iy
]'ea]V5 hic onhpojijen, P.A. 26 a, WIty is
this gold darkened, and why is its noble
colour changed ? Lamentations iv. \.
See N. p. 7L Ai5a|. 58.

IMt'omoce, )>leomoc, fem. gen., -an ; brooh-
lime (where lime is the Saxon name in
decay), Veronica beccabnnga, with V.
anagallis. Lb. I. ii. 22. " It waxeth in
" brooks," Lb. I. xxxviii. 4. Both sorts
Lcmmike, Dansk. They were the greater
and the less " brokelemke," Gl. Bodley,
536, " Fabaria domestica . i . lemeke.
" Fabaria agrestis similis est nasturtio
" aquatico et habet florem indum \_hluc'] .
" i . fauerole et crescit iuxta aquas," Gl.
liawl. c. 607. In those words the v.
anagallis is described. The following
agree more or less, Gl. in Lye ; Gl.
Dun. ; Gl. Cleop. ; Gl. Harl. 978 ;
Gl. Harl. 3388 ; Gl. Mone, p. 288 a, 27:
read lemicke ; Islandic, Lemiki.

IMyjT, masc, gen. -c)-, hearing ; masc.
DD, 41, xlvi. Lb. L iii. 7 ; Horn, IL
374 ; also fem., gen. -e, Lb. I. iii., con-
tents ; and in old Dansk,

IMurro]! bpenc, masc, gen. -es, " clear
" drink," claret, made of wine, honey,
aromatic herbs, and spices. " Accipe
" ergo hirtzunge [^harlstongue] et eam
" in vino fortiter coque, et tunc purum
" mel adde, et ita iterum; tuncfac semel
" fervere, deinde longum piper et bis
" tantum cynamomi pulverisa, et ita

394

GLOSSARY.

T>lucco]i b]yenc—co7it.
" cum praedicto vino fac iterum sernel
" fervere, et per pannum cola et sic fac
" LUTER DEANCK." St. Hildcgard. Phys.
XXX., and similarly ciii.
))ni}el, masc, forehead, Lb. III. i.
Hoc, gen. hocces, 07ie of the mallows, malcd.

Lb. III. xxxvii., xli. Many gll.
)>0]:e, gen. -an, fem., alehoof, hove, ground
ivy, ylechoma hederacea. Lb. I. ii. 19.
Seo jieabe hoje, the same.
2. Me]i)-c lioje, stachjs pahislris^
Lb. I. xxxviii. 5.
IIoj]»ec, hoy]i8ec, neut., hoof nick, hoof trac/i .
Vol. I. p. 392. A parallel charm has
jorspop.
)>olcKi>)-e, fem., gen. -an, feld gentimi,
gcntiana campestris. Lb. 1. ii. 17. The
same as the Ilolgraess of OEder, Icoues
Plantarum, vol. 3, where he gives the
local Norwegian names.
)>omo]i)-ec5, masc. Lb. I. Ixxvi. 2. Sec

Sees.
)>oph, )5o)i, gen. -ej-, also J>0]iepes, masc. ;
foulness, filth, foul humour, fleyma, pituita,
is masc. Lb. II. xvi. 2 ; xxviii. and in
hojiaj-, pituita, Gl. in Lye. Gl. Somn.
p. 72 a, 55. Written Opaj-, Quadr. viii.
6. See corrections, Vol. I. Neuter, Lb.
II. xvi. 1.

Flegmata, liojih, Gl. M.M., p. 156 b,
5. Gl. Cleop. fol. 39 d. Horewes, Gl.
Mone, p. 404 b.
IIojiiS, mucous, pundenf. Gl. Prud. p.

146 b.
)>0]in abl, a disease of foul humours in the
stomach. Lb. II. xxvii. From hoph,
filth.
Iljiacu, gen. -an, fem., throat, yuttur. paeji
j;ynube on 'Sa]ie hpacan )"]'ylce Jjaeji
hpylc fea^ paepe. G.D. 226 b. There
yawned in the throat as if there had bee?}
a sort of pit. Lb. I. i. 17. K. prints a
masc. SS. p. 148, line 32.
Iljiajffcan, ace, hreaking, exscreatio, Lb. I.

i. 16.
J^pseccunge, the uvula, Lorica, Ixx. Lb.
I. . 4. Hjiacan, fauces, Gl. in Lye.

)>p8ect;un5e — cont.

-r cunse, tongue. Hpaececuns is different,
Lb. II. viii. Hjisecan, to clear the throat,
screare, + ec frequentative, + ung, parti-
cipial termination.
)>ji2epie]- yot, masc, " ravens foot,'" pilewort,
ranunculus ficaria, Bat. In Hb. xxviii.
made Chamajdafne, which, literally
translated, is " ground laurel or bay,"
and determined by Sprengel to be rus-
cus racemosus.^' That it is indeed a
ruscus is qvxite evident by the words of
Dioskorides ; Kapirhv 5e -nepKpepi} ipvOpvv,
Tols (pvWois 4iniTe(pvK6Ta,Vior can we doubt
from the rest of the description but that
the species is correctly determined.
Plinius, however, having more know-
ledge of words than things, while citing
the description ; " semen rubens an-
" neximi foliis" (xxiv. 81), which makes
the chamsedafiie a ruscus, yet has misled
many of the later inquirers by declaring
it to be periwinkle ; " vinca pervinca
" sive chamfcdafoe," (xxi. 99.) In this
error he is followed by many, as a "Welsh
gl. of plants in Meddygon Myddfai,
(p. 283 a.), and Coopers Thesaurus.
The Latin Apuleius, MS. G. draws, I
think, a periwinkle. The species II.
racemosus, is a native not of England,
but of the Archipelago. Our concern,
however, being with Eavens foot, it will
soon appear that it is neither Ruscus nor
Vinca. Ravens foot, like crowfoot, was
a name probably given fi'om the shape of
the leaves ; whence it will follow at
once that ravens foot is neither chamas-
daftie nor vinca maior. The old inter-
preter had before him a wholly different
drawing, having a resemblance in its
folded leaves to Alchemilla vulgaris.
The unfolded leaves are deeply cut, and
so " Pentaphilon, refnes fot," Gl. Dun.
Quinquefila. Gl. Brux. So Gl. M.M.
p. 161 b, 34, showing that the leaves were
like those of cinqfoil. MS. T. has a gl.
" Raucn fote, crowfote," to the same effect,
with a drawing which I take to intend

GLOSSARY.

395

J^jieejnej- }0C — co7it.
periwinkle, " quinquefolium, hpaej:nae)-
" )ooc," Gl. Moyen Moutier, p. 164 b;
so p. 161 b. " Pes corui apium moroi-
" darum, ravenys feete," MS. Bodley,
178. "Apium emoroidarum vel pes
" corui idem ravnys fete," MS. Ilarl,
3388. " Apium emoroidarum, pes corui
" idem," MS. Rawlinson, c. 607. Tlie
tubers at tlie root of ttiis plant were
compared to piles, hemorrhoids, fici,
whence the names Pilewort, Apium
hacmorrhoidarum, Eicaria. " Pes pulli,
" Gallice pepol, Anglice remnies fote,"
Gl. Sloane, 146. "Pied poul, the
" round rooted or onion rooted crow-
" foot." Cotgrave. Similarly Gl. Harl.
3388. Thus authority and early tradition
run strongly for ranunculus ficaria ; at
the same time we cannot but feel a
difficulty in observing that the leaves of
this species are not crowfoot in shapes
and the plant is so unlike most of the
crowfoots, that on ancient principles it
should hardly be called by a similar name.

lijiean, ace, Lb. n. xli., I suppose to be
= Isl, Hrai, masc, cruditas, as perhaps
not rawness, but indigestion. Somner,
however, may have had authority for
<pOi.cn.s.

Djieoyol, fem., gen. -le, roughness of t/ic
body, leprosy. Lb. I. Ixxxviii.

)>]ucj-ca, gen, pl., Lb. I. xxxi. 5, from
some nom. s. signifying it seems a crick,
which is a small wrench, a twist, accom-
panied usually with a small sound ; a
little crack, a crick, produced by the
overstraining of some articulation. See
Lye in )>jiij-cian.

J^jnj:, neut., the abdomen. Lb. II. xxviii. ;
II. xxxii.

)>]iipns, fem., gen. -e, scab, crust of a
healing umund. Lb. I. xxxv. at end,
the context requires this sense. Cf.
)>jue]}>0, scabies.

)>jii)Tuns, fem., gen. -e, spasmodic action.
Isl. at Ilrista quaiere, in the reflexive,
contremiscere. Lb. II. xlvi.

]'i\\yt,,febricitat. Lb. II. xxv.

)>))y5ejien, bovinus. Lb. II. viii.

Djioc, neut., moisture, mucus, thick fluid.
Lb. II. xxviii. ; ohg. lloz, mucus, in-
rheuma.

)>)Uit>. Lb. II. xxiv.

)>unbe)-hea}ob, "hounds head," snapdragon,
anlirrhimim oronlium, Hot. In lib.
Ixxxviii., Canis caput. The German
Hun dskopf is A. orontium, and according
to Kilian in kalfs-snuyte, canis caput is
antirrhinum. The drawings in j\ISS.
V. and T. represent, I hold, this plant.
" Cynocephaleon, heoptclsefpe," Gl.
Somn, p. 63 b, 56, hart clover, melilot,
which might be made in a di'awing to
cluster its flowers as snapdragon.

IMmbej- tun^e, fem., gen. -an, hounds-
tongue, eynoglossum officinale. In lib.
xlii. this is made = bugloss ; in MS. V.,
allowing for conventional and incorrect
drawing, the figure (fol. 30 c.) seems
intended for lycopsis arvensis. Sot., or
small bugloss ; similarly MS. A., fol.
24 b. MS. G. draws echium vulgare, or
vipers bugloss. MS. T. has given us,
instead of bugloss, a picture of house-
leek. The houndstongue family of plauts
is akin to the bugloss race, and om-
Saxon interpreter was, perhaps, unable
to discriminate. "Buglossan, glosvyrt
" vel hundes tunga. Canis lingua, huu-
" des tunga," Gl. Dun. "Lingua bobule
'' (bubula) oxan tunge," id., "buglossa
" hertestunge, ossentunge/' Gl. in Mone,
p. 283 a. " Bugilla, hundestunge," id.
p. 285 b. {bugle, aiuga reptans, JJot.),
" lingua cervina, huntzenge," id. p. 289,
(a mistake, road hertszunge). " Buglosse,
" foxes glofa," id. p. 320 a ; " canis
" lingua, hundestunge," id. ibid. That
eynoglossum officinale is houndstongue in
Gemian, Dutch, Dansk, Swedish, may
have arisen from translation and instruc-
tion ; but why not so also with the
Saxons ? The drawing in V. is more like
borage (II., from a pen and ink sketch),
but the blooms }iave no blue colour.

396

GLOSSARY.

)>une, gen. -an, horehnund, marnihiiiiii
miJfjare. Lb. I. iii. 11., etc.

)^uni;i;tea]i, gen. -es, masc, destillatkm
from the comb, -without squeezing, virgin
honey, mel purissimum, e favo sponte
quod effluxit. " Mell stillativum," Lb. I.
ii. 1. " Nectareum, hunij;-eapenne," Gl.
Prud. p. 140 b. " Nectaris, hunisreajiej-,"
Gl. Mone, p. 384 b, 4. '* Favuni nectaris,
" huni5 camb teajic)-," Regularis Con-
cordia.

)>]ieo]i]a, masc, a udiorl, verficillus. Lb.
IIL vi.

)>]icppe, fern.? gen. -an? Lb. Iii. 1, is a
" great wort;" the radical syllable implies
roundness, as in )>pe]i, a kettle, )>j'e)i-
j'crte (a gourd, a calabash, and then)
a cucumber. See Hb. xxii. Is it then
tlie bulb, colchicum autumiiale?

]>]no]i)ban, ncut.,/inee cap, patella. In the
Lorica, Vol. I. Ixxi., the gloss of poples,
■which is an error. See peoh hpeojiya.

IJj'iccubu, -cjieobu, gen. hjucej* eyibuey,
inaatich, the gum of the pistacia lentiscus.
So the GU. Lb. II. iii., Gl. Dun., etc.
\/ )>]'icin5, whitintj, chalk and size. Lb. III.
xxxix.

Ijit;, ueut., gen. -c)-, ivy; hcdcra helix is
the only species native to England; ncut.,
I>b. III. XXX. Graff also marks the ohg.
Ebah, iuy, neuter. Ipef, gen. Lb. I.
ii. 10 ; I. iii. 7, etc.

Ipj^rapo, masc, gen. -an, ivy tar. Lb. III.
xxvi. ; masc, Cf. Lb. III. xxxi. " It is
" produced from the Body of the larger
" Ivy, being cut or wounded, and some-
" times dropping forth of it self." Sal-
mons English Physician, 1693, p. 991.
" Oleum cyfmum (i-ead Kiffaivov) idem
" de bagis (read baccis) hederac confi-
" citur sic. Sumis in ianuario mense
" cum ceperunt hedcrtC grana cresccre,
" etc." MS. Harl. 4890, fol. 70 a.

Innojapan, pi. viscera. Lb. II. xxxvi.
Iu]'i|-an, pi., Jlavouring, condinientum, Lb.
II. vi., from jni^an, herbs.

L.

LcCCC'pyiit, 1. generally a herb of healing,
herba mcdicinalis, M.II. 137 a.

2. Campions, or ragged rohin, or
one of that kindred, lib. cxxxiii. ; but,
I fear, only from the syllables Ljcc- and
Lych-.

3. Plantago lanceolata, " iBCcejiyjir,
" qiiinqucnervia," Gl. Cleop. fol. 83 a.
Gl. M.M. Liikeblad, plantago maior, in
West Gothland (Nemnich). The plain-
tain was famed for healing power.
Lb. I. xxxii. 3.

Legs, a letting, missio. Lb. III. cont. xlvii.
fern. ? Cf. H bloblffise, Lb. IL xxiii. ;
bloblccspu, Beda, 616, 12, on 'Sa;pe blob-
Itcsjie, 016, 5.

Lambe)- ca!)i)-e, gen. -an, is said, Lb. Li. 17.
to be the same as Cress.

Lai'eji, labep, laver, Hb. cxxxvi., is called
Slum by Lyte also ; the botanists now
call sium water parsnep, and the eaten
laver, porphyra laciniata. Laver is a
Latin word.

Leac, gen. -es, neut. 1. Originally a wort,
herba, olus, whence are derived leaccei!|-e,
leacrun, " hortus olitorius," leacpcjib, a
gardener. Houseleek and holleac are
not alliaceous. Aarons leek is arum
maculatum, Gl. Sloane, 5.

2. A leek, allium porrum. Lb. II. xxxii.
vol. I. p. 376, where I cannot now find
a verification for the masculine gender,
iinlcss by resorting to the old Dansk,
Laukr, masc. pej-, in jE.G. is a mis-
print.

Ejiabcleac, probably leek, Allium por-
rum, from the breadth of its leaves. Lb.
II. Ii. 1. Lacn. 12.

GLOSSARY.

fl%

Lcac — cont.

Cjiapleac, crow garlic, allium ursinum,
or viaeale, vol. I. p. 37 G. " Centum ca-
" pita, asfodillus, ramese, crowe garlek,"
Gl. IJawl. c. 506.

Cjiopleac, allium sativum. A gl. gives
" serpyllum," but that is an inadmis-
sible tale, for cjiop means hunch, as of
berries, and leac means leek ; we must
therefore make our choice among asfo-
delaceous plants ; and as those -which
ansv.'er the description best are open to
objection, for allium ampeloprasum is
by far too rare, and allium vineale is
crowleek, we fix on a common foreign
but cultivated species. Lb. I. ii. 13, 1.5;
L iii. 11; L xxxix. 2; IIL Ixviii. The
German Knoblauch has the same sense,
and is this plant.

Gajileac, aUiuia oleruceuiii ? Sec Lb. I.
ii. 10 ; IIL Ix. Ixi.

Ilolleac, •' hollow wort," fumuria hnl-
/w.w, the" radix cava" of the herborists;
Runde Hohlwurzel, Germ. ; lluulroed,
Dansk ; Ilolwortel (Kilian) ; Iliillrot,

Swed. Lacn. 23, 61. Lb. . It

is not corydalis, the root of which is not
hollow. iSce English Botany, 1471.

Secjleac, Lb. I. Iviii. I, Lacn. 37, i.s
of coui'se chive garlic, allium achtvnopra-
sum, the English and Hellenic names
having the same sense.

Lcac cepse, fem., gen. -an. Lb. III. xv.
Erysimum alliaria is both leek and cress.

Leah, gen. leage, fem., ley, lixivium. Quad,
ix. 14. Leechd.vol. I. p. 378. Lb. III.
xlvii. Lees, Gl- C

Leaj>0)i, neut.? lather, spuma saponacea ;
see Lyt'jian, not fem. Lacn. 1. Islandic
Lii'Sr, neut. lather. Cf Lyhjian, Alyh-
]ian. St. Marharete.

Leajjojijiyjic, fem., gen. -e, lather wort, soap-
ivort, saponaria officinalis. " Borith
" herba fuUonum, lea'Sojii'yjir," Gl.
Cleop. The plant yields lather freely.
Lb. L iii. 11.

Leonyot, masc, gen. -e)% lion foot, alche-
milla vulgaris, Hb. viii. This name is

Leonyor — cont.

foreign, and a translation of Aeoi'TOTniSio;'
in Dioskorides. Leontopodion is alche-
milla vulgaris in Dorsten, in Lyte, in
Dansk; " Alchemilla vulgo appellatur et
" pes leonis," Csesalpinus xiv. 249. Sib-
thorp says, alchemilla alpina is to this
day called Asovtoit6^lov. Sprengel says,
that the Leontopodium of Dioscorides
is " Gnafalium leontopodium," and the
figures in V. G. T. Bodley, 130 (Ixii.)
agree.

Lib, lyb, neut.? something medicinal and
potent, a harmful or powerful drug,
(pdpfj.aKov. Cf. lib-lac, sorcery; oxna-
hb, " medicine of oxen," black liclleborc ;
hbcopn, cathartic g7-a ins. "Luppi, neut.
" venenum, succus lethiferus, etc.," Graff.
Ougluppi, eye lib, collyrium, eye salve, id.
Goluppeten pfil, veneyiata sagitta, Gl.
Schilter. " Coagulum, lap," a gl. in
Mone, p. 287 a. Congula, cji'libbu, Gl.
Prud. 141 a, as {? Tvpo(papjxaKov ; it is tlic
runnet to turn milk to curd.

Libcojm, neut, gen. -ay, n grain of
purgative effect, especially the seeds of
various euforhias, probably also the seeds
of some of the gourds, as momordica elatc-
rixim, cucumis colocynthis. Lb. I. ii. 22;
IL Iii. 1, 2, 3.

Carthamo, also citocasia, also lacte-
rida, also catharticum, Gl. Dun. ; lacy-
ride, Gl. Brux. ; these are the milky
spurges.

Lmi, mostly neut., but also fem., a limb,

artus ; fem.. Lb. II. Ixiv. p. 288 ; fem.

also in Islandic. Cf. Lb. I. xxv. 2, xxvii.

1, xxxi. 7, Ixxiii.; III. xxxvii.
Lmiunj, fem., gen. -e, an attachment, car-

tilago. Lb. II. xxxvi.
Lie), neuter and masc.,yo//(^, articulus. Lb.

I. Ixi. 1 ; II. xxxvi. In old Dansk,

Li^V, masc.
Li'5, drink, gen. -es, neut. Lb. I. xix.

Boet. 110, 33. eye "Sa him ^'a;r liiS

Jefcipeb paj)-, P.A. 5.5 a, 2r//e/? the drink

was gone from him.

398

GLOSSARY.

Li^" rypt, fem., gen. -e, lithewort, dwarf
elder, sambucus ebulus. Hb. xxix. This
is made Ostriago. See Pref. vol. I.
p. Ixxxv. : from the drawings, nothing
can be learnt. " Ostriago, lith vyrt.
" Chamedafne, leoth vyrt," Gl. Dun.,
read x"'M«'"f''''7> that is, ground elder.
" Ebulus, wall wort," in later hand" lyj^e
" wort," MS. Harl. 3388. In Hb. cxxvii.
lihpyjir is erifia, which is unknown, and
from the drawing probably nothing but
dwarf elder was understood. Viburnum
lantana was never known by this
name.

IJyt'pan ? to lather, spumam e sapone con-
ficere, aut ex quovis eiusmodi. Lyjjpe,
imperat, Lb. I. 1. 2. AlyJ^pe, Lb. I.
xxii. 2. AleJ^jie, Lb. I. liv.

Lit>ule, Lb , I. Ixi. 2. Somner said fistula,
which is a disease ; Lye, fistula, enema;
it has been translated in connexion with
the foregoing leechdoms, as if li'S-ele,
joijit oil, synovia.

Lonb abl, fem., gen. -e, nostalgia, Lb. II.
Ixv. 5.

Lunsenjiypc, fem., gen. -e, lungwort,
pulmonaria officinalis. Germ., Lungen-
wm'z; Dansk, Lungurt; Swed. Lungort.
2. A sort mentioned, Lb. I. xxxviii. 4,
" yellow upwards," hieracium murorum
and pulmonarium, golden lung wort.

Liiscmoce, fem., gen. -an, not in the gll .,
possibly by corruption of syllables,
Ladys smock, cardamine pratensis. Lb.
I. xxxviii. 3. 10. A kind with a cropp
or bunchy head. Lb. I. xxxix. 2 ; I.
xxxviii. 3.

M.

CDiel, gen. -ej*, neut., measure. Orienfis
Mir. ix. Chron. p. 3.'54, line 31, anno
1085. Lb. L ii. 1 ; XL vii. " Circinum,
" maelranj;e," Gl. Somn. p. 65 b, 4, a pair
of compasses, measure tongs. Where
bajsmaslar is printed, the MS. has
dajsmael uf.

CDaj;e))e, CDagoJie, fem., gen. -an, maytlie,
Anthemis nohilis. 2. ]nlbe mase)>e,
maythe, Matricaria chamomilla. 3.
maytke, maythen, Anthemis cotula.

1. Chamasmelon is translated majehe,
lib. xxiv. " Camemelon, magethe,"
Gl. Dun. " Beneolentem," Gl. Brux.
p. 41 a, the distinctive mark of true
chamomille. " Chomomilla, megede
" blomen," a Gl. in Mone, 286 b.

2. ^ilbe mashe. Lb. II. xxii., xvild
maythe, must be Avild chamomille, for I
do not find that No. 3 was ever supposed
to possess medicinal properties; it is
therefore matricaria chamomilla.

3. The anthemis cotula is now called
maythen, the final being, to speak after
our grammars, derived from the termi-
nation of the oblique cases ; country
folk say it may be always distinguished
from the true camomille by its bad
smell. The glossaries agree, " Camomilla
" i . camamille similis est amarusce \_read
" -ae] sed camomilla herba breuis est et
" redolens et amarusea i . maythe fetit "
[foetet], MS. Rawlinson,c. 707. " Herba
" putida, mseS'Sa," Gl. Somn. p. 64 a,
line 11. "Mathers, May weed, Dogs
" cammomill. Stinking cammomill, and
" Dogfenel." Lyte (A.D. 1595).

Perhaps the Saxons included pyrcth-
rmn parthenium. These plants are so
much alike that it requires much tech-
nicality to distinguish them ; the artist
in MS. V. took the liberty of making
the flowers blue. Calmia, mayl^e, MS.
Sloane, 146, with i marked. " Culmia,
" magethe," Gl. Dun., whence correct
Somner. Gl. p. 66 [63] b, line 6. Calmia
is calamine, ore of zinc, and these
glosses are blunders.

Reabe ma5e]>e, anthemis tinctoria. Lb.
I. Ixiv.

White maythe, pyrethrum inodorum.
" Bucstalmum \_read $ov(pda\/xoy'], hvit
" mcgethe," Gl. Dun. ; jirintcd bucstal-
inum, Gl. Brux. p. 41 a.

GLOSSARY.

399

CDape, Lb. I. xxxi. 7, perhaps potentiUa as
Mara, in Iceland now (Olaf Olafsens
Urtagards Bok) ; the cottony potentilla
will be silverweed, p. ariserina, with a/-
y en tea.

CDaj*c]'y)i!:, max-, fem., mashwort, the ivort
in the mash tub, Lacn. Ill, Lb. IL xxiv.
On the malt boiling water is poured,
and allowed to stand three quarters of
an hour ; the liquid is wort, or mash-
wort. Braxivium atque bulita cum
braseonondum ccrevisia, vert ; a Belgic
Gl. in Mone, p. 304 a.

COeaiih, meajxj, masc. and neut., marrow ;
masc, old Dansk Margr, Lb. III. Ixx. ;
neut., Germ. Mark, Lb. I. ii. 22.

CDeajifC mea]i gealla, masc, gen. -an, be-
longs, fi'om its bitterness implied in
" gall," to gentian aceous plants, and
from its habitat in marshes may be,
gentiana pneumonanthe. Lb. I. xxxix. 2 ;
L 1. 2.

CDebo, gen, mebepej-, neut., inead. Lb. II.
Hi. 1 ; II. liii. In old German, Mete,
and in old Danish, Mio'Sr, are masc.
Gen. Gl. Mone, p, 395 b.

CDcbojjypc, fem.,gen. -e ; 1. Meadow stveet,
spiraa vhnaria. " Regina prati, Germ,
" Wiesenkonigin ; Dansk, Miiidurt "
(Nemnich). " Melissa, medwort, regina
" prati." Gl, Harl, 3388, So Gl.
Bodley, 178. " Melletina," Gl. Somn.
63 b, 53. " Regina medpnrt," Gl, Harl.
978 (A,D. 1240), " Mellanna," Gl, Dun.
Lb. I. xxxviii, 10,

2. Melissa officinalis, balm. " Nas-
" tiirtium[h] ortolan [um] medwort," Gl.
Harl, 3388.

COen, masc. ? a part, a proportional part —
Swedish, Man, masc. apart. Lb, I. 1. 2.
The construction with a numeral admits
either a plural or a singular.

Meox, Meohs, neuter, muck, duny, fimus,
stercus. Dsec meox is J^sec gemynb
his yulan baeba, Hom, II. 408, The
dung of the parable is the memory of his
foul deeds.

ODepce, gen. -ej-, masc, inarclw, apium.
lib. xcvii., cxx, ; Gl, Somn. p. 04 a, 1 1 ;
lib. cxxix.

Scan mepce, parsley, Apium petrosc-
linum, Gl. Brux,

p'ubu mepce, wood marche, sanicle,
Sanicula Europcea, a gloss in Lacn, 4,
also Gl. Laud. 553, fol, 18, Gl. Ilarl.
978, which was overlooked, so that note
9, p, 35, requires correction. It is a
suitable name. Lb, I. i. 15 ; I. xxxix.
2 ; I. Ixi. 2 ; III, ii. G.

CDej* ? = mifC, a mess, dung. Lb. I.
xxxviii, 11, Mes, stercus, fimus (Kilian),

Micel lie, elephantiasis. Sona juijibon
'Su]ihylesene mib J^ajie able \>xy myclan
lice)-, G.D. 210 a. Soon were smitten
with " elephantinus morbus."

Mylsc ? or Mylsce ? inihl, milis. Lb,
I. xlii. ; II. xvi., p. 194. Gemilsceb,
Lb. II. xix. XX,

CDilce, masc, gen. -ej-, also -an, the milt,
the spleen. Lb, JI. xxxvi. with gen.-ej* t
but gen, -an, Lacn. 110; Quad. ii. 8;
lib. xxxii, 6 ; and fem., Hb, xxxii.
6 ; Ivii. 1.

Mynec, neut., money, moneta. Bed. 532, 1.
Lb. II. XV,

CDmce, fem., gen, -an, mint, mentha.

Fenmmce, mentha silvestris. Lb, I,
iii, 2,

Ssemmce. Lb. I, xv. 4,

Tunmmce, mentha sativa. Lb. I. ii. 23,

CDij-cel, masc. ? basil. 1. Cfinopodium vnl-
gare. In Hb. cxix., cxxxvii. eijuivalent
to &Kifiov, basil. " Ocimum, mistel," Gl.
Mone, p. 321 b, is a repetition not a
support. " Ocimus, mistel," Gl. Dun.,
another echo. "Mistil, basilice," MS.
Bodley, 130, on Ocimum : an inde-
pendent statement. CDijtel is a deriva-
tive of CDijT, muck, and the clinop. viilg.
is called in German, Kleiner dost, fi'om
Doste; old high g. Dosto, marjoram, and
that may be compared with Dost ccenum,
dirt. Cop^ mifcel, Lb. xxxvi., seems
to distinguish this from the mistletoe ;
a few lines lower is Acmifeel,

400

GLOSSARY.

CCipcel — cont.

2. Misieltoe, viscuni album. Germ.
Swed. ]\[istel, masc ; Dansk, Mistel (en).
" Viscarago, mij-cilran," Gl. Soraner,
p. 64 a, line 56. " Mij-celca, chamEeleon,
" viscus, Cot. 175, 210." Lye. Cha-
meleon is tJijTel, not mij-cel. " Mistil,
" viscus," Graff, ohg. Lb. I. xxxvi.

The mistle or mistletoe is propagated
by being carried in the dung of birds.

CDyxenplanre, fern. ? gen. -an ? Lb. I.
Iviii. 4. " Morella," Gl. Sloane, 14G ;
so MS. T., fol. 62 b, that is, atrupa
heJhtdonnu.

CTojioh, CDojia'5, a decoction^ the C^jxo. of the
medical writers ; glossed careiium, Gl.
Sonin. p. 62 a, 11, which is must boiled
down to one third part of its htdk and
sweetened. But this gloss is not quite
appropriate in the first example in Lb. I.
XXXV., which requires ra e'/c (efxaTos, like
IxOvs anh ^efiuTos in Trallianus. Occ.
Lb. I. xlviii. 2. Moraz in the Nibelunge
Not., 1750, is interpreted by the Germans
mulberry wine, Do schancte man den
gesten .... mete moraz unte win ;
tlien ivas poured out for the guests mead,
moraz and wine.

CDojiu, fern., gen. -an; 1, a root. 2, the
root, the edible root, namely, carrot,
^avKov. Lb. I. xviii. ; L ii. 2.3, Cf.
Felhmojiu, Germ. Mohre, fem. " J>is erbe
" [squill] haj? a rounde more lyk to an
" onyon." MS. Bodley, 536.
" Ne beo}> heo nowt alie forlore,
" That stumpe}> at he flesches more.''

Owl and Nightingale, 1389.
(■n;c;lij-c mojui, parsnep, pastinaca
sativa, Lb. I. ii. 23 ; III. viii.

^ylipc mo]iu,j'ealmopu, carrof, daiicin
rariota, Lb. III. viii. Gl. Somn. p. 64 a,
.33.

CCojijjyjit, fem., gen. -e, " moor wort ; "
the small moor wort occurs Lb. I.
Iviii. 1. Somner says. Moor grasse is
ros solis, that is, sundew, drosera, which
grows on moist heaths. " Silver weed,

CDojij'yjJt — cont.
" or cotton grass " (Nemnich), that is,
potentilla anserina or erioforum.

The German interpreters of St. Ililde-
gard make it the Parnassia palustris.

Muc^j'yjic, Hb. art. xiii., artemisia Pontica.
See Aazeiger fiir Kunde teutscher Vor-
zeit, 1835.

CDujijia, fem., gen. -an.? cicely, myrrhis
odorata. Lb. I. i. Mvppis, ol Si- (.vlippav
KaKovffiv, Dioskor. lib. iv. c. 116, which
is " scandix odorata " (Sprengel), now
named as above.

N.

Xatbjie pypc, fem., gen. in -e, addcrwort,
/tuh/gonum bistorla. In Hb. vi. ntebjie-
]iy]ic = viperina. Our adderworls are
those plants which resemble an irritated
snake raising its head, the ofioglosmm
vulgatum, the arum macidatum, the poly-
ijonum bistorta. In MS. G., the German
gloss is " Naterwurc," and the German
Natterwurz may be polygonum bistorla,
or provincially sedum, or again provin-
cially cchium vulgare. (Adelung). We
are therefore to conclude that the two
glossators, agreeing, made the herb
p. bistorta. The figures in MSS. V.,
A., G., T. have much the appearance of
alisma plantago. In MS. Bodley, 130,
the figure and gloss are " Sowethistell."
From MS. G. fol. 8 a, the Germans
called the Satirion orchis " Natarwure,"
which must be applied to enlarge
Adelung.

NfEfC, a fawn skin ; a piece of fawn shin.
Lb. I. ii. 20 ; I. xxxix. 3. " Ne])ris,"
Gl. Cleop., that is, vejSpis, and support
is had from Gl. Somn., p. 61 a, line 27.
So Gl. Jul. If we take nebris for a
piece of soft leather, as a " tripskin,"
a " ryb.skin," it comes to the same at
last. Naii'c in the Lib. Med. corresponds
to " I'ha'uicium " in Marcellus.

GLOSSARY.

401

Napa, 7iever, Lb. II. xli. Ne, not + Apa,

ever.
Neahc nef-ij;, fanting for a night, tvilh fast

unbroken ; see Lb. II. Ixv. 5, and II. vii.

at beginning.
Necle, fem., geu. -an, nettle, nrtica. fio

micle j'0]i)ji5 nerle, ?/. dioica. Lb. I.

xlvii.
Neupij-ne, ace, a disease. Lb. I. lix. and

contents.
Nepe)-eo)>a, Nu-, masc, gen. -an, that part

of the belli/ which lies between the navel

and the sliare or pubes, the pit of the

belly. Lb. II. xxxvi., xxxi., xvii. and

contents, xlvi. " Hium," Gl. M.M.,

p. 137 b, 15.

o.

Oyepjryllo, neut., overflow, overfilling,
spuma vas coronans. Lb. I. li.

Ojejij'sepij-c, from over sea, transmarinus.
Lb. I. vi. 6. M.H.lOOa. Tlie reading
Opepfsepii'c is not in the MS. nor agree-
able to analogy.

Opiec, (gen. prob. -e)-), a close vessel. In
Lb. I. ii. 11, oynece translates " vas-
" culo clause vel operto." The word
may be connected with 0}en, overt ; the
K\iPavos -was a close vessel covered up
in the hot embers, and an oven at the
same time.

0)')-cot;en, properly badly wounded by a
shot, but specially used, Lb. I. Ixxxviii.
2., II. Ixv. i., for elf shot, the Scottish
term, that is, dangerously distended by
greedy devouring of green food. It is
spoken of cattle ; sheep are very subject
to it, if they get into a clover field at
full freedom. " The disease consists in
" an overdistension of the first stomach,
" from the swelling up of clover and
'•' grass, when eaten with the morning
" dew on it."
VOL. II.

Ojjcoren — cont.

Next you'll a warlock turn, in air

you'll ride.
Upon a broom, and travel on the tide ;
Or on a black cat mid the tempests

prance
In stormy nights beyond the sea to

France ;
Drive down the barns and byars,

prevent our sleep,
Elfshoot our ky, and sraoor mang drift
our sheep. Falls of Clyde, p. 12U.
The approved cure is to chafe the parts
affected with a blue bonnet. The bas-
ting is performed for an hour without
intermission, by means of blue bonnets.
The herds of Clydesdale, I am assured,
would not trust to any other instru-
ment in chafing the animal." Jamie-
son in Elfshot, and Suppl. " When
" cattle are swollen they are said to be
degbowed. I have fi'equently known
" a farmer strike a sharp knife through
the skin, between the ribs and the
" hips, when the cow felt immediate
" relief from the escape of air through
" the orifice, so that the distended car-
" case instantly collapsed, and the ex-
crements blown with great violence
to the roof of the cow house." Carrs
Craven Gl. " Deggbound, mightily
" swelled in the belly." Yorkshire
dialogue, Gl. 1697, A.D.
Ome ? -an ; fem. ? corrupt humour, es-
pecially gastric, the pituita of the
medical and classical authors ; also
Erysipelas, the external symptom of
such a humour. Lb. I. xxxv. Dat.
pk Omum ; gen. pi. Omena. The
analogy of the Islandic suggests a
feminine form.
Ompjie, fem., gen. -an, dock, rumex; the
German Ampfer, masc, dock, rumex.
" Rodinaps, ompre, docce," Gl. Mone,
p. .322 a. " Cocilus,' Gl, Cleop. If
KavKaXis, not likely. Of the Omppe,
that will swim, see Docce, Lb. I. viii.
2 ; III. xxvi. Lacn, 23.

C C

402

GLOSSARY

Onyealle, fellon. Lb. I. xxxix., xli., obi.

cas., from the contents.
On]ied, gen. -es, some wort ; herba quaj-

dam. Lb. L xl. i. ; IL lii. 1.
Onrpjiengan, to administer a clyster. Lb.

1. iv. 6. From Spjimg, a gush of water,
hence, a lavement, a sousing, a washing,
a KXvffjxds.

Onji8&p ? unripe. Lb. I. ii. 14.
Opa)-, Quad. viii. 6, plural of Hojih.
Oxan)-lyppe? fem. ? gen. -an, oxlip,

primula elatior. Lb. I. ii. 15.
Oxnalib, neut, ? oxheal, Hellehorus fatidus

and H. viridis (Cotgrave in Ellebore).

Oleotropius, Gl. Dun. Lb. L xxxii.

2. ; L x.

P.

Pic, gen. -es, neut, pitch, pix. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 9 ; II. xli. ; III. xv.

Pipop, gen. -es, masc, pepper, piper;
Lb.IL vii.

Poc, gen. pocces, masc, a pock, pustula ut
in variola. Lb. I. xl.

Punb, gen. -es, neut.; 1. a pound, as Lexx.
2. a pint. Lb. II. Ixvii. So " Norma,
" paetep punb," Gl. Somn. p. G8 b, 11.,
that is, a pound of water is a pint of
water, and a pint of water is a pint for
all liquids.

Puj-lian, to pick out the best hits, optima
qnacpie legere. Lb. III. Ixix. " Peuse-
" len, (among kindred senses) summis
" digitis varia cibaria carpere," (Kilian).

R

Rsesejieofe, fem., Lb. XL xxxi. ; also
Raegepeosa, masc, Lb. I. Ixxi. ; pi. -an ;
the two ridges of muscles on cither side of
the spine up and down the back. " Pissli,

Rseg e] 1 eof en — con t.

" reosan," Gl. Mone, p. 321 b. ult.
Pissli is a contraction of Paxilli ; simi-
larly " Peysel, pieu, echalas" Roque-
fort. But, as we know from Cicero,
Paxillus was also contracted into Palus,
and these muscles were called Pala?,
like Pala, stipes, palus, in Du Cange.
" Rugge — bratun, pahe, sunt dorsi dex-
" tra Iffivaque eminentia membra," Gl.
Hoffmann. " Palsc Ugutioni 'Dorsi
" ' dextra Isevaque eminentia membra,
" ' dicta sic, quia in luctando eas pre-
" ' mimus, quia luctari vel luctam
" ' Gra3ci dicunt Palim.' ' Palai sunt
" ' dorsi dextra laevaque eminentia
" ' membra ; dicta quod in luctando
*' ' eas pi'emimus, quod Grseci traXaUiv
" ' dicunt.' Isidorus," and so on (Du
Cange). The sense suits the passages
where jisegeiieoj-an occurs, Lb. I.
Ixxi., Ixxxi. ; II. xxxi, " Pala;,
j;e]'culb)je," Gl. Somn. p. 71 a, 44, the
shoulder blades, and in this sense the
dictionary to Cajlius Aurelianus, who
often uses the word, understands it.
•' Pala;, ricgrible," Gl. Mone, p. 317 b.

Raej) ? row, ordo, series: dat. jiaepe, CD.
vol. iii. p. XXV. ; ace. jisej'e. Lb. II.
xxxiii ; also Gl. in Lye.

Rasa, Rage, lichen, X^ixh^. Lb. I.
xxxviii. 8 ; I. Ixviii.

Ra^u ~i meo]-, Deuteron. xxviii. 42,
neither word is used therewith precision.
The Gl. give Massiclum, Mossidum,
which are formatives of our Moss,
lichen being considered a sort of moss.

Ramgealla, masc, gen. -an, " ramgalV
From the name gall, no doubt a gentia-
naceous plant ; said Lb. I. Ii. to be par-
ticoloured. This description answers to
Menyanthes trifoliata, which is very
bitter and much administered by herb
doctors. (Sir J. E. Smith.)

Renbpian, I presume to be the still current
Render, applied to suet. Suet is full of
films, thin membranes, with some other

GLOSSARY.

403

Renhpian— co?«<.

not fatty substances ; to render it, is to
make it homogeneous by melting. The
word may be a derivative of Hrein,
clean. Gejienbjnan is applied to elm-
rind, Lb. I. XXV. 2. ; to the black alder,
I. XV. 4.

Rengpyjim, Ren-p., RsEng-p. Sec j^yjnn.

Rib, neut., a rib. Lb. II. xlvi. S.S.
p. 198, U.

Ribbe, gen. -an, fern. ? ribwort, plantago
lanceolata. lib. xxviii. Lb. 1. 11. 22.

Ryben ; i> jieabe jiyben. Lb. III. xlviii.

Rinb, gen. — e, fem. ; rind, cortex. Lb. I.
xxxvili. 5, 6. ; II. Ixv. 2, and often.
Horn. II. 8 and 114. Lyes quotation
■was false. Lb. I. xlv. 5, and the more
recent deduction from him.

Ri)'oba, rheum, pivfxaTiafj.6s, a flowing.
Lb. lix. 7. .S'ee Brem. Worth, p. 502. 4.

Rop, masc, gen. jioppes, the colon, tvide
inteatine. Lb. II. xxxi. often.

Ror, neut., scum, spuma, reiecfamentum.
Lb. II. XX. as Hpot.

Rube, fem., gen. -an, rue, Hutu graveo-
Icns. Foreign, but adopted. J7ilbe
juibe, Lb. I. ii. 1, Is foreign, but a
garden herb, Peganum harmala.

Rubraohn, read Rubniohn, Lb. III. Iviii.,
a Norse word signifying Bed stalked,
from jio'S, red, nioll stalk. It is said, to
grow by running water ; and it is Poly-
gonum hydropiper, called Redshanks or
Water pepper in Bailey's dictionary.

Run, gen. -e, secret, heathen mystery,
arcanum quid,'Byr. 363.

Leob pune, gen. -an, fem., the sanic,
idem. Lb. I. Ixiv.

s.

Sse)>e]iie, Su^ejiige, fem., gen. -an, savory,
safureia hortensis. The interpretation,
" Satirlon," Gl. Somn., p. 64 b, 16, is
an evident error. Savory is in England
a garden plant, and retains its foreign

Saej^epie — conf,
name. All the orcliis tribe are " bal-
" loc " worts. Lb. III. xii. 2.

Sajj, gen. -es, neut. everywhere : See ace.
Sapan, Lb. II. xxviii. It is also, as
Sio sap, sometimes put for Sio sojih ;
Bw. 49, 29. So G.D. 201 b. C.E. 134,
line 23.

Sajicjien, disposed to soreness. Lb. II. 1. 1.
There is no corresponding word in
the Hellenic text ; this Is epexegetical,
and must be interpreted accordingly.

Scapu, fem., gen. -e, the share, that is,
the puhes. Lb. II. xxxi, xxxii. It is a
word well known to those who have
heard pure English spoken, and is neither
" Ilium " nor " Penis " nor " Alvus,"
but something near each of those. The
books generally make a confusion, but
Sharebone is always, I think, Os pubis.
See a quotation in Halliwell, but strike
out " of a man." Compare also Peuil,
pubes, with Penul, a schare, in Garlande
and Biblesworth, p. 121, p. 148.

Sceaban, prset. Sceab, p. part. Sceaben, to
shed, let fall ; also intransitively fall ;
i?ifundere, inspergere. Lb. I. ii. 23. ;
L Ixi. 2.; ILiii. Hb. ii. 6. Cf. Lye,
Sceban. iEj-ceba, migma, Gl. in Lye,
which is doubtless to be imderstood
as the substantive of 'ATroixvTTfaBas,
Emungi.

Sceapen, adj., of sheep, ovimis. Lb. I. Iviil.

Scea)X);lian, to scrape, radere. lib. Ixxxi.
5. The L Is frequentative.

f Sceajipan, prget. f Sceapp, scrape, es-
pecially scrape herbs fine. Gej-ceapp,
lib. Ivii. 1. The same in substance as
Sceajipan, Hb. 1. 2.

Sceajipe, fem., gen. -an, a scarification,
incisura in cute. Lb. I. Ivl.; I. xxxv.

Sceappian, to scarify, in. superficie ccedere.
Lb. I. xxxii. 2.

Sceopjran, to scarify, rodere, mordcre.
Scypf'5, Scyjiyenbiun, Lb. I. xvlli. pa.
gaepj-ci^af T J^a pyptjiuraan fceojifenbe
paepon, O.T. 270, line 32, began gnawing
the grass sprouts and the roots.

c c 2

404.

GLOSSARY.

Scmlac, gen. -es, neut., cpi apparition,
visum ; gen. Gl. Mone, p. 402 b. ;
jieaylaces, Matth. xxiii. 25. Boat. p. 55,
7 ; accus. aeni5 j'cmlac, Quad. x. 1 ;
plur. -lacu, SMD. 27 b ; constr. neuter,
DD. 437 foot, M.Sp. 8, plur. Scmlac,
Quad. ix. 1. But see lyblacas, DD. 344.

Scycel, dxtny, from Scitan. Quadr. iii.
14, xi. 13. Sec the passages, where
Somners notion of testiculus would
require some drying process not
mentioned.

Scjimiman, to shrink, a synonym of Scjun-
can. Lb. I. xxvi., contents. " Skrim-
" pen, adj. som vrider eller undslaaer
" sig for Arbeide, som er meget kiselen
" eller emtaalig," Molbech, 07ie ivho
flindies from work, etc. Cf Shrammed,
chilled (pinched with cold, O.C.) Wilts.
Scrimd ; Devon, (heard by myself).

Scpu)-, Gej'ceojiy, neut., scurf. Lb. II.
XXXV, lib. clxxxi. 3.

Seaban, Sea'San, a feeling as if the cavity
of the body were full of water swaying
about, KKvSooves, unduJationes, Lb. I.
xiv.

Sealh, Sealh, masc, gen. -ej*, the sallow,
salic-em, salix, of which seventy Eng-
lish sorts are reckoned. The termination
of the gen. shows the word is not fern.,
and few names of trees are neuter.

Red Sallow, Lacn. 89, Salix rubra.
See also S. repens, of Smith.

Seaji, neut., gen. -ej-, juice. Hb. v. 2.
Lb. I. ii. 14, and frequently.

Sees, masc, gen. -ej*, sedge; '^ car ex,
" gladiolus," Gl. in Lye ; masc. Lb. I.
xxiii. ; gen. I. xxxix.

)>omopj-ecs, " hammer sedge." Lb.
I. Ivi. 2. Homop is probably a bird, as
in yellow hammer. " Scorellus, omem"
Gl. C. Emberiza. Of. clobhameji, Gl.
Mone, 315 a; also Gl. Dief.

Reab sees, " red sedge," Lb. I. xxxix.

Selyaere, gen. -a.n,uvcnafatua? wild oat?
Lb. I. xxxiii. 2 ; III. viii., and perhaps
by emendation for yeaXy ajcan, Lb. I.
xlvii. 2.

f Sengian, singe ; see Bej'ensian ; ohg.
Sengjan, Biseugjan, and Bij-eng is what
grammarians would have end in a vowel.

Sybe, masc, decoction, a.<pi^r]ixa, Hb. cliii. 4,
from Seo(San.

Sibsam, Lb. II. Ixv. 5.

^lye, sieve, constr. as neut. Lb.|I. xxxviii. 5,
as Germ. Sieb, neut. Yet Dutch Zeef is
fem.

Syye'San, Siye'San, Sioye'Sau, pl. bran, fur-
fures. Boet. p. 91, line 23. Gl. Cleop.
In lib. civ. 1, it translates wjU'? A-i^cts,
which is said to be flour ; but here is a
tradition that it is bran.

Siselh))eo]iva, gen. -an, masc. 1. Yellow
milfoil, Achillea tomentosa, masc, as
Lb. III. xxxii. In Hb. 1. =Heliotropion.
All plants turn to the sun, which of them
is meant ? In MS. V. " Achillea ser-
" rata " (II.) seems to be drawn ; the
other drawings do not at all resemble
this. " Eliotropia, sigelhverpha. Elio-
" trophus, sigel hveorfa. Nimphea, collon
" croh vel sigelhveorua. Solsequia, si-
" gel hveorua. Achillea, collon croch,"
Gl. Dun. Most of these are translations,
and so equivalents : nymphea is the
yellow water lily, and croh is crocus, yel-
low also. The testimony of the drawing
falls in so well with that of the old
glossary, that we must accept Achillea ;
and as we must also attend to the hints
for yellowness, it must be A. tomentosa.

2. Scorpiurus heliotropion, for Hb.
cxxxvii. is founded on Dioskorides,
■i]\LOTp6TnovTo fxiyo.,0 %vLoi iKaXiaar <TKop-
iriovpov. The figure in MS. T. for art. 1.
agrees. The drawing in MS. V. art.
cxxxvii. is nearly destroyed, what re-
mains looks like "Polygonum convol-
" vulus." (H.) The "round' seed"
forbids us to think of sunflower, Ileliau-
thus, which is also Mexican.

3. Cicliorium intybus? Often Turnsol
and Heliotrope in glossaries. So Germ.
Sonnen wendel (Adelung).

4. Euphorbia helioscopia.

A small Siselhpcojije, Lb. 1. xliv. 2.

GLOSSARY.

405

Sisj-once, a wort, herba quaidam ignota.

Lb. I. xxxi. 7.
Sme)>e, ever easy ; j-in-ehju', Lb. II. xlvi.
Sinjulle, gen. -an, Iiouselcck, Scrnpcrvlvum
tectorum. The syllabic sm like sera in
Semper, means always; as also in Sm-
Sjiene. Smj-ulle is Sempervivum, Hb.
ex XV. That herb is drawn in MS. V.,
explained, as the green pigment has
left only the external cast in the vellum,
by MS. A., and in MS. G., where it is
glossed " hufwurc," that is, Ilauswurz,
and in MS. T. These all point the same
way. Singreen seems only a more generic
tcmi, in later times, but " The mickle
" sinfulle," Lb. II. xxxiv., shows that
this term also in early times would in-
clude Sedums, as S. Telephium, Lb. I.
iii. 11.

Sm^jiene, fern., gen. -an, siiujreen, any
sort of Sedum, with sempervivum tecto-
rum, literally always green. Hb. Ixxxvi.
" Sedo magno, Ilouseleeke or Sen-
" greene," Florio. " Joubarbe, House-
" leek, Sengreen, Aygreen, etc." Cot-
grave. In Hb. xlix. = Temolus, that is,
Moly, the Homei'ic fxUXv, a garlic, Allium
moly. In Dansk. the evergreen periwinkle,
Vinca. pa. j-malan pngjienan, Lb. I.
viii. 2, shows that Singreen was a gene-
ric name. " Colatidis," also " Temolus
" vel titemallos," Gl. Dun. " Temolus,"
Hb. xlix., saying the root is bulbous,
drawing it large, and with leaves and
stem in MS. V., like Pinguicula vulgaris
(II.), with no resemblance to Vinca.

Smtjiaenbel, masc. ? a bolus, "■ tiirundula,"
Lat. Hb. xiv. 2. Sm, as in Smepealc,
round; T]ienbel has a masc. termina-
tion.

Slajiie ? gen. -an. Salvia sclareu. Lb. I.
XV. 5.

Slecgecan, palpitate with strong beats, Lb.
II. xxvii ; from Slecse, a sledge hammer,
and the fre(iucntative termination -ecan,
-etcan.

Slype ? gen. -an, a viscid or sloppy sub-
stance. Masc. Lb. I. i. 6. Fem. Lacn.

Slype — cnnt.

40. Cf. Slipis. Of. Cu slyppan, Oxan
slyppan.

Smegapyjim, Smoega -, Smea-, masc, gen
-ef. Lb. I. liii. ; III. xxxix., a worm or
insect that penetrates, that eats its way, a
Imrroiving insect; cf. Norse, Smjuga, 1.
irrepere, 2. penetrarc, E. Smut;an, to

• creep, Smyj;elai-, cuniculi, conies or their

burrows. Somn. Gl. M.M.
Smepoj'vjic, 1. Aristolochia rotunda, for-
eign, and A. c/e;wai/i!w,English. Hb. xx.,
Lb. III. xlvii., with several glossaries
and MSS., Gl. Dun., Gl. Harl. 3388, Gl.
Sloane, 5. A. longa, Gl. Sloane, 405.

2. Mercurialis, Gl. Kawl. C. 607. Gl.
Harl. 3388 in margin. G. de Bibles-
worth, p. 162. Gl. Sloane, T), fol. 34.
Gl. Sloane, 135.

3. From the qualities, Pinguicula,
butterivort.

Smican, to simidgc, illincre. Lb. I. xxxi. 3 ;
related to modern Smut ; in Lye Smitca.

Snseb, fem. gen. -e, a bolus, a morsel, Lacn.
81. Lb. I. XV. 6 ; L Iii. 3 ; 11. Ixiv. ;
III. Ixii. p. 348 ; III. Ixv. Seo snaeh,
Horn. IL 272. S.S. p. 169, line 809.
But Sa snffibas, CD. 207.

Soj;o'5a, gen. -an, corrupt humour, pituita
with hiccup, hicket, sobbing, Xvyixds, sin-
gultus, Hb. xc. 11 ; Lb. I. ii. 1 ; II.
xxxix., where the original is fiiTo. Se
ravra Av^ovnri. Alex. Trail, p. 480, ed.
Basil. From Sujan.

JElj)-oj;o'iSa, elvish hiccup, the same
thing gone to a frightful extreme. Thus
Trdi/ra yap c-7roirj(ra Tavra Kal tizl /xeyaAov
\vyi.Lov -roaoiiTOV, ws vttovouv kKrhs K\iv7)s
ii^dWeadai rhv KaixvovTa. Alex. Trail,
p. 121, ed. Paris. = lib. vii. 15, in an
instance of so strong a hiccup that wc
supposed the patient ivas springing out
of bed. Lb. III. ixii. p. 348.

Solo)-ece, Heliotropium Europceum. lib.
Ixxvi. Sprengel says that by Solse-
quium, Charlemagne understood lI.E. as
above.

40G

GLOSSARY.

Soppigan, to sop, to dip in liquid. Lb. II.
XXX. 1. Cf. Soppcuppe, fem., CD. 593,
685, 721.

SpEECan, to syringe, spout, aquam proiieere ;
Lb. II. xxii. p. 208 ult., -where the sense
hardly admits spuerc. " Spoyte, spriitzen,
" sprenken, so auch Siiddiin." Outzen.

Spejie J'yjit, 1. Ranunculus Jiavimula.
" Flamula . i . sper wortt or launsele, this
" erbe is schapyn as hit wer a sper all
" so . and in the crope of Jjc stalk
" commys aut mony smale branches •*'t
" hit has a whyte floure, "t hit groys in
" waters." MS. Bodl. 536. The flower
is yellow. " Elammula, anglice spere-
" wort," MS. Rawl. C. 607, similarly
C. 506, Harl. 3388, and again adding
" lanceola," id. " fflamula minor. Las
" sper wort hauith leuis shapid like a
" spere," Gl. Sloane, 5, fol. 32 c. GL
Sloane, 405.

2. Inula Helenium, Hb. xcvii. and
Gl. Harl. 978, make spearwort Inula
campana = Inula Helenium, Bot. Gl.
Dun. perhaps copies Hb. Gl. Brux.
agrees. MSS. V., G., A. draw spears
springing from a root.

In MS. Bodl. 130, is an explanation,
Centaurea, and a gloss in a hand of the
14th century, " Sperewert." The Gen-
taurea Cyanus is so far like Inula H.,
that it may be mistaken in a di'awing.
" Policaria minor," Gl. Harl. 3388.

3. Carex acuta, Germ. Spiessgras, is
probably meant in the following, " Fla-
" mula mynor . i . sperworte thys erbe
" has smale leuys lyke to grase, bot hit
" {omit hit) schape as hit were a speyi' .
" and growes in feldys," MS. Bodl.
536.

4. f Brassica rapa, turnep, " Nap
" silvatica [rw/Napus silvaticus'] ypepe-
" pypc," Gl. Somn. p. 64 a, 16. This
must be rejected.

Spican, spices, Latinism ? species. Lb. II.

Ixiv., contents.
Sppaccn, neut. ? bey'ry bearing alder,

Bhumnus frangula. Lb. I. xv. 4., xxiii.

Spjiacen — cont.

Germ., Spreckenholz, Sporkenholz ;
Dutch, Sporkenhout ; Dansk., Spregner;
Swed. dial., Sprakved. " Apeletuni,"
Gl. Cleop. for alnetum, misunderstood as
alnus nigra.

Sppms pyjit, fem., gen. in -e, "spring-
" wort," Euphorbia latliyris. " Sprincwrz,
" lactaridia. al. lactariola vel. citocasia,"
Gl. Hoffin. Graff, vol. i. col. 1051. "Cra-
" pucia [read cataputia'] springwort,"
a Gl. in Mone, p. 287 a. Lb. I. xxxix.
2.

ScaB>]»y]ic, fem, gen. -e, " staithwort ; "
if we choose the commonest of the sea-
shore plants it will be Statice, compre-
hending thrift and sea lavender. Lb. I.
xxsii. 3. " Aster atticus," Somner, but
why?

Scanbseh, neut., a vapour hath, contrived
by heating " stones " that would not fly,
and pouring on water. Lb. I. xli.

Stebe, masc, strangury, " stranguria," Lat.
of Quad. ii. 15., viii. 11. Radically; the
being stationary, still standing; as in
Sunnstebe, solstice. So Naj]»on hme
heopba jTebige, Gen. xxxi. 38., thi?ie
herds were not barren.

Scemp, stamp, Leechd. vol. I. p. 378.

Scicce, neut., sticky stuff, viscid fluid ; Lb.
I. xxxix. 2.

Soice, fem., gen. -e, a pricking sensation, a
stitch, a stab ; Quad. xiii. 10. Insrice,
Lb. n. liv. Ixiv. contents. All cited
passages have this declension.

Sc]iBel])y]JC, fem., gen. -e, the commonest
club moss, Lycopodium clavatum. " Cal-
" litrichon," MS. ap. Somn., but in this
term were included the club mosses.
S-]JSel as arroiv, may have given name to
this moss, as the stems look like arrows
with the feathers up and the heads in
the ground. Were it not for this gl.
we might interpret Galium verum, from
Scjia;!, bed; our ladys bed straw.

Scjieap, Stjieo]', straw, neuter in Lb. I. iii.
12. Rushw. Matth. vii. 3. (streu), is
masc. Ai5o|. 46.

GLOSSARY.

407

SuKau, to moisten, maccrare, madefucerc,
KyS'S, lib. XXXV. 3 ; p. part. SoSen, as
appears by yoj;o'5a, Foji]-oj;en; cf. Socian
in Lexx. ; also Isl. Soggr, madulun, Lb. 11.
XV. Da yojjjjoteban punbe j-u^e -j clsen-
jnge, P.A. 24 b. Moisten and cleanse the
putrijied woiind. Asogen. C.E. 373. 1. 19.
Sunbcojm, gen. -ef, neut., Saxifraya gra-
nulata. Sunbcojin,Hb. xcix. is saxifraga,
and the statement is accompanied by a
remarkable drawing, represented in the
fac simile to Leechdoms, vol. I. ; see pref.
Ixxix. The word co]in itself, as signify-
ing ^r«e«, assists our detennination of the
herb. In the Latin Apuleius, MS. Bodley,
130, a gloss is " Sundcorn." MS. A. fol.
45 b, has also a portion of earths surface,
but figures the herb above ground, not
quite correctly. '" Saxifrigia, sundcorn,"
Gl. Dun. The same gl. in the MS.
Lacn. 18, where fifteen grains are men-
tioned in the text. So Gl. Mone, p.
442 a.

2. Lithospermon ofiicinale, lib. clxxx.
It appears by a glossary in Anzeiger fur
Kunde der teutscher Vorzeit. 1835, col.
247, that the false readings meant funnan
cojm, Milium soHs, which must be taken
as an emendation of the text.
Sujie, fern., gen. -an, sorrel, Unme.v Ace-
tosa, also Oxalis.

Geace]- )'U]ie, cuckoos sorrel, Oxalis
Acctosella.

Monne)- j'ujie, Mtimex Acetosa. Lb.
Lli.
SupmelfC, sourish, sour sweet. Lb. II. i.
" Malus matranus, j-ujimelyc apulbeji/'
Gl. Somn., p. 64 b, 48 ; correct Malus
matiana, )*U]ime])'C apulbjae ; the crab
tree. " Maciana . i . mala siluestria,"
Gl. Harl. 3388. " Mala maciana, po-
" mum siluestre, wode crabbis," id.
So Dorsten, Gl. Mone, p. 290 a. Melpc
is a separate word, " Melarium, milj-c
" apulbii." Gl.M.M.p. 159 a, 27, pro-
bably for mel-ij-c, formed on Mel, honey,
which therefore appears genuine English,
as in Melj-eocel, Melbeap, St. Marh. Gl.,

Sujimelj-c — conl.
not hibrid words ; related to Mebu, mead,
SSpp. art. 511.
Spane pyjic, fem., gen. -e. Lb. I. xxxi. 7.
Spac, gen. -es. 1. sweat. 2. blood. 3.
hjdromel. Hid. 22 a. The gender has
been given only from other Teutonic
languages, as masc. ; but in Lacn. Ill,
spa iSa spat beo'5 mij-j-enlicu, us the
siveats are various, the form makes it
neuter. Dutch Zweet, neut ; Isl. Sveiti ;
Germ. Schweiss ; Swedish Svett, masc.
Specie)- ajppel ; Lib. I. ii. 12, also 21 ; I,
xiv., I. xxiii. The receipt Lb. I. ii, 12,
pepper, salt, wine, and swails apple,
corresponds with the following words of
Alex. Trail., p. 48, line 4, ed. 1548.
'AKhs ajx^wviaKov (our author often solves
his difiiculties by omission) To d, <pvXKoiv
To y , ireTre'pews To s', iroi^aas ^ripiov
vird\ei<ps Koi iroieL irphs ^7]po(p6a\i.uas.
^vA\a are the leaves of the malobathrum.
Plinius, xxiii. 43, also prescribes malo-
bathrum for the eyes,
f Spe'Sau, to swathe, not yet found, whence
Sj'a'Sil and Sjie'Sung, a sivathing. Lb. I.
xxxi. 7, and Bej-pe^an, id. Li. 2 ; II.
xlii. C.E. p. 100, 19. Weak conjuga-
tion.
Spigan, Spesan, praet. sj^eog, spogen, to
invade, pervade, penetrate. Kead Spi-
Sende, Lb. II. xxiii. Sette hine
pylj-ne ongean Jjone (so) ppegenban jyji,
M.H. 184 b. St. Martin set himself in
opposition to the invading fire. Ealle "Sa
puUneppa 'Ssep "Syj-tjian oj-nep 'Se me seji -
■Sujihppeosh on jieg apljnnebe, Beda,
629, 21. Put to flight all the foulnesses
of the darksome furnace, which previously
had scorched me. p naenis bi)-ceop ohjiep
bipceoppcipe onj-poje, Beda, 575, 32,
that no bishop invade another bishops
diocese. Of. InrpoSenny)-, invasion, Beda,
507.
Sj'yle, masc., gen. -ey, a swelling. lib. ix.
3. On myccljie sj'yle. Bed. 616, 6, is
some en-or ; see 616, 38.

408

GLOSSARY.

Sj'yjijan, przet. Sjieon)-, p. part. Si'ojijen,
to file, to grind away, ■whether by a file or
a grindstone ; and so to polish. " Spyjjyh
Hmat," Gl. Prud., p. 144 b. " Aj-}'0)i]-en
expolilus," id. p. 142 a. S].'0]ij:en C.E., p.
410, 24 ; p. 497, 18, also notes. Cf.
Gothic Swairbau ; ohg. Swerban, Fars-
werban.

Apgej-peojiy, brass filings. Lb. I.
xxxiv. 1.

Gej-jiypy, gen. -ey, filings. Hb. ci. 3.

Sjnpman, swarm, de apibus, examen ex
alveari educere. Leechd. vol. I., p. 384.
Cf. " Coaluissent, suopnabnn." Gl. C.
read suopmabun for speojimabon ?

Sjiopan, to swoon, see se]-po)'uns, swo'we in
Will, and "Werwolf, p. 4.

T.

-cangc, -cen^e, -tinge, as a tennination
occurs in Getenge, accidental to, quod
accidit alicui, in Intmga, occasion, in
Geabojitenge, adjacent, in Samtenge]-,
continually ; the same syllable is seen in
contingit, contigit, Tuyx^^'e'i', Ti^x??,
Tangere, Qiy^lv, Touch.

Teajan, to prepare, parare. '\> lanb luib to
ceagenne :• Da )> lanb Sa geteab ]>sej'.
Beda, 605, 33. Cu'Sbertht requested some
husbandry tools wherewith to till the
land; so lohen the land ivas prepared.
prset. teobe, CE. 335, 1. 16, 336, 1, 4.

Tajju, Teapo, neut., gen. -oy ; tar, gum, dis-
tillation from a tree; wax in the ear;
neut., Lb. I. xlv. 3, I. liv., I. Ixi. 1, also
makes tapan, masc, Lb. III. sxvi., xxxi.
Jpone teap, Lacn. 3. Geclsem ealle j>a
seamas mid tjTwan, Horn. I. 20, calk all
the seams Willi tar. SoGen.vi.l4. Typj^an
]-op peallum. Gen. xi. 3. Gej'opht oy
rigf Ian . t o): eop'Scypepan, OT. 304, 1 2,
wrought of tiles, thin bricks, such as the
Komans made, and bitumen.

Telgjia, masc, gen. -an, branch, ramus,
Quad. i. 7. Sume }>onne sneddun tel-
gran of treowum, Matth. xxi. 8, Rush-
worth, ed K.

Teon, prset . teah, p.p. togcn, draw,ducere.
The translation of getogen. Quad. vi. 11,
as tightened, is justified by the context
and by the following example. A monk
calls on the devil to untie his sandals,
and the devil does so : then the monk is
frightened and backs out, but '5a gepune-
bon ^'a hpanga)" on micelum bsele onto-
gene T onli'Sobe ; GD. 217 a., the thongs
remained in great part untightened and
eased.

Tetjia, Lb. II. xxx., appears to be an error
for Teteji, masc, tetter, impetigo. Hecj'S
tetep on his hchoman, P. A. 15 b., hath
tetter on his body. Se teteji butan pape
he opepSse'S ealne Sone lichoman, ibid.,
" Impetigo quippe sine dolore corpus
" occupat." So Sc 46 a. The glL,
Quad. ii. 10, Hb. xlvi. 6, cxxii.

Tipe, fern? bitch; Isl. Tik, bitch, fern.
Dansk. Ta;vc, bitch. Lb. II. Ix. contents.

Tyjibelu, Typblu, pi., Utile lords, tredles ;
the droppings of sheep are called sheeps
tredles in Somerset, trattles in Suffolk,
Sec Moor Gl. ; further. Tridlins : Craven
Gl. Lb. I. xxxi. 4, II. lix. 6, etc.

Tosecte'S, there are tuggings, spasms. Lb.

1. XXV.

Top begete, hard gotten, Lb. 1. xlv. 5.
The expression goes to mark a Dansk
admixture in the Lb. Cf. Torpenginn,
hard to get, in the Laws of Magnus the
law mender ; Nu ap Jjvi at vinno menn
ero miijk torfengnir i hera'Si, oc allir
vilia nil i kaupferdir fara. Kaupa B61kr.«
23, Now since men fur labour are very
hard to get in the country, and all will now
go a trading. Tor, with o long, is fre-
quent in later English, " It were tor for
" to telle al here atyr riche," William
and Werwolf, fol. 21 ; "It were toor for
" to telle treuli al J>e so>e," id. fol. 75,
with the notes.

GLOSSARY.

409

Tojib, a piece of duiKj, stercus conformatiun ;
neut., Lb, L xlviii. 2 ; L Ixxii. ; III.
xxxviii. Quad. vi. 14, 18, 19, 20, 21,
24, Lacn.
Tojinige, blear eyed, with eyes inflamed
and full of acrid tears. Hb. xvi, 3, "ad
" lippitudinem oculorum," Lat. Hb.
liv. 1, "ad epiphoras oculorum," Lat.,
that is, excess of lacrymose humour. A
compound of cyjian, and eaje,
To'S, tooth, dens, makes dat. sing, tot'e, Lb.
III. iv,, but reh, Exod xxi. 24, and nom.
pi. ■ce\>, Lb. III. iv., but co>as, G'5. 34,
SS. 141, ace. pi. ce'S, Lb. I. vi. .5.
Tohsap, a toothpick. Lb. I. ii. 22.' Gaji is
not a weapon originally, but alxM, some-
thing at an acute angle, as in the Gore
of a gown. See jajia, Cod. Dipl.
vol. iii.
Tpis, neut., a trough, Lb, III. xlviii. pjnxh,
another form of the same word, is fern,
in all the examples cited by Lye ; is
neut. in C. D. 118, A.D. 770. Bibbenbe
anej- lyclej- tpojej-, OT. 312, 32, Beg-
(jing for a little boat.
Tulge, root of tongue, Lb. I. xlii., there is
no notion of flesh, or muscle, or hypo-
glottis. It is Gothic, Tulgus, iSpaios,
arepeos. Gothic, TulgiSa, fem. hxvpu^a,
affcpaXiia, e5paiw/.La.
Tun5il]nnpy]it:,fem.,gen. -e, white hellebore?
Veratrum album, for it seems probable
enough, that Tunj-ingijypt, Hb. cxl, and
Gl. Dun., is a contraction of this older
form. Lb. I. xlvii. 3.
Tjiaebe, two parts in three ; Lb. III. ii, 1 . ;

III. X., xiii., xxxix.
Tjnmht, downy ; from T]>in byssus, Gl. Lb.
I. xxxi. 7.

V-

j/sejic, masc, gen. -ej-, wark,pain. Wark,
in compounds at least, is in most of the
modern gl. Dansk. Wscrk, pain. Isl.
Verkr., masc. Occurs masc. Lb. I. iv. 2 ;
II. xlvi. 1. Also p'eojice, ^eojic, ]7]iEec.

J7a;jic — cont.

See Pref. vol. I. p. xcvi. Not to be con-
founded with ^eopc, rvorh, neuter. The
feminine article in Lb, II, xlvi. 1, for
sidewark, is an error, it is masc. in the
next four lines ; such errors occurred by
attraction, for pbe is feminine,
^sepcan, be in pain. Lb. III. xviii.
]78ece]ibolla, masc, gen. -an, dropsy, dropsi-
cal humour, vSpooxp vSepos, Lb. I. xxxix.
vSepiK^I irapeyxvcns, Lb. II. xxi., OCC.
I. xliii,
J7aste)ipypc, fem., gen, in -e, waterivort,
Callitriche verna. In Hb. xlviii, water-
wort is made Callitriche, and we may
perhaps trust our botanists in their own
science for this herb. The figure in
MS. V. is such that it resembles Eapha-
uus raphanistrum stripped of leaves (H).
" Waterwort Callitriche verna" (Nem-
nich). Sir W, Hooker says Water star
wort.
]78ecla,masc., gen. -an, a cloth. Lb. II. xxii.
J7apan, wave, iactare. Lb. III. xviii.
J7ah, in pahmela, Lb. II. Iii. fnc, ohg.
Wahi, mhg, Waeke, subtilis, expolilus,
venustus, kiinstlich, fem. schon.
]7ealpypt, fem., gen. -e, tcallwort, dwarf
elder, Samhucus ebulus, Hb. xciii, ; but
Intuba, endive, intubus, Gl, Cleop. fol.
53 d.
]7ea]i, masc, boivl; Lb. II. xxi v., the same
as )>pe]i=N'oi"se Hverr, masc. It trans-
lates uter, a waterskin, Paris Psalter, Ps.
cxviii. 83,
^ea]i, masc, pi. ]'ea]ipas, a hard pimple on
the face ; a hardened callosity ,- varus.
" Vari parvi ac duri sunt circa facieni
" tumores." Paul. iEgin., col. 444 A,
Lb. I. Ixxiv.
J7ea]i5-, p'eajihbjieebe, gen. -an, fem ?, a
ivide spread warty eruption, Hb. ii. 18,
" ulcus," Lat. XX. 8; " carcinoma," Lat.
Lb. I. xxxiv.
^ece, ivcak, debilis. Lb. II. Iii. 1 ; J7ace,
DD. p. 425 vi. Without the final vowel,
Gl. E. 115 ; Sc 10 b ; Boct. p. 176 a ;
Csedm. (if Csedm.), 154, 20 MS.

410

GLOSSARY.

J7ebe, mad, furious, phreniticus, indeclin-
able in Hb. i. 25, in contents see var.
lect. ii. 21, contents iv. 10, xxxvii. 5, etc.
Lb. I. Ixix.

]7esb]i8ebe, fera., gen. -an, properly " way-
" broad," but called waybread; 1. Plan-
tago maior; 2. )-eo pupe pegbjiBebe,
plantago media, it it hoary, hirsute,
lib. ii.. Lb. n. Ixv., etc.

]7en5e, j^sense, f anje, neut, gen. -an,
cheek, Lucca; Matth. v. 39 ; Luke v. 29 ;
Lb. L i. 8, 10 ; III. xlvii. ; Horn. IL 180.
And him 'Sa pongan bjiice'S, S.S. 140.

j7cnn, ]7en, a wen, masc, pi. pennas. Lb.

I. Iviii, ; III. XXX. ; Lacn. 12.
J7enpy]ic, fem., gen. -e ; " wenwort," is of

sorts: — 1. cluphc, or cloved ; Lb. I. Iviii.,

II. Ii. 3. 2. cneoehce, kneed ; id. I. Ixvi.
Wenwort must be so called from curing
■wens ; for wens are good, says Salmon,
" Alexander, Archangel, Asarabacca,
" Celandine, Chickweed, Coriander,
" Crow foot, Cresses, Darnel, Endive,
" Figwort, Laser wort, Lentils, Melilot,
" Purslane, Thorowwax, Turnsole,
" Wound wort." Among these, for 1,
Eununculus ucris, as crow foot, Eanun-
culus Jicaria, as the lesser celandine, and
for 2, Darnel, Lolium temulentum, are the
most likely.

j7ejimob, gen. -es, masc, wormwood, Arte-
misia absinthium. Lb. II. xxii., Ixv. 5 ;

III. iii. 2, xxxi.

Se ]ula j'ejxmob, Anthemis coiula ? Lb.
III. viii.

]7ice, imjch elm, Ulmus mordana, occ. Lb. 1.
xxxvi. Declension and gender unas-
certained.

p'lpel, raasc, a beetle. Lb. III. xviii.

To]ib]iij:el, Scarabaus stercorarius,
Linn. Geotrupes, others Lb. III. xviii. It
feeds on and lays its eggs in dung.

}7ilbe (with final vowel), wild, silvestris-
f ilbe apra. Gl. K. 21. (Lye inexact),
pilbe bap. Gl. It. 20. (Lye inexact).
]7ilbe oxa. Gl. R. 19, which has also
pilbe cynnep hopp. 20. pilbe cyjijet.

^ilbe — cont.

Gl. E. 39, but pilb, 44. j7ilbe popig.
G1.R.41. Hpicpilbepinseapb. G1.R.39.
J7ilbe laccuce. Gl. R. 44. (Lye inexact).
filbe neep. Gl. R. 42 and 44. (Lye
inexact), yilbe prngejib. Gl. R. 39.
J7ilbe pyp. Gl. R. 11. (Lye inexact).
To some of Lyes quotations are attached
no references. j7ilbbeo)i is a compound,
sometimes written pilbeop, and the geni-
tive plural is pilbbeopa. The separate
words are found Nan pilbe beoji. Hom.
I. 486. )>apa'S pilbe mob. S.S. 168,
line 755, where mob is neuter. Lib. I.
xxxvii. 2. Probably more examples of
e dropped, than as above, may appear.

Pylpen ? or -ne ? gen. -e, a she wolf, lupa.
Quad. ix. 7. Germ. Wolfinn. Cf.
Mynecenu.

]7yllec8eppe, -cyjipe, fem., gen. -an, fenu-
greek, Trigonellafcenum grcecum, from Gl.
Brux. Gl. Dun.

I^mbelpcjieaji, neut., gen. -ep, windle straw,
cynosurus cristalus. Lb. I. iii. 12.
Jamieson. Nemnich. The expression
" two edged " belongs perhaps to the
spike. But Mylne (Indigenous Botany)
did, and the author of the name, Par-
kinson, must have understood Agrostis
spica venti.

j7ypm, masc, gen, -ep, any creeping thing,
ivorm, snake, dragon, mite, insect, acarus,
vermin. Lat. Vermis and Vermiculus.
So multipedae are " many foot wormes,"
in Hollands Plinius. The numerous
worms mentioned in the Saxon text are
not all lumbrici.

Anapyjim. See Ana.
]'^iinb]ij]Mn, hand worm, perhaps trans-
lating Keipiai as if from Xelp. Keipiai
occurs as lumbrici lati in Actios, 492 e
Lb. I. 1. " Teredo, urcius, surio, Gl. in
Lye. Surio, or Sirio, which is the name
of the itch mite in many European lan-
guages, seems to me to be only Cirio
from x^'V > ^^^ ^t the same time an
error for Kfipia. The lumbricus latus is
l^ania solium or Bothriocefalos latus.

GLOSSAKY.

411

J7y]im — cont.

In Cod. Exon. p. 427, 24, it is said to be
" delved," whence the translation " earth
" worm " seemed justified.
Smoesapypm, see letter S.
Deappypm, dew worm, in Lb. I. 1.,
infests the feet.

Een5py)im, Ren-, ringed uiorm, a kind
of belly worm. Alex. Trallianus divides
the worms which infest the human body
into three, of which this is one. TlpSnoy
Tolvvv rifias elSevai 8e7, ws rpirrdv elpriKa-
(Tiv oi ira\a.w\ T(hv kKjxivOoiv elSos, fv jxkv
TO ixiKpov irdvv KoX Xiirrdv, 'o KaXelv
tlwOaffLv aaicdpiSas, Sevnpov 5e tovtuv
(TTpuyyvAov,] koI rp'nov aWo tc» tw>'
■K\aTf:Lwv. Ed. Ideler, p. 315. To the
same effect M. Psellus in the same
vol. p. 241. The moderns have more
sorts. Hb. Ixv. See Lb. I. xlviii. xlix.
They seem to derive their name from
the rings of some of them. An earth-
worm is Anseltjncce.

pypmpyjic, ivormwort, Seduni album or
villosum. Wilde Prick madame. (Lyte)
Lb. I. xxxix. ; L Ivii. ; HI. ii. 6.
Chenopodium anthelminticum is Ameri-
can.

J7y]ip, gen. -e, fem., recovery, valetudo in
melius conversa. Lb. I. iv, 5. Nu ij-
j^ffifc bsejin cymen apsecneb to pyppe
]>eopcum ebpea, C.E. 5, line 8, noiv is
ihitt bairn come, raised up for the recovery
of the Hebrews from their miseries. The
passage is congratulatory. C.E. 336,
line 5.

J7y]itun5, fem., gen. -e, a preparation of
worts. Quad. iv. 5.

]7itmBe]iep pypc, j^ihcmasjiep pypt, " Wlht-
" mars wort." Lb. I, ii. 13. " Britta-
" nica Vihtmeres vyrt vel heaven hin-
" dele," Gl. Dun. It may therefore be
spoonwort, scurvy grass, Cochleariu
Amjlica. See ]>8epen hybele.

^I'Se- p'l'SojJinbe, gen. -an, fem. ?, withy-
wind, convolvidus, both Conv. sepium and
arvensis. Lb. I. ii. 20; I. vi. 7; I. xlix.

J7i'Sis, masc, gen. juSiep, a withy, a willow,
salix. Lb. I. Ixxiv. JEG. 13, line .'54.

f onpceajra and ^a ponpceajran, Lb. II.
xxxviii. and contents, may be taken either
as lividness or meagreness. The passage
of Philagrios, does not exhibit the word.

j/jiaetcc, gen. -ep, crosswort, galitim crucia-
tum. Lb. III. i., viii. Lacn. 12,29. Wa-
rantia j'pet, gl. Leechd. vol. I. p. 376.
" Vermiculum . i . parance . i . protte,"
Gl. Ilarl. 978, with " cruciata maior
" warence," Gl. M, The Galium tribe
were often called by names which mark
their relationship to the Madder, thus
Vermiculus, properly the cochineal insect
used to get a red dye, transfers its name
to Madder, Kubia tinctorum, and Mad-
der gives its appellations to the Galiunis
its relatives. " Cruciata maior . i .
" warence . anglice madir," Gl. Harl.
3388.

pububenb, -bmb, gen. -es, masc. ?, wood-
bind. Hb. clxxii.; Lb. I. ii. 21 ; IIL ii. 1 ;
III. xxxi., convolvulus, from the leaves of
the drawing, the likeness to the caper
plant, and modern usage ; which, besides
convolvulus, applies the name also to tlie
honeysuckle.

p'ubu cejiuiUe, wood chervil, cow parsley,
Anthriscus silvestris. Ce]iuille being an
English adaptation of Cerefolium, Xaipi-
(pvKKov (Columella), and ]iubu being
taken in the sense of our wild, we as-
certain at once, that we have here the
Chairophyllum silvestre, which Koch
and Hooker now name Anthriscus silv.
Ncmnich agrees, and Lytes description.
In lib. Ixxxvi. wood chervil is made to
be Asparagus agrestis, and the drawings
in MSS. v., T., A. have clearly the
characteristics of Asparagus officinalis.
If our Saxon interpreter held his opinion
with deliberation, he differs from the
rest of our English world. Asparagus
in MS. Bodl. 130, is drawn like the
mature plant.

J7ubu lecfcjuc, masc, wood lettuce, ivild
sleepwort, Lactuca scariola is lib. xxxi.

■il2

GLOSSARY.

]7ui?u leccjnc — cont.
Lactuca sylvatica. Masc. G.D. 11a. The
gloss in H. Scariola must be accepted ;
Sir J. E. Smith turns it Friclily Lettuce ;
Sir W. Hooker says it is found on waste
ground in Cambridgeshire, at Southend,
Essex, and formerly near Islington. He
adds that the garden lettuce, L. sativa, is
not a native of this country. " Lactvica,
" letuse, slepewort, idem ; domestica et
" campestris." Also " Lactuca agrestis,
" rostrum porcinum . mylk thistell." MS.
Ilarl. 3388. " Lactuca silvatica idem
" wild letys, \>\s erbe has leuys like to a
" thystell, and they ben scharpe "t ken "t
" hit has a floure of purpure colour, "t
" hit groys in feldes "t in whet," MS.
Bodl. 536, fol. 17. The word purpure
was in early times an exact repetition
of purpureus, which the Romans applied
to any bright colour. The flower of
Lactuca scariola is yellow. Lactuca sil-
vatica has yellow rays in MS. Bodl. 130,
but the leaves are too like sword blades.
It is there glossed Suge J?hiftel, that is,
sow thistle. " Scarola . endiua . tx°nna
(?) lactuca agrestis," Gl. M. The
drawing in MS. T is an exact representa-
tion of i. scar?o7a, glossed Branca vrsina,
to which there is resemblance.

p'ubu ]io]:e, hpoje, gen. -an: 1. Affodehis
ramosus. In lib. xxxiii., liii. Woodroffe
is astula regia, that is hastula regia, the
royal sceptre, and all accounts agree that
it is a kind of onion, an asfodelaceous
plant, with a vast number of bulbs,
" Lxxx. simul accvvatis sa»pe bulbis,"
" Plinius, xxi. 68 ; and though it has
" transfeiTcd its name to the daffodil,
" yet not that plant. Narcissus pseudo-
" narcissus, is its equivalent. The As-
phodelus is figured in IMS. V. fol. 28 a,
but the flower is gone ; the drawing, as
much as remains, matches that in Fuch-
sius, p. 121. " Asphodellus, wode houe"
(so), MS. Harl. 3388. " Astula regia. i .
" wode rove," MS. llawl. C. 607. " Ilas-
" tyca regia . i . woderofe." MS. Bodl. 536.

]7ubu )ioj:e — cont.

" Aff'odillus vude hofe," (.so), Gl. Dun.
So Gl. M. Euchsius makes his goldwurz,
asfodelus luteus, Gl. R. 40. Lacn. 69.

2. Asperula odorata, modern usage.
In MS. Bodl. 130 ; for hastula regia is
drawn a true Asperula, with gloss in
14th century hand " woodrofe." "Rubea
" minor woodroff'," MS. Bodl. 178.

pubupoi'e, gen. -an, fern., wild rose, dog-
rose, hedgerose, rosa canina. Lb. I.
xxxvii. 1.

J7ubu peaxe, gen. -an, fern ? loood wax,
wood loaxen, Genista tinctoria. Lb. I.

xlvii. 2 ; III. XXX.

]7ul]es camb, masc, gen. -cs, " wolfs-
" comb," ivild teazle, Dipsacus silvestris.
In Hb. cliii. translates xfM"'^*''"') "which
in clvi. is turned by jailyej* csejd ; as the
teazing wool is combing it, this has no
surprise. The figure in MS. V. art. xxvi.
is a teazle, so MS. T. The equivalent
XafxaiiXaia was misunderstood by our
interpreter. However x'*M'*'^*'<"' i* no
teazle at all, but a stemless thistle, the
Carlina acaulis, see eojojihuotu, Masc.
Lacn. 3.

^uUian, wipe with icool, lana dclergerc.
Quad. vii. 4.

]7unbel ? a wound, pi. jumbela, Hb. i. 11,
cont., iv. 10, ix. 2. ]7uubeian, DD, 417,
xxiii.

]7u]ime?, fem. ?, gen. -an, woad, Isatis
tinctoria. Somn. in Lex, has a gloss,
" Lutimi," which is woad. Lb. II. Ixv. 4.
j7u]ime being properly any thing having
the power of dying, not blue, but ver-
milion ; and representing the venniculi
or cochineal insects.

l^eajiy, peojiy, wanting in something, ivSe-qs,
cut (pdd opus est, as they interpret the
Norse harfi. Whence 1, poor. 2, un-
leavened, of bread. 3, skimmed, of milk.
Lb. II. lii. 1.

GLOSSARY,

41S

peapm, gut, pi. -ma)*, (juts, intestina. But
i> sm£El}>eapme, Lb. IL xxxi. Da'Sybhe
ajynep hme mib limbe]ie]ibe fceaj.Te on
■Saec fmael'Seajime, P. A. 55. a, Then
Ahner stabbed him with the hinder end of
his spearshaft in the small gut. Gl. R. has
both fma;l{?ea]imaj- and smajle Jjeajimaj-,
74.

pepejiopn, Jjejanjjojm, niasc, gen. -ej-,
" tufty thorn," buckthorn, Bhamnus ca-
tharticus and H.frangula, Lb. I. Ixiv.
"Ramni. i. J^efe'horn," GL Harl. 978.
So Gl. Arundel, 42, Gl. Dun., Gl. M. M.
p. 162 a, 24.

pegian for t>isan, press, pierce, by con-
traction Jjyn, -which see. Lb. L xvii. 1.
pupfce seK^sebe, C.E., p. 92, line 17.
Lacn. 114.

pelma, masc, gen. by analogy in -an ;
lib. I. XXXV. Fojijjylmian in the Lam-
beth Psalter is obscurare. Foji'Son J^e
)jeo)'tpu ne beo^' }0]i>ylmobe vel yoy\-
j*]'0]icene to J^e : T niht )*pa j-pa dasg bi5
onlihceb. Quia tenebraj non obscura-
buntur a te, et nox sicut dies illumina-
bitur, Ps. cxxxviii. 11. Ne J^eapy he
hopian no • Jiyj^jnim fojihylmeb • \> he
Jjonan more, Judith x. = p. 2.3, line 1 2,
Thwaites. Combined with burning brands
of fire in Cod. Exon. p. 217, line 23 =
MS. fol. 60 a, line 4. Compare Aia to
eTrt(p4p€ii' Tovs Kara Trviyfihy Kivovvovs Koi
Kai^iv T^v (fxipvyya, Dioskor. iv. 156, with
Hb. clxxxi. 2, last words, pelma and heat
go together in the Lb. In Hb. cxl. 1 , I do
not find the words the Saxon had before
him, but translate as guided by clxxxi.

peoh hpeojiya, masc, kneecap, Lorica, Gl.
llarl. , ge7iusculum. So " Whirl booau,
the round bone of the knee, the patella,"
Gl. to Tim Bobbin. The bone has
some similarity to lumbar and caudal
vertebrae.

peop, the dry disease, fern., gen. -e. See
Jjeopabl. Fem. Lb. III. xxx., contents ;
if Jjseiie be correct.

peojiabl, fem., the dry disease or wasting
away. Lb. II. Ixiii. A different signifi-

peopabl — conl.

cation was assigned by Somner, whose
words are " Deop, '5eo]ie, morbus qui-
" dam,fortasse, inflammatio, phlegmone,
" an inflammation, a blistering heat of
" the blood or a swelling against nature
" being hot and red." Probably this
conjecture of Somners was founded
partly on the etymological considerations
which follow, peoji seems to have for
its kindred words )>j\i dry, J'ypjT thirst,
that is, dryness, the German dorre, dry,
and a large number of other words, for
which see Spoon and Sparrow, arts 478,
592, etc. In the German Diirrsucht
(dry sickness') atrophy, meagreness, con-
sumption, the withering efi'ects of dry-
ness have produced the expression. The
Latin equivalent for these ideas would
be Tabes, which is treated of by Celsus
(iii. 22) as having for its species arpocpia,
atrophy, Kaxe^ia, corrupt habit of body,
and (pdiais, consumption, peojiabl ap-
pearing in the feet. Lb. xlvii., is Tabes
iu pedibus, such a wasting away of the
feet as arises from ulceration produced
by an over long journey on foot. That
the disease is spoken of as local some-
times follows from the teaching of
Celsus : " Huic (scil. cachexiae) prater
" tabem, illud quoque nonnunquam ac-
" cidere solet, ut per assiduas pustulas
" aut ulcera, simama cutis exasperetur,
" vel aliquas corporis partes intumes-
" cant." That worms belong to the
disease is paralleled in German, which
has its Diirremaden, worms which cause
a meagre habit and atrophy.

peo]i]'yp-, 'Syo]i]'ypr, fem., gen. -e, plough
man's spikenard. Inula conyza, formerl}-
called C. squarrosa. Germ. Durrwurz,
Doorkraut ; which is as above. Lb. III.
xxx. Lacn. 40.

pymel, a thumbstall. Lb. I. Ixxv. Thimble
is the same word, the material is not in
the syllables. Cf. Gemi. Diiumling, a
thumbstall; Dutch, Duymelinck, tegmen
sive munimen pollicis, theca pollicts

414

GLOSSARY.

pymel — cont.

(Kilian). pymel seems to have been
originally an adjective, hence its use in
Laws of Ine. xlix. Duymelinck in
Kilian is also a wren, a bird as big as
ones thumb.

pyn, prset. j'ybe, p. part. \>yb ; squeeze,
press, stab. Lb. IL iii. v., Quadr. vi. 15.
Norse at Jsja. The infinitive ))yban of
dictionaries has no existence. Gehyn,
squeeze, Solom. and Sat. p. 150, line 34.
Ge^-y^^ id. p. 162, line 607. See A>yn.
It is a contraction of higan. Beda, 611,
41. The present Ic J^i, fodio, JEG. 32,
line 45.

pinan, grow moist; the intransitive to
J'senan, moisten, as Lb. I. ii. 21.

pujre t)irrel,masc.,gen.-les; " tufty thistle,"
sow thistle, sonchus oleraceus, Bot. Also
J>u]>i)tel, Germ. Dudistel, Lb. IIL viii.

punoiicla)iie, fern., gen. -an ; bugle, aiuga
reptans, if we may rely on a gl. Leech-
doms, vol. I. p. 374. " Consolida media,
" t-undre clouere," Gl. Harl. 978. On
consolida media, sec Fuchsius, p. 38G.

punojij'yjit:, fern., gen. -e, houseleek, sem-
pervivum tectorum, so called from its
averting thunderbolts ; Grimm. Mythol.
clxi. : an allusion to this is found in some
copies of Dioskorides, iv. 189.

punpange, -I'en^e, gen. -an, neut. as j'enge,
temple, timpus. Lb. L i. 8; IIL 1.

punjiange — cont.
Plural in -%e. Lb. III. xli. Gej-loh J>a
mib anum byfcle bu^an hi)- l>unj'enj;an,
Judges iv. 21, where, I presume, bujau
is not for begen, but rather begeonb.
MQ. 12, line 16.

f'paenan, make to dwindle, minuerc, it appears
lib. ii. 7, compai'ed with Dpman, lib.
ii. 4. So Lb. I. xxxi. 1. This signifi-
cation now seems too conjectural.

2. To soften, mollire. Tiloben hi)-
Isecai* 1 'Sone j-pile mib j'ealpum T mib
behenum gel^jijenan polbon, Bed., 611,19,
Curabant medici hunc adpositis pigmeii-
iorum fomentis emollire. Done unjje-
J'jjsejian ppyle mib 'Sygbe •) Spenbe, ibid,
line 40, Tumorem ilium infcstum horum
adpositione co?nprimere ac mollire curabat.

3. Irrigate. Foja \>woa. gip "ji paeteji hi
ne 5e]?pEenbe, 'Sonne bjiugobe hio, etc.
Boet. p. 78, line 27. If the water had
not irrigated her, the earth, she would
have got dry, etc. Da abpugoban hcoii-
tan j;e'5p8enan mib ^sem plopenban y^on
hip lape, P. A. 14 a, Corda arenlia
doctrines fluentis irrigare. Donne pio
milbheoprnep ^cep lapeopep je^psen't^'
T Selec'5 'Sa bpeofc bsep sehie]ienbep,
P. A. 27 a, Quando hoc in aiidientis pec-
tore pietas prcedicantis rigat. Cf J^aenan.

l'']iepan, turn. See Se)?pe)ian.

INDEX OE PROPER NAMES.

Achilles, Hb. xc, clxxv. 5,

-/Elfeed, king; in communication with the

Patriarch of Jerusalem, about healing

drugs, Lb. II. Ixiv.

Bald, owner of the Leechbook MS., Lb.
p. 298.

Chiron, Hb. xxxvi.

CiLD, scribe of the Leechbook MS., Lb.
p. 298.

CoLUMBA, Saint, Vol. I. p. .39.5.

Dun, a leech, Lb. p. 292.

Elias or Helias II., Patriarch of Jeru-
salem, sends medical prescriptions to
King iElfred. For what is known of
him see Le Quien, Oriens Christianus,
Vol. IIL col. 302, and the Bollandist
Acta Sanctorum for May 12, p. xxxix.

FoRNET, in Islandic Fomjot, with the ter-
mination, Fornjotr, gives name to an
herb unknown, Fornets palm, or hand,
Lb. I. Ixx., Ixxi. His sons were rulers
of air, fire and wind (Skaldskaparmal,
p, 67, ed. Reykjavik) : his name occurs
in the elder Edda (Hrafegaldr, stanza
17). He is reckoned among the Eotens
or giants (Snorra Edda, p. Ill, ed.
Reykjavik) ; and he was felled by Thor
(ib. p. 61).

" Garmund, servant of God, Vol. I. p. 385.
Perhaps Gerraanus, bishop of Auxerre.
See William of Malmesbury, p. 3C, and
note, ed. Historical Society. Also Acta
Sanctorum, July 31. Wsermund, the
ancestor of Oifa and Penda (Sax, Chron.
626, 775), belongs to the fifth century-,
and was no saint. Gormimd, patriarch
of Jerusalem about 1118, was not cano-
nized, and could not be within the in-
tellectual reach of the author of that
charm.

HoMEROS, Hb. xlix., Ixvi.

Leleloth invoked. Lb. p. 140.

Longintjs, the soldier who pierced the
Saviours side. Vol. I. p. 393.

Mercurius, Hb, xlix., Ixxiii.

On, Lb. I. xlvi. 1. See Glossary in Ana-
pypm.

OxA, a leech. Lb. I. xlvii.

P^on, 'properly an epithet of Apollo,
Hb. Ixvi.

Patron invoked, Lb, p. 140,

Plinius, Lb, I. Ixxxvii. 1.

Telephus, Hb. xc,

TiECON, Lb. p. 140.

Vlixes, Hb. Ixxiii.

WiTMiER. Lb. I. ii, 14, Glossary.

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Historical Notes relative to the History of England ; from
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— 1714). Designed as a Book of instant Reference for ascertaining
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In the Press.

Calendarium Genealogicum ; for the Reigns of Henry HI. and
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CALENDAliS 01^ STATE PAPEllS.

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Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of tue IIeigns of
Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, preserved iu Her Majesty's
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1856.

Vol. I.— 1547-1580.

Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of
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Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of
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Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of
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Vol. 11—1661-1662.
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Calendar of State Papers relating to Scotland, preserved in
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Vol. I., the Scottish Series, of the Reigns of Henry VIII.,

Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, 1509-1589.
Vol. II., the Scottish Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth,
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Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland, preserved in Her
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Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, preserved in Her
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Noel Sainsbury, Esq. 1860-1862.

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Calendar of Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the
Reign of Henry VIII. , preserved in the Public Record Office,
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fessor of English Literature, King's College, London. 1862-1864.

Vol. I.— 1509-1514.

Vol. 11. (in IVo Parts),— 1515-1518.

Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of
Edward VI. Edited hy W. B. Turnbull, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn,
Barrister-at-Law, and Correspondant du Comite Imperial des
Travaux Ilistoriques et des Societes Savautes de France. 1861.

Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of
Mary. Edited hy W. B, Turnbull, Esq., of Lincoln's Inn,
Barrister-at-Law, and Correspondant du Comite Imperial des
Travaux Historiques et des Societes Savantes de France. 1861.

Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of
Elizabeth. Edited hy the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of
University College, Durham. 1863.
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Calendar of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers relating to
the Negotiations between England and Spain, preserved in
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Bergenroth. 1 862.

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Rawdon Brown, Esq. 1864.
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Calendar of State Papers relating to Ireland, preserved in
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Elizabeth (continued), preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record
Office. Edited by Robert Lemon, Esq., F.S.A. 1580-1590.

Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of
Elizabeth. Edited by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of
University College, Durham. Vol. II.— 1559-1560.

Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of
Charles I., preserved in Her Majesty's Public Record Office.
Edited by John Bruce, Esq., F.S.A. Vol. VIII.

Calendar of Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the
Reign of Henry VIIL, preserved in Her Majesty's Public Re-
cord Office, the British Museum, &c. Edited by J. S. Brewer,
M.A., Professor of English Literature, Kind's College, London.
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Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of
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Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, relating to English
Affairs, preserved in the Archives of Venice, &c. Edited by
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Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, preserved in Her
Majesty's Public Record Oifice, and elsewhere. Edited by W.
NoiiL Sainsbury, Esq. Vol. III. — East Indies, China, and Japan.

10

THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.

[Royal 8vo. Price IQs. each Volume or Part.]

1. The Chronicle of England, by John Capgrave. Edited by the

Rev. F. C. HiNGESTON, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford, 1858.

2. Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon. Vols. I. and II. Edited

by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of University College,
Durham, and Vicar of Leighton Buzzard. 1858.

3. Lives of Edward the Confessor. I. — La Estoire de Seint Aed-

ward le Rei. II. — Vita Beati Edvardi Regis et Confessoris.

in. Vita iEduuardi Regis qui apud Westmonasterium requiescit.

Edited by Henry Richards Luard, M.A., Fellow and Assistant
Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1858.

4. MoNUMENTA Franciscana ; scilicet, I. — Thomas de Eccleston de

Adventu Fratrum Minorum in Angliam. II. — Adaj de Marisco
Epistolse. III. — Registrum Fratrum Minorum Londonite. Edited
by J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Literature, King's
College, Lond"on. 1858.

5. Fasciculi Zizaniorum Magistri Johannis Wyclif ccm Tritico.

Ascribed to Thomas Netter, of Walden, Provincial of the
Carmelite Order in England, and Confessor to King Henry the
Fifth. Edited by the Rev. W. W. Shirley, M.A., Tutor and late
Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford. 1858.

6. The Buik of the Croniclis of Scotland ; or, A Metrical

Version of the History of Hector Boece ; by William Stewart.
Vols. I., II., and III. Edited by W. B. Turnbull, Esq., of
Lincoln's Inn, Barrister-at-Law. 1858.

7. Johannis Capgrave Liber de Illtjstribus Henricis. Edited

by the Rev. F. C. Hingeston, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford.
1858.

8. HiSTORiA Monasterii S. Algustini Cantuariensis, by Thomas

OF Elmiiam, formerly Monk and Treasurer of that Foundation.
Edited by Charles Hard wick, M.A., Fellow of St. Catharine's
Hall, and Christian Advocate in the University of Cambridge.
1858.

11

9. EuL0GiD3i (HisTORiARUM siVE Temporis) : Clironicoii ab Orbe

condito usque ad Annum Domini 1366 ; a Monacho quodam
Malmesbiriensi exaratum. Vols. I., II., and III. Edited by Y. S.
Haydon, Esq., B.A. 1858-1863.

10. Memorials of Henry the Seventh : Bernardi Andi-eje Tho-
losatis Vita Regis Henrici Septimi ; necnon alia qucedam ad
eundem Eegem spectantia. Edited by James Gairdner, Esq.
1858.

11. Memorials oe Henry the Fifth. I. — Vita Henrici Quinti,

Roberto Redmanno auctore. II. — Versus Rliythmici in laudem
Regis Henrici Quinti. III. — Elmhami Liber Metricus de
Henrico V. Edited by C. A. Cole, Esq. 1858.

12. MuNiMENTA GiLDHALL^ LoNDONiENSis ; Liber Albus, Liber

Custumarum, et Liber Horn, in arcliivis Gildhallae asservati.
Vol. I., Liber Albus. Vol. II. (in Two Parts), Liber Custumarum.
Vol. III., Translation of the Anglo-Norman Passages in Liber
Albus, Glossaries, Appendices, and Index. Edited by Henry
Thomas Riley, Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-LaAv. 1859-1860.

13. Chronica Johannis de Oxenedes. Edited by Sir Henry
Ellis, K.H. 1859.

14. A Collection of Political Poems and Songs relating to

English History, frobi the Accession of Ed-ward III. to
THE Reign of Henry VIII. Vols. I. and II. Edited by
Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A. 1859-1861.

15. The '• Opus Tertium," " Opus Minus," Stc, of Roger Bacon.

Edited by J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Litera-
ture, King's College, London. 1859,

16. BARTHOLOMiEI DE COTTON, MONACHI NoRWICENSIS, HiSTORIA

Anglicana (A.D. 449 — 1298). Edited by Henry Richards
LuARD, M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity Colleo-e,
Cambridge. 1859.

17. Brut y Tywysogion ; or. The Chronicle of the Princes of Wales.
Edited by the Rev. J. Williams ae Ithel. 1860.

18. A Collection of Royal and Historical Letters during

the Reign of Henry IV. Vol. I. Edited by the Rev. F. C.
HiNGESTON, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford. 1860.

19. The Repressor op over biuch Blaming of the Clergy. By

Reginald Pecock, sometime Bishop of Chichester. Vols. I.
and II. Edited by Churchill Babington, B.D., Fellow of St.
John's College, Cambridge. 1860.

12

20. Annales Cambrics. Edited by the Rev. J. Williams ab Ithel.

1860.

21. The Works of Giraldus Cambrensis. Vols, I., II., and III.
Edited hij J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Literature,
King's College, London. 1861-1863.

22. Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the
English in France during the Reign of Henry the Sixth,
King of England. Vol. I., and Vol. II. (in Two Parts). Edited
by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of University College,
Durham, and Vicar of Leighton Buzzard. 1861-1864.

23. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, according to the several

Original Authorities. Vol. L, Original Texts. Vol. II.,
Translation. Edited by Benjamin Thorpe, Esq., Member of \hQ
Royal Academy of Sciences at Munich, and of the Society of
Netherlandish Literature at Leyden. 1861.

24. Letters and Papers illustrative of the Reigns of

Richard III. and Henry VII. Vols. I. and II. Edited by
James Gairdner, Esq. 1861-1863.

25. Letters of Bishop Grosseteste, illustrative of the Social Con-

dition of his Time. Edited by Henry Richards Luard, M.A.,
Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, Cambridge. 1861.

26. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts relating to the

History of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. I. (in Two
Parts) ; Anterior to the Norman Invasion. By Thomas Duffus
Hardy, Esq., Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. 1862.

27. Royal and other Historical Letters illustrative op the

Reign of Henry III. From the Originals in the Public Record
Office. Vol. I., 1216-1235. Selected and edited by the Rev.
W. W. Shirley, Tutor and late Fellow of Wadham College,
Oxford. 1862.

28. The Saint Alban's Chronicles : — The English History of
Thomas Walsingham, Monk of Saint Alban's. Vol. I., 1272-
1381. Vol. II., 1381-1422. Edited % Henry Thomas Riley,
Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law. 1863-1864.

29. Chronicon Abbati^ Eveshamensis, Auctoribus Domenico
Priore Eveshami^ et Thoma de Marleberge Abbate, a

FUNDATIONE AD AnNUBI 1213, UNA CUM CONTINUATIONE AD

Annum 1418. Edited by the Rev. W. D. Macray, M.A.,
Bodleian Library, Oxford. 1863.

30. RiCARDI DE ClRENCESTRlA SPECULUM HiSTORIALE DE GeSTIS

Regum Angli^e. Vol. I., 447-871. Edited by John E. B.
Mayor, M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of St. John's College,
Cambridge. 1863.

13

31. Year Books op tue Reign op Edward the First. Years

30-31, and 32-33. Edited and translated hy Alfred John
HoRAVOOD, Esq., of the Middle Temple, B arris tev-at-L aw. 18G3-
1864.

32. Narratives of the Expulsion of the English from Nor-
mandy, 1449-1450. — RobertusBlondelli de Reductione Normannias:
Le Recouvrement de Normendie, par Berry, Herault du Roy:
Conferences between the Ambassadors of F'-ance and England.
Edited, from MSS. in the Imperial Library at Paris, by the
Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of University College, Durham.
1863.

33. HiSTORiA et Cartularium Monasterii S. Petri Gloucestrite.
Vol. I. Edited by W. H. Hart, Esq., F.S.A. ; Membre cor-
respondant de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie. 1863.

34. Alexandri Neckam de Naturis Rertjm libri duo ; with

Neckam's Poem, De Laudibus Divin^e Sapienti^e. Edited by
Thomas Wright, Esq., M.A. 1863.

35. Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early Eng-

land ; being a Collection of Documents illustrating the History
of Science in this Country before the Norman Conquest. Vols.
I. and II. Collected and edited by the Rev. T. Oswald
Cockayne, M.A., of St. John's College, Cambridge. 1864-1865.

36. Annales Monastici. Vol. I. : — Annales de Margan, 1066-1232 ;
Annales de Theokesberia, 1066-1 263 ; Annales de Burton, 1004-
1263. Edited by Henry Richards Luard, M.A., Fellow and
Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, and Registrary of the Uni-
versity, Cambridge. 1864.

37. Magna Vita S. Hugonis Episcopi Lincolniensis. From Manu-

scripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, and the Imperial Library,
Paris. Edited by the Rev. James F. Dimock, M.A., Rector of
Barnburgh, Yorkshire. 1864.

38. Chronicles and Memorials op the Reign of Richard the
First. Vol. I. Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis
RiCARDi. Edited by William Stubbs, M.A., Vicar of Navestock,
Essex, and Lambeth Librarian. 1864.

39. Recueil des Croniques et anchiennes Istories de la Grant
Bretaigne a present nomme Engleterre, par Jehan de
Waurin. From Albina to 688. Edited by William Hardy,
Esq., F.S.A. 1864.

40. A Collection op the Chronicles and ancient Histories op
Great Britain, now called England, by John de Wavrin.
From Albina to 688. (Translation of the preceding.) Edited
and translated by Williabi Hardy, Esq., F.S.A. 1864.

14

In the Press.

Le Livere de E.EIS DE Brittanie. Edited by J, Glover, M.A.,
Vicar of Brading, Isle of Wight.

The Wars of the Danes in Ireland : written in the Irish Language.

Edited hij the Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D., Librarian of the University

of Dublin.
A Collection of Sagas and other Historical Documents relating

to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British

Isles. JE'rf«7ec?&2/ George W. Dasent, Esq., D.C.L. Oxon.

A Collection . of Royal and Historical Letters during the
Reign of Henry IV. Vol. II. Edited by the Rev. F. C.
HiNGESTON, M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford,

PoLYCHRONicoN Ranulphi Higdeni, with Trevisa's Translation.
Edited by Churchill Babington, B.D., Fellow of St. John's
College, Cambridge.

Official Correspondence op Thomas Bekynton, Secretary to
Henry VI., with other Letters and Documents. Edited
by the Rev. George Williams, B.D., Senior Fellow of King's
College, Cambridge.

Royal and other Historical Letters illustrative of the Reign
of Henry III. From the Originals in the Public Record Office.
Vol. II. Selected and edited by the Rev. W. W. Shirley, D.D.,
Regius Professor in Ecclesiastical History, and Canon of Christ
Church, Oxford.

Original Documents illustrative of Academical and Clerical
Life and Studies at Oxford between the Reigns of
Henry III. and Henry VII. Edited by the Rev. H. Anstey,
M.A.

Roll of the Privy Council of Ireland, 16 Richard II. Edited
by the Rev. James Graves, A.B., Treasurer of St. Canicc,
Ireland.

RiCARDi de Cirencestria Speculum Historiale de Gestis Regum
Anglic. Vol. II., 872-1066. Edited by John E. B. Mayor,
M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of St. John's College, and
Librarian of the University, Cambridge.

The Works of Giraldus Cambrensis. Vol. IV. Edited by
J. S. Brewer, M.A., Professor of English Literature, King's
College, London.

Historia et Cartularium Monasterii S. Petri GLOUCESTRia:.
Vol. II. Edited by W. H. Hart, Esq., F.S.A. ; Membre cor-
respondant de la Societe des Antiquaires de Normandie.

15

HisTORTA MiNOK Matth^i PAras. Edited hy Sir Frederick:
Madden, K.H., Keeper of the Department of Manuscripts,
British Museum.

Annales Monasttci. Vol. II. Edited hy Henry Richards Luard,
M.A., Fellow and Assistant Tutor of Trinity College, and Re<»is-
trary of the University, Cambridge.

CiiRONicoN Raditlphi Abbatis Coggeshalensis Majus ; and,
Chronicon Terr^ vSancTuE et de Captis a Saladino Hiero-
soLTJiis. Edited hy the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, M.A., of
University College, Durham.

The Satnt Alban's Chronicles : — Vol. III.. The Chronicles op

RiSHANGER, TrOKELOWE, BlANEFORD, AND OTHERS. Edited hy

Henry Thomas Rlley, Esq., M.A., Barrister-at-Law.
Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign op Richard the First.
Vol. II. Edited hy William Stubbs, M, A., Vicar of Navestock,
Esses, and Lambeth Librarian.

Year Books of the Reign of Edward the First. 20th, 2Lst,
and 22nd Years, Edited and translated hy Alfred John
Horwood, Esq., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.

Recueil des Croniques et anchiennes Istories de la G-rant
Bretaigne a present nomme Engleterre, par Jehan de
Waurin (continued). Edited hy William Hardy, Esq., F.S.A.

Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts relating to the History
OP Great Britain AND Ireland. Vol.11. By Thomas Duffus
Hardy, Esq., Deputy Keeper of the Public Records.

In Progress.

Chronica Monasterii de Melsa, ae Anno 1 1 50 usque ad Annum
1400. Edited hy Edward Augustus Bond, Esq., Assistant
Keeper of the Department of Manuscripts, and Egerton Librarian,
British Museum.

Documents relating to England and Scotland, from the
Northern Registers. Edited hy the Rev. James Raine,
M.A., of Durham University.

WiLLIELMT MaLMESBIRIENSIS DE GeSTIS PoNTIFICUM AnGLORUM,

LiBRi V. Edited hy N. E. S. A. Hajhlton, Esq., of the Depart-
ment of Manuscripts, British Museum.

January 1865.

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